Minimal invasive plate osteosynthesis for the dislocated humeral head fracture associated with ipsilateral humeral shaft fracture: A case report.

The condition combining a dislocated humeral head fracture and an ipsilateral humeral shaft fracture is seen to be rare in literature, which is limited to case report or case series. Furthermore, effective management of these coexistent injuries is still a subject of debate. The essential purpose of this article is to report another treatment method for this condition. We present a case of a 79-year-old female patient who suffered a three-part humeral head fracture-dislocation associated with the ipsilateral humeral shaft fracture. The combined injuries were managed by minimal invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) through the deltopectoral approach with the eventual result of bone healing and good function after thirty-three months of follow-up. In conclusion, MIPO should be considered a safe and effective option, however, the risk of traumatic osteonecrosis of the humeral head is taken into account before operation decision-making.

Microfluidics: A Novel Approach for Dehydration Protein Droplets.

The equation of state of colloids plays an important role in the modelling and comprehension of industrial processes, defining the working conditions of processes such as drying, filtration, and mixing. The determination of the equation is based on the solvent equilibration, by dialysis, between the colloidal suspension and a reservoir with a known osmotic pressure. In this paper, we propose a novel microfluidic approach to determine the equation of state of a lysozyme solution. Monodispersed droplets of lysozyme were generated in the bulk of a continuous 1-decanol phase using a flow-focusing microfluidic geometry. In this multiphasic system and in the working operation conditions, the droplets can be considered to act as a permeable membrane system. A water mass transfer flow occurs by molecule continuous diffusion in the surrounding 1-decanol phase until a thermodynamic equilibrium is reached in a few seconds to minutes, in contrast with the standard osmotic pressure measurements. By changing the water saturation of the continuous phase, the equation of state of lysozyme in solution was determined through the relation of the osmotic pressure between protein molecules and the volume fraction of protein inside the droplets. The obtained equation shows good agreement with other standard approaches reported in the literature.

Confinement Effect of Plasmon for the Fabrication of Interconnected AuNPs through the Reduction of Diazonium Salts.

This paper describes a rapid bottom-up approach to selectively functionalize gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on an indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate using the plasmon confinement effect. The plasmonic substrates based on a AuNP-free surfactant were fabricated by electrochemical deposition. Using this bottom-up technique, many sub-30 nm spatial gaps between the deposited AuNPs were randomly generated on the ITO substrate, which is difficult to obtain with a top-down approach (i.e., E-beam lithography) due to its fabrication limits. The 4-Aminodiphenyl (ADP) molecules were grafted directly onto the AuNPs through a plasmon-induced reduction of the 4-Aminodiphenyl diazonium salts (ADPD). The ADP organic layer preferentially grew in the narrow gaps between the many adjacent AuNPs to create interconnected AuNPs. This novel strategy opens up an efficient technique for the localized surface modification at the nanoscale over a macroscopic area, which is anticipated to be an advanced nanofabrication technique.

Different fermentation strategies by Schizochytrium mangrovei strain pq6 to produce feedstock for exploitation of squalene and omega-3 fatty acids.

Schizochytrium mangrovei strain PQ6 was investigated for coproduction of docosahexaenoic acid (C22: 6ω-3, DHA) and squalene using a 30-L bioreactor with a working volume of 15 L under various batch and fed-batch fermentation process regimes. The fed-batch process was a more efficient cultivation strategy for achieving higher biomass production rich in DHA and squalene. The final biomass, total lipid, unsaponifiable lipid content, and DHA productivity were 105.25 g · L-1 , 43.40% of dry cell weight, 8.58% total lipid, and 61.66 mg · g-1  · L-1 , respectively, after a 96 h fed-batch fermentation. The squalene content was highest at 48 h after feeding glucose (98.07 mg · g-1 of lipid). Differences in lipid accumulation during fermentation were correlated with changes in ultrastructure using transmission electron microscopy and Nile Red staining of cells. The results may be of relevance to industrial-scale coproduction of DHA and squalene in heterotrophic marine microalgae such as Schizochytrium.