Hesperozygis ringens (Benth.) Epling: a study involving extraction, chemical profiling, antioxidant and biological activity.

Hesperozygis ringens is a plant of the Lamiaceae family which is restricted to the Southern region of Brazil. It is popularly used as an insecticide, but knowledge on it is very scarce. This study aimed to determine the chemical markers of H. ringens extracts obtained via ultrasound-assisted (UAE-EtOH) and supercritical fluid (SFE-CO2) extractions. UAE-EtOH and SFE-CO2 extracts were characterised by UPLC-MS and GC-MS, respectively. Both products had their antioxidant activity, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity evaluated. Twelve compounds were found in the UAE-EtOH extract, including phenolic acids and flavonoids; the SFE-CO2 extract contained terpenes and phytosterols. The UAE-EtOH extract showed a greater antioxidant activity. Neither extract presented cytotoxicity or genotoxicity against human mononuclear blood cells.

Chemical study, antioxidant activity, and genotoxicity and cytotoxicity evaluation of Ruellia angustiflora.

Ruellia angustiflora (Acanthaceae) is known as flower-of-fire, and its leaves are traditionally employed to promote wound healing. This study was aimed at extracting and characterizing the chemical constituents of the extracts of R. angustiflora obtained by ultrasound-assisted and supercritical fluid extractions, and subsequently investigate their antioxidant potential and cyto-genotoxicity. The extract obtained by ultrasound (UAE-EtOH) was characterized by ultraperformance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS), and the extract obtained via supercritical fluid (SFE-CO2) by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The antioxidant potential was verified by the antiradical activity against the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), and the cyto-genotoxicity evaluation to test cell viability and DNA damage was performed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) cultures. The SFE-CO2 extract presented some fatty acids, triterpenes, tetraterpenes, tocopherols and phytosterols. The UAE-EtOH extract contained phenolic acids and flavonoids, and showed the highest antioxidant capacity. Neither extract was genotoxic or cytotoxic at the tested concentrations.

Teoria da Psicologia do Trabalhar: uma perspectiva inclusiva para orientação de carreira / The Psychology of Working Theory: an inclusive perspective for career guidance / Teoría de la Psicología del Trabajo: una perspectiva inclusiva para la orientación profesional

O artigo apresenta e discute a Teoria da Psicologia do Trabalhar (TPT), demonstrando sua relevância para as teorias de carreira e sua pertinência no atual mundo do trabalho e contexto brasileiro. A TPT abarca a experiência de trabalhar de todas as pessoas, inclusive grupos em desvantagem socioeconômica e cultural, enfatizando múltiplos fatores contextuais que afetam o acesso e as experiências de trabalho. O trabalho decente é proposto como central para a teoria e discutem-se os preditores contextuais, mediadores psicológicos e econômicos, bem como os moderadores e os resultados que fundamentam a TPT. Este debate contribui com os desafios contemporâneos, trazendo implicações teóricas, para políticas públicas e para o campo da orientação profissional e de carreira.

This article presents and discusses the PWT (Psychology of Working Theory), highlighting its relevance for the career theories and its pertinence in the current working world and in the Brazilian context. The PWT proposition is to embrace the experience of working of all people, including groups at socioeconomic and cultural disadvantage, emphasizing multiple contextual factors that affect the access and experiences of work. Decent work is proposed as central to the theory, and contextual predictors, psychological and economical mediators are discussed, as well as the moderators and the outcomes that constitute the PWT. This debate contributes to the contemporary challenges, pointing out implications for theory, public policies and career guidance and counseling.

El propósito de este artículo es presentar y discutir la TPT (Teoría de la psicología del trabajo), demostrando su relevancia para las teorías de carrera y para el mundo laboral actual y el contexto brasileño. TPT propone adoptar la experiencia de trabajar para todas las personas, incluidos los grupos en desventaja socioeconómica y cultural, destacando los múltiples factores contextuales que afectan el acceso y las experiencias laborales. Propone el trabajo decente como elemento central de la teoría y discute los predictores contextuales, los mediadores psicológicos y económicos, así como los moderadores y los resultados que subyacen a la TPT. Este debate contribuye a los desafíos contemporáneos, trayendo implicaciones teóricas, para las políticas públicas y para el campo de la orientación profesional y de la carrera.

Brazilian Nutritional Consensus in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Adults.

The nutritional status of patients submitted to hematopoietic stem cell transplant is considered an independent risk factor, which may influence on quality of life and tolerance to the proposed treatment. The impairment of nutritional status during hematopoietic stem cell transplant occurs mainly due to the adverse effects resulting from conditioning to which the patient is subjected. Therefore, adequate nutritional evaluation and follow-up during hematopoietic stem cell transplant are essential. To emphasize the importance of nutritional status and body composition during treatment, as well as the main characteristics related to the nutritional assessment of the patient, the Brazilian Consensus on Nutrition in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant: Adults was prepared, aiming to standardize and update Nutritional Therapy in this area. Dietitians, nutrition physicians and hematologists from 15 Brazilian centers thar are references in hematopoietic stem cell transplant took part.

Brazilian Nutritional Consensus in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Adults / Consenso Brasileiro de Nutrição em Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoiéticas: Adultos

ABSTRACT The nutritional status of patients submitted to hematopoietic stem cell transplant is considered an independent risk factor, which may influence on quality of life and tolerance to the proposed treatment. The impairment of nutritional status during hematopoietic stem cell transplant occurs mainly due to the adverse effects resulting from conditioning to which the patient is subjected. Therefore, adequate nutritional evaluation and follow-up during hematopoietic stem cell transplant are essential. To emphasize the importance of nutritional status and body composition during treatment, as well as the main characteristics related to the nutritional assessment of the patient, the Brazilian Consensus on Nutrition in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant: Adults was prepared, aiming to standardize and update Nutritional Therapy in this area. Dietitians, nutrition physicians and hematologists from 15 Brazilian centers thar are references in hematopoietic stem cell transplant took part.

RESUMO O estado nutricional do paciente submetido ao transplante de células-tronco hematopoéticas é considerado fator de risco independente, podendo influenciar na qualidade de vida e na tolerância ao tratamento proposto. O comprometimento do estado nutricional durante o transplante de células-tronco hematopoéticas ocorre principalmente devido aos efeitos adversos decorrentes do condicionamento ao qual o paciente é submetido. Desta forma, a adequada avaliação nutricional e o acompanhamento durante o transplante de células-tronco hematopoéticas tornam-se imprescindíveis. Com o objetivo de salientar a importância do estado nutricional e da composição corporal durante o tratamento, bem como as principais características relacionadas à avaliação nutricional do paciente, o Consenso Brasileiro de Nutrição em Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoiéticas: Adulto foi elaborado visando uniformizar e atualizar a Terapia Nutricional nesta área. Com a participação de nutricionistas, nutrólogos e hematologistas de 15 centros brasileiros referências em transplante de células-tronco hematopoéticas

Comparação da análise microbiológica de alimentos crus e cozidos / Comparison of the microbiological analysis of raw and cooked foods

Objetivo ­ Analisar e comparar a qualidade microbiológica de frutas e hortaliças cruas e cozidas servidas em uma instituição oncológica. Métodos ­ Para isso foram analisadas amostras de 10 alimentos na forma crua e cozida. As análises microbiológicas dos alimentos não apresentaram alterações que indicassem risco sanitário ao paciente. Resultados ­ Houve alteração no valor de mesófilos totais do abacaxi cru, mostrando que é possível a contaminação pelos microrganismos indicadores higiênicos após a higienização do alimento, podendo ser pela manipulação inadequada após este procedimento ou superfícies de contato. Conclusão ­ As análises microbiológicas revelaram que os alimentos crus podem ser consumidos por pacientes oncológicos e neutropênicos, pois não houve presença de micro-organismos indicadores sanitários que representassem alto risco à saúde e não apresentaram diferenças microbiológicas destes com os alimentos cozidos. As contagens de micro-organismos higiênicos se mantiveram dentro dos limites aceitáveis tanto para os alimentos crus quanto os cozidos

Objective ­ To analyze and compare the microbiological quality of raw and cooked fruits and vegetables served at an oncological institution. Methods ­ For this, 10 food samples were analyzed in raw and cooked form. The microbiological analyzes of the food did not present alterations that indicated health risk to the patient. Results ­ There was a change in the total mesophyll value of raw pineapple, showing that it is possible to contaminate the hygienic indicator microorganisms after food hygiene, and may be due to improper handling after this procedure or contact surfaces. Conclusion ­ Microbiological analysis revealed that raw foods can be consumed by oncology and neutropenic patients, as there were no micro-organisms that were health indicators that presented a high health risk and did not present microbiological differences with cooked food. The counts of hygienic microorganisms have remained within acceptable limits for both raw and cooked foods

The effects of perceived chronic stress on the fMRI correlates of attentional control in women managers.

The aims of the current study were to examine differences in brain responses to cognitive control in stressed and non-stressed women managers. Stress complaints are highly prevalent among active workers and play an important role in women managers mental health and cognitive functioning. Psychosocial stress has been associated with differential executive functions in this population, but little is known about the neural correlates underlying such differences. We examined brain responses of a particular group of workers that has been proposed to have a different response to stress as a function of their status (i.e., managers). Stressed (n = 19) and non-stressed women managers (n = 21) were scanned using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during the performance of a cognitively demanding task. We used the Stroop color-word task to compare neural activation associated with the suppression of a predominant response tendency (i.e., word reading) and the initiation of an appropriate behavior alternative (i.e., naming word color). Despite similar behavioral performances, stressed managers exhibited increased activation in the occipital cortex during response inhibition. No regions were more activated in the non-stressed relative to the stressed group. This finding of greater activation has been interpreted as compensatory brain response to maintain performance in front of cognitive challenge.

Self-compassion is associated with less stress and depression and greater attention and brain response to affective stimuli in women managers.

BACKGROUND: Women have been assuming more responsibilities and higher positions in major companies, which exposes them to high levels of stress. Higher perceived work stress is related to higher emotional reactivity. Difficulties with emotional regulation can lead to anxiety and mood disorders, which are more prevalent in women than men. Indeed, women leaders are more likely to experience emotional fatigue than men due to excessive empathy. Our aim was to evaluate the associations between self-compassion (SC) scores to depression symptoms, perceived stress and mindfulness, as well as with brain responses to high-arousal unpleasant and pleasant pictures from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS), as measured through functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) in women managers. METHODS: Forty-six participants were selected for the study. All participants filled the Self Compassion Scale (SCS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Mindful Awareness Attention Scale (MAAS) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). After that they were scanned during an fMRI affective response paradigm. Correlation analysis were performed among these variables. RESULTS: Our data suggest that women with higher SC scores respond to affective stimuli with higher activation of the precuneus (a brain region related to self-referential processing), lower levels of stress and depression and show greater attention in everyday activities. CONCLUSION: SC may be an important characteristic for women leaders because of its association with higher sensitivity to emotional stimuli and mindfulness. These skills may allow them to be more aware of others while being less susceptible for stress and depression symptoms.

Safety assessment of ethanolic extract of Olea europaea L. leaves after acute and subacute administration to Wistar rats.

Olea europaea L., popularly known as olive, is a plant widely used worldwide. Its leaves, fruit and oil are extensively consumed and present important pharmacological properties. However, studies regarding the toxicity of olive leaves are still limited in the literature. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate acute and subacute oral toxicities of the ethanolic extract of olive leaves (EEO) in Wistar rats through histopathology and biochemical and hematological parameters. Acute toxicity was assessed using a single dose of 2000 mg/kg of EEO administered by oral gavage to male and female rats. To assess subacute toxicity, EEO was administered during 28 days at different doses (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) to male and female rats. At the end of the experiments, the liver and kidney were removed and examined microscopically, and blood was collected for hematological and biochemical parameters. A single dose of 2000 mg/kg did not induce mortality or any signs of toxicity among the animals treated. Animals exposed to EEO during 28 days did not present sign of abnormalities. Results demonstrated that EEO did not induce toxicity after exposure to single and repeated doses. However, more studies are needed to fully understand implications for human safety.

Some triterpenic compounds in extracts of Cecropia and Bauhinia species for different sampling years

ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to provide an overview on the chemical composition of triterpenes in widespread used folk medicine species, through the development and validation of eleven compounds using HPLC-UV detection. The compounds were separated using isocratic elution, on a reverse phase column (Kinetex C18, 250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile:tetrahydrofuran (90:10, v/v), flow-rate of 0.5 ml/min and detection in 210 nm. Diverse validation parameters were successfully evaluated. The samples of Bauhinia variegata L., B. variegata var. candida Voigt, Fabaceae, Cecropia palmata Willd. and C. obtusa Trécul, Urticaceae, collected in 2012, 2013 and 2014 from Amazon were treated with two different solvents (ethyl acetate and chloroform) and analyzed by the proposed method. Stigmasterol, lupeol, β-sitosterol, β-amirin and α-amirin were found in all the studied plants. Highlighting the presence of oleanolic acid, maslinic acid in C. obtusa and C. palmata extracts, erythrodiol only in C. palmata, stigmasteol in B. variegata and α-amirin in B. variegata var. candida. Overall, ethyl acetate showed better performance as the extractor solvent than chloroform. Moreover, it could be used for the quality control of medicinal plants and to assess potential marker compounds.

Prevalência de cirurgias em idosos / Prevalence of surgery in elderly

Objetivo: estimar a prevalência de cirurgias em idosos. Método: estudo transversal, de base hospitalar, constituído a partir dos mapas de procedimentos cirúrgicos. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se instrumento contendo idade, sexo e tipo de cirurgia. Resultados: a amostra foi composta por 723 cirurgias. A média deidade foi de 71,51 anos, sendo que 374 (51,7%) eram idosos do sexo masculino e 349 (48,3%), do sexo feminino. As cirurgias com maior prevalência foram: ressecção de câncer basocelular (18%), revascularizações(7,5%) e colicistectomia (6,2%). Conclusão: grande parte das cirurgias nesta população é consequência de exposição a fatores de risco previsíveis, o que torna fundamental o planejamento do cuidado e pesquisas com foco na prevenção e promoção da saúde.

Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the phenolic content of Connarus var. angustifolius, Cecropia obtusa, Cecropia palmata and Mansoa alliacea based on HPLC-DAD and UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS

ABSTRACT The phenolic content of the medicinal species Connarus perrottetti var. angustifolius Radlk., Connaraceae, Cecropia obtuse Trécul, Cecropia palmata Willd., Urticaceae; and Mansoa alliacea (Lam.) A.H.Gentry, Bignoniaceae, collected in three different years was evaluated. Plant infusions and hydroalcoholic, butanol and ethyl acetate extracts were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection. In order to endorse these results, analysis by electrospray mass spectrometry was also performed. Were identified: gallic acid, catechin, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, rutin, quercitrin and resveratrol. C. perrottetti showed greater diversity of polyphenols. M. alliacea had the higher concentration of caffeic acid even though it was found in all species. Catechin was the major antioxidant, but was not detected in M. alliacea. However, we discuss the popular use of these species, as well as their phenolic constitution and the interannual distribution of phenolic compounds.

Mutual help group for family members of older adults with dementia: unveiling perspectives / Grupo de ayuda mutua a familiares de adultos mayores con demencia: revelando perspectivas / Grupo de ajuda mútua a familiares de pessoas idosas com demência: desvelando perspectivas

ABSTRACT Objective: to understanding the reasons why members of a Mutual Help Group for family caregivers of older adults with Dementia participate in it and to identify the difficulties and benefits of such participation. Method: a qualitative exploratory descriptive study with data collected through observation and interviews with nine family caregivers, five family volunteers and five health professionals from the group. Data analysis involved content analysis and theoretical support of the Cultural Care Theory. Results: the respondents pointed out their reasons for seeking the group and the benefits they perceived from participating in it. However, difficulties to participate continuously in the group faced by both family caregivers and volunteers were also evidenced. Nontheless, all of them valued the possibility of being part of this group. Conclusion: the Mutual Help Group has proven to be an important supportive strategy for family caregivers of older adults with dementia, however, much remains to be done in order to make this strategy feasible for all families. Among the difficulties identified for maintaining the group are voluntary work and a way to attract more people to this work.

RESUMEN Objetivo: comprender los motivos por los cuales los integrantes de un Grupo de Ayuda Mutua a cuidadores familiares de adultos mayores con demencia participan del mismo e identificar las dificultades y los beneficios de esta participación. Métodos: investigación cualitativa, exploratoria y descriptiva, cuyos datos fueron recolectados por medio de observación y entrevistas con nueve cuidadores familiares, cinco familiares voluntarios y cinco profesionales de salud integrantes de este grupo. El análisis de los datos envolvió el análisis de contenido y el soporte teórico surgió de la Teoría del Cuidado Cultural. Resultados: los informantes apuntaron los motivos para buscar el grupo y los beneficios que percibían a partir de su participación en el mismo. Sin embargo, las dificultades para participar continuamente tanto por los cuidadores familiares como por los voluntarios, también fueron evidenciadas. Además, todos ellos valorizaron la posibilidad de formar parte del grupo. Conclusión: el grupo de ayuda mutua reveló una importante estrategia de soporte para los cuidadores familiares de adultos mayores con demencia, sin embargo, hay mucho que hacer aun para tornar esta estrategia viable para todas las familias. Entre las dificultades apuntadas para el mantenimiento del grupo es el trabajo voluntario y la forma de atraer más personas para este trabajo.

RESUMO Objetivo: compreender os motivos pelos quais os integrantes de um Grupo de Ajuda Mútua a cuidadores familiares de pessoas idosas com Demências participam do mesmo e identificar as dificuldades e os benefícios dessa participação. Método: pesquisa qualitativa exploratória descritiva, cujos dados foram coletados por meio de observação e entrevistas com nove cuidadores familiares, cinco familiares voluntários e cinco profissionais da saúde integrantes deste grupo. A análise dos dados envolveu a análise de conteúdo e suporte teórico da Teoria do Cuidado Cultural. Resultados: os informantes apontaram os motivos para buscar o grupo e os benefícios que percebiam a partir de sua participação no mesmo. No entanto, as dificuldades para participar continuamente do grupo, enfrentadas tanto pelos cuidadores familiares como pelos voluntários, também foram evidenciadas. Porém todos eles valorizaram a possibilidade de fazer parte desse grupo. Conclusão: o Grupo de Ajuda Mútua revelou-se uma importânte estratégia de suporte para cuidadores familiares de idosos com demência, no entanto, muito ainda há para ser feito a fim de tornar essa estratégia viável a todas as famílias. Entre as dificuldades apontadas para manutenção do grupo é o trabalho voluntário e a forma de atrair mais pessoas para esse trabalho.

Ethnopharmacological study and topical anti-inflammatory activity of crude extract from Poikilacanthus glandulosus (Nees) Ariza leaves.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Ethnopharmacological studies are important tools as records and documentation of the empirical uses of medicinal plants in traditional communities with the purpose of generating useful knowledge to lead to the development of new medicines, biodiversity conservation and enhancement of knowledge and local culture. Poikilacanthus glandulosus is widely used by the population of City of Santiago, in Brazil, nevertheless, it does not have any validation regarding its use and its medicinal effects. AIM: The objective of this study was to perform one ethnopharmacological survey about P. glandulosus in the City of Santiago and determine the anti-inflammatory activity in order to prove its uses in popular medicine. METHODS: Personal and ethnopharmacological data were collected through a prepared questionnaire. The phytochemical analysis was performed observing the individual methodology for each reaction and by HPLC-UV. The antiedematogenic and anti-inflammatory (cell infiltration and histological procedure) activities of the P. glandulosus (0.01-1000µg/ear) were evaluated in the ear edema model induced by topical application of croton oil. RESULTS: P. glandulosus is known in City of Santiago as "Gaiana" and its macerated leaves and branches are prepared with alcohol or sugarcane liquor especially for insect bites, cicatrization and inflammation. HPLC analysis revealed the presence of maslinic acid (2.024±0.10mg/g), uvaol (0.124±0.02mg/g) and sitosterol (0.502±0.05mg/g). The topical application of crude extract of P. glandulosus reduced in a dose-dependent manner the croton oil-induced ear edema and myeloperoxidase activity (neutrophils infiltration marker) with maximum inhibition of 87±2% and 64±12%, respectively at 1000µg/ear. Dexamethasone (100µg/ear), used as a positive control, inhibited croton oil-induced ear edema in 89±3% and decreased myeloperoxidase activity in 50±3%. Both P. glandulosus as dexamethasone reduced cell infiltration when evaluated by histological procedure CONCLUSION: This work allowed us to understand the specie P. glandulosus through ethnopharmacological study and it showed that the crude extract presented antiedematogenic and anti-inflammatory actions, proving their traditional use as anti-inflammatory.

Aspectos da (in)dependência funcional de pessoas adscritas a um centro de saúde / Aspects of functional (in) dependence of people ascribed to a health centre / Aspectos de la (in)dependencia funcional de personas registradas en un centro de salud

Estudo transversal, exploratório descritivo, realizado no período de março a julho de 2012, cujo objetivo foi investigar aspectos da independência funcional das pessoas adstritas a um centro de saúde de um distrito sanitário em Florianópolis. A amostra foi de 33 pessoas indicadas pela equipe da Estratégia de Saúde da Família como dependentes. Os dados foram coletados no domicílio por meio de formulário com perguntas sócio-demográficas e aplicação da escala denominada Medida de Independência Funcional, para verificação da medida de independência funcional. Para análise dos dados utilizou-se a estatística descritiva univariada. Os resultados demonstram que a população é feminina (55%), na faixa etária entre 60 e 79 anos. A totalidade das pessoas referiu dependência especialmente para locomoção, o que em alguns casos pode-se caracterizar como deficiência em função da presença de paresia. Conclui-se que a deficiência e a dependência estão correlacionadas, sendo importante a aplicação da Medida de Independência Funcional nos serviços de Atenção Primária a Saúde para o planejamento do cuidado às pessoas dependentes. O projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa - plataforma Brasil sob número 41129.

Cross-sectional, exploratory and descriptive study that was performed from March to July, 2012. Its aim was to investigate aspects of the functional independence from people ascribed to a health center, at a health district in Florianopolis. The sample consisted of 33 people nominated by the Family Health Strategy staff as dependents. Data was collected at home by using a questionnaire with socio-demographic questions and the application of the Functional Independence Mesure scale to verify the functional independence measure. For data analysis, it was used the univariate descriptive statistics. The results show the population is female (55%), aged between 60 and 79 years. The total number of persons reported dependence especially for locomotion, which in some cases it can be characterized as a disability due to the presence of paresis. It is concluded that disability and dependency are correlated, and it is important to implement the Functional Independence Measure in the services with Primary Health Care, to the planning of care for dependent persons. The project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee - platform Brazil under the number 41129.

Estudio transversal, exploratorio y descriptivo, realizado entre Marzo y Julio del 2012, cuyo objetivo fue investigar aspectos de la independencia funcional de las personas registradas en un centro de salud de un distrito sanitario en Florianópolis. La muestra fue de 33 personas indicadas por el equipe de la Estrategia Salud de la Familia como dependientes. Los datos fueron obtenidos en el domicílio, por medio de un formulario con preguntas socio-demográficas y la aplicación de la escala Medida de Independencia Funcional para la verificación de la medida de independencia funcional. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó la estadística descriptiva univariada. Los resultados demuestran que la población es femenina (55%) y está en la franja etaria entre 60 y 79 años. La totalidad de las personas se refirió a la dependencia especialmente para la locomoción, lo que en algunos casos se puede caracterizar como deficiencia en función de la presencia de paresia. Se concluye que la deficiencia y la dependencia están correlacionadas, siendo importante la aplicación de la Medida de Independencia Funcional en los servicios de Atención Primaria para la Salud y para el planeamiento del cuidado de personas dependientes. El proyecto fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación - plataforma Brasil bajo el número 41129.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis detection in the penitentiary system

Descrevemos retrospectivamente a detecção de Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MT) e o seu perfil de suscetibilidade entre detentos de três presídios da região de São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. Entre 2003 e 2006 foram avaliados 1.070 detentos com suspeita de tuberculose (TB). A positividadedo Mycobacterium sp. foi avaliada pela baciloscopia e cultura. A análise estatística foi realizada utilizando o Epi Info e BioEstat. Não houve diferença significante nos resultados positivos entre as três unidades penitenciárias. Foi encontrado um percentual de 6,9por cento de positividade para MT e operfil de sensibilidade mostrou que 4,2por cento dos detentos apresentaram isolados resistentes a isoniazida,enquanto 6,2por cento foram resistentes à rifampicina. Todos os isolados resistentes foram obtidos de presos bacilíferos, apontando para a possibilidade de transmissão intra-institucional. Nossos dados abrem portas para o entendimento da magnitude da tuberculose e o perfil de resistência às drogas do MT no sistema penitenciário do Estado de São Paulo.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a HIV-1-infected population from Southeastern Brazil in the HAART era.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate retrospectively the microbiological profile of Mycobacterium species isolated from HIV-infected patients attending the HIV/TB reference health care units in São José do Rio Preto, Brazil. METHOD: Retrospective evaluation of all HIV-1 positive patients whose IAL-SJRP laboratorial analysis was positive for Mycobacterium sp. after diagnosis of HIV Infection, from January 2000 to December 2006. RESULTS: Of 198 patients, acid-fast staining detected mycobacteria early in 41%. Culture revealed 52.5% to be infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MT). 42.4% had non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) and 5.1% had MT/NTM positive cultures. Eleven per cent of MT strains were resistant to at least one of the antimycobacterial drugs and 3.1% were multidrug resistant. 39.4% of isolated mycobacteria were NTM species. CONCLUSION: Our data may serve as a starting point for further comparisons with other Brazilian regions and other developing countries. The data may provide important clues to the future understanding, prevention and control of such co-infections around the world.

Gênero e as práticas de gestão nas melhores empresas para se trabalhar no Brasil / Gender and management practices at the best companies to work for in Brazil

O objetivo deste artigo é investigar práticas adotadas pelas empresas para o atendimento, atração e retenção das mulheres em seu quadro funcional. As organizações pesquisadas foram as 150 Melhores Empresas para Você Trabalhar. No aspecto metodológico, realizaram-se análises descritivas dos empregados e empresas, além de uma análise de conteúdo e descrição de frequências das práticas organizacionais. Enquanto algumas empresas negam as diferenças existentes entre homens e mulheres, outras adotam a perspectiva da valorização das diferenças, desenvolvendo ações, como: metas para contratação e promoção de mulheres, apoio ao equilíbrio entre vida familiar e carreira, e incentivo aos cuidados com a saúde. Constata-se que, ainda que o tema seja pauta de discussão e evolução na sociedade, as organizações têm desenvolvido de maneira lenta suas ações voltadas para esse público, mesmo aquelas que se destacam como as melhores para se trabalhar no Brasil.

The purpose of this article was to investigate the practices adopted by companies for the treatment, attraction, and retention of women in its staff. The companies researched were the 150 Best Companies to Work For. In the methodological aspect, descriptive analyses of employees and companies were performed, as well as a content analysis and a description of frequencies of organizational practices. While some companies deny the differences between men and women, others adopt the perspective of valuing the differences by performing actions such as: targets for hiring and promoting women, supporting the balance between family and career, incentives to health care. It can be noticed that, although the issue is in the agenda of discussions and developments in the society, the organizations have developed their actions geared towards this public very slowly, including those that stand out as the best places to work for in Brazil.

Tuberculose: revisão bibliográfica (PAP)

A tuberculose, doença causada pelo Mycobacterium tuberculosis é uma das enfermidades que mesmo sendo curável, causa aproximadamente três milhões de mortes, por ano, no mundo. A partir dos anos 80 houve aumento do número de casos da doença em todo o mundo e observou-se a relação deste com a epidemia da Aids. A tuberculose já foi considerada uma “doença romântica”, um “mal social”, acreditando - se também que era hereditária. Hoje se sabe que está associada às más condições de vida e o risco de infecção depende da oportunidade de inalar o bacilo. O diagnóstico laboratorial se dá pela busca de bacilos álcool- ácido- resistente em materiais biológicos, através da baciloscopia e cultura. Algumas técnicas novas estão sendo desenvolvidas, como vacinas e diagnóstico imunológico. Quanto à multiplicação do bacilo da tuberculose, existe uma divisão dada pelo tempo de crescimento das colônias: as de crescimento rápido e as de crescimento lento. Estão no último grupo as espécies do complexo M. tuberculosis e as denominadas micobactérias não tuberculosas (MNT). O tratamento é padronizado, existindo quatro esquemas, adequado à fase em que o paciente se encontra. Em 1953, foi publicado no Brasil o primeiro estudo sobre bacilos resistentes; sendo essa resistência o resultado da inter- relação do fenômeno da mutação espontânea e seleção de população predominantemente resistente. Estima-se que no mundo 1/3 da população esteja contaminada pelo M.tuberculosis e, no Brasil, cerca de 40 milhões de pessoas. A tuberculose é uma doença presente que exige uma mudança de mentalidade, seja na reformulação de políticas, no gerenciamento ou na assistência aos portadores da doença.