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O objetivo deste estudo foi estabelecer a relação entre o diagnóstico de depressão em mulheres vítimas de violência doméstica por meio da revisão sistemática de literatura e da metanálise. Foram realizadas buscas nas bases de dados Web of Science, PubMed e Scopus usando as seguintes palavras-chave: ("domestic violence" OR "intimate partner violence") AND (depression). É importante salientar que a metodologia segue o modelo PRISMA e utilizou o Software StArtpara o tratamento dos dados encontrados. Obteve-se uma amostra de 10 artigos internacionais em que foram discutidos os resultados obtidos pelos autores. Posteriormente, esses estudos foram sintetizados estatisticamente de modo a aumentar a precisão das informações. Os resultados mostraram que mulheres que sofrem violência doméstica estão mais sujeitas a desenvolver depressão em comparação com aquelas que não sofrem com a violência. Dessa forma, conclui-se que existem diversos fatores sociodemográficos e econômicos que contribuem para o agravamento da saúde mental e o diagnóstico de depressão
The objective of this study was to establish the relationship between the diagnosis of depression in women victims of domestic violence through a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Searches were carried out in the Web of Science, PubMed and Scopus databases using the following keywords: ("domestic violence" OR "intimate partner violence") AND (depression). It is important to highlight that the methodology follows the PRISMA model and used StArt Software to process the data found. A sample of 10 international articles was obtained in which the results obtained by the authors were discussed. Sub-sequently, these studies were statistically synthesized in order to increase the precision of the information. The results showed that women who suffer domestic violence are more likely to develop depression compared to those who do not suffer from violence. Therefore, it is concluded that there are several sociodemo-graphic and economic factors that contribute to the worsening of mental health and the diagnosis of depression
El objetivo de este estudio fue establecer la relación entre el diagnóstico de depresión en mujeres víctimas de violencia doméstica a través de una revisión sistemática de la literatura y un metanálisis. Las búsquedas se realizaron en las bases de datos Web of Science, PubMed y Scopus utilizando las siguientes palabras clave: ("domestic violencia" OR "intimate socioviolencia") AND (depresión). Es importante resaltar que la metodología sigue el modelo PRISMA y se utilizó el software StArt para procesar los datos encontrados. Se obtuvo una muestra de 10 artículos internacionales en los que se discutieron los resultados obtenidos por los autores. Posteriormente, estos estudios fueron sintetizados estadísticamente con el fin de aumentar la precisión de la información. Los resultados mostraron que las mujeres que sufren violencia doméstica tienen más probabilidades de desarrollar depresión en comparación con aquellas que no sufren violencia. Por lo tanto, se concluye que existen varios factores sociodemográficos y económicos que contribuyen al empeoramiento de la salud mental y al diagnóstico de depresión
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Humanos , Saúde Mental , Transtorno Depressivo , Violência por Parceiro ÍntimoRESUMO
Objetivo Avaliar os benefícios da abreviação de jejum pré-operatória em pacientes cirúrgicos oncológicos, analisando os sintomas apresentados no período pré-operatório, as complicações existentes no pós-operatório e o tempo de internação. Métodos O estudo é do tipo prospectivo, de coorte e observacional. Apresentou uma amostra de 208 pacientes que foram divididos entre grupo intervenção e grupo controle (que fizeram a abreviação de jejum pré-operatório, e que não fizeram, respectivamente) e teve como método de avaliação do estado nutricional o Índice de Massa Corpórea. Também foi analisado a incidência de fome e sede e foi utilizado uma escala analógica visual (EVA) para determinar náuseas e vômitos. Resultados O grupo que recebeu suplemento específico apresentou menor sensação de sede e fome com diferença muito significativa (p<0,000), porém, apresentou mais complicações pós-cirúrgicas (p = 0,002), maior tempo de internação (p < 0,000) e maior frequência de náuseas e vômitos, mas sem diferença significante (valor de p igual a 0,0666 e 0,365, respectivamente). Conclusão A ingesta de suplemento específico de rápida absorção em até duas horas no pré-operatório apresentou efeitos benéficos no conforto do paciente, diminuindo a sensação de fome e sede. No entanto, nesse estudo não houve melhora nas náuseas, complicações no pós-operatório e no tempo de internação
Objective To evaluate the benefits of the abbreviation for preoperative fasting in surgical oncology patients, analyzing the symptoms presented in the preoperative period, the existing complications in the postoperative period and the length of hospital stay. Methods The study is a prospective, cohort and observational study. It presented a sample of 208 patients who were divided into an intervention group and a control group (who abbreviated preoperative fasting and who did not, respectively) and had the Body Mass Index as a method of assessing nutritional status. The incidence of hunger and thirst was also analyzed and a visual analog scale (VAS) was used to determine nausea and vomiting. Results The group that received a specific supplement had less sensation of thirst and hunger with a very significant difference (p <0.000), however, it presented more post-surgical complications (p = 0.002), longer hospital stay (p <0.000) and greater frequency of nausea and vomiting, but with no significant difference (p-value equal to 0.066 and 0.365, respectively). Conclusion The intake of specific supplement with rapid absorption in up to two hours in the preoperative period had beneficial effects on the patient's comfort, reducing the sensation of hunger and thirst. However, in this study there was no improvement in nausea, complications in the postoperative period and length of stay
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Hesperozygis ringens is a plant of the Lamiaceae family which is restricted to the Southern region of Brazil. It is popularly used as an insecticide, but knowledge on it is very scarce. This study aimed to determine the chemical markers of H. ringens extracts obtained via ultrasound-assisted (UAE-EtOH) and supercritical fluid (SFE-CO2) extractions. UAE-EtOH and SFE-CO2 extracts were characterised by UPLC-MS and GC-MS, respectively. Both products had their antioxidant activity, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity evaluated. Twelve compounds were found in the UAE-EtOH extract, including phenolic acids and flavonoids; the SFE-CO2 extract contained terpenes and phytosterols. The UAE-EtOH extract showed a greater antioxidant activity. Neither extract presented cytotoxicity or genotoxicity against human mononuclear blood cells.
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Cromatografia com Fluido Supercrítico , Lamiaceae , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Cromatografia Líquida , Humanos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Espectrometria de Massas em TandemRESUMO
Ruellia angustiflora (Acanthaceae) is known as flower-of-fire, and its leaves are traditionally employed to promote wound healing. This study was aimed at extracting and characterizing the chemical constituents of the extracts of R. angustiflora obtained by ultrasound-assisted and supercritical fluid extractions, and subsequently investigate their antioxidant potential and cyto-genotoxicity. The extract obtained by ultrasound (UAE-EtOH) was characterized by ultraperformance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS), and the extract obtained via supercritical fluid (SFE-CO2) by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The antioxidant potential was verified by the antiradical activity against the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), and the cyto-genotoxicity evaluation to test cell viability and DNA damage was performed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) cultures. The SFE-CO2 extract presented some fatty acids, triterpenes, tetraterpenes, tocopherols and phytosterols. The UAE-EtOH extract contained phenolic acids and flavonoids, and showed the highest antioxidant capacity. Neither extract was genotoxic or cytotoxic at the tested concentrations.
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Acanthaceae , Antioxidantes , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Cromatografia Líquida , Dano ao DNA , Leucócitos Mononucleares , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Espectrometria de Massas em TandemRESUMO
O artigo apresenta e discute a Teoria da Psicologia do Trabalhar (TPT), demonstrando sua relevância para as teorias de carreira e sua pertinência no atual mundo do trabalho e contexto brasileiro. A TPT abarca a experiência de trabalhar de todas as pessoas, inclusive grupos em desvantagem socioeconômica e cultural, enfatizando múltiplos fatores contextuais que afetam o acesso e as experiências de trabalho. O trabalho decente é proposto como central para a teoria e discutem-se os preditores contextuais, mediadores psicológicos e econômicos, bem como os moderadores e os resultados que fundamentam a TPT. Este debate contribui com os desafios contemporâneos, trazendo implicações teóricas, para políticas públicas e para o campo da orientação profissional e de carreira.
This article presents and discusses the PWT (Psychology of Working Theory), highlighting its relevance for the career theories and its pertinence in the current working world and in the Brazilian context. The PWT proposition is to embrace the experience of working of all people, including groups at socioeconomic and cultural disadvantage, emphasizing multiple contextual factors that affect the access and experiences of work. Decent work is proposed as central to the theory, and contextual predictors, psychological and economical mediators are discussed, as well as the moderators and the outcomes that constitute the PWT. This debate contributes to the contemporary challenges, pointing out implications for theory, public policies and career guidance and counseling.
El propósito de este artículo es presentar y discutir la TPT (Teoría de la psicología del trabajo), demostrando su relevancia para las teorías de carrera y para el mundo laboral actual y el contexto brasileño. TPT propone adoptar la experiencia de trabajar para todas las personas, incluidos los grupos en desventaja socioeconómica y cultural, destacando los múltiples factores contextuales que afectan el acceso y las experiencias laborales. Propone el trabajo decente como elemento central de la teoría y discute los predictores contextuales, los mediadores psicológicos y económicos, así como los moderadores y los resultados que subyacen a la TPT. Este debate contribuye a los desafíos contemporáneos, trayendo implicaciones teóricas, para las políticas públicas y para el campo de la orientación profesional y de la carrera.
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Orientação , Psicologia , Política Pública , Justiça Social , Trabalho , Mentores , Aconselhamento , Vulnerabilidade a Desastres , Autonomia PessoalRESUMO
The nutritional status of patients submitted to hematopoietic stem cell transplant is considered an independent risk factor, which may influence on quality of life and tolerance to the proposed treatment. The impairment of nutritional status during hematopoietic stem cell transplant occurs mainly due to the adverse effects resulting from conditioning to which the patient is subjected. Therefore, adequate nutritional evaluation and follow-up during hematopoietic stem cell transplant are essential. To emphasize the importance of nutritional status and body composition during treatment, as well as the main characteristics related to the nutritional assessment of the patient, the Brazilian Consensus on Nutrition in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant: Adults was prepared, aiming to standardize and update Nutritional Therapy in this area. Dietitians, nutrition physicians and hematologists from 15 Brazilian centers thar are references in hematopoietic stem cell transplant took part.
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Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/normas , Terapia Nutricional/normas , Estado Nutricional , Adulto , Antropometria , Brasil , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Avaliação Nutricional , Terapia Nutricional/métodos , Nutrição Parenteral/métodos , Nutrição Parenteral/normas , Condicionamento Pré-TransplanteRESUMO
ABSTRACT The nutritional status of patients submitted to hematopoietic stem cell transplant is considered an independent risk factor, which may influence on quality of life and tolerance to the proposed treatment. The impairment of nutritional status during hematopoietic stem cell transplant occurs mainly due to the adverse effects resulting from conditioning to which the patient is subjected. Therefore, adequate nutritional evaluation and follow-up during hematopoietic stem cell transplant are essential. To emphasize the importance of nutritional status and body composition during treatment, as well as the main characteristics related to the nutritional assessment of the patient, the Brazilian Consensus on Nutrition in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant: Adults was prepared, aiming to standardize and update Nutritional Therapy in this area. Dietitians, nutrition physicians and hematologists from 15 Brazilian centers thar are references in hematopoietic stem cell transplant took part.
RESUMO O estado nutricional do paciente submetido ao transplante de células-tronco hematopoéticas é considerado fator de risco independente, podendo influenciar na qualidade de vida e na tolerância ao tratamento proposto. O comprometimento do estado nutricional durante o transplante de células-tronco hematopoéticas ocorre principalmente devido aos efeitos adversos decorrentes do condicionamento ao qual o paciente é submetido. Desta forma, a adequada avaliação nutricional e o acompanhamento durante o transplante de células-tronco hematopoéticas tornam-se imprescindíveis. Com o objetivo de salientar a importância do estado nutricional e da composição corporal durante o tratamento, bem como as principais características relacionadas à avaliação nutricional do paciente, o Consenso Brasileiro de Nutrição em Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoiéticas: Adulto foi elaborado visando uniformizar e atualizar a Terapia Nutricional nesta área. Com a participação de nutricionistas, nutrólogos e hematologistas de 15 centros brasileiros referências em transplante de células-tronco hematopoéticas
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Humanos , Adulto , Estado Nutricional , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/normas , Terapia Nutricional/normas , Brasil , Avaliação Nutricional , Antropometria , Nutrição Parenteral/métodos , Nutrição Parenteral/normas , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/efeitos adversos , Condicionamento Pré-Transplante , Terapia Nutricional/métodosRESUMO
Objetivo Analisar e comparar a qualidade microbiológica de frutas e hortaliças cruas e cozidas servidas em uma instituição oncológica. Métodos Para isso foram analisadas amostras de 10 alimentos na forma crua e cozida. As análises microbiológicas dos alimentos não apresentaram alterações que indicassem risco sanitário ao paciente. Resultados Houve alteração no valor de mesófilos totais do abacaxi cru, mostrando que é possível a contaminação pelos microrganismos indicadores higiênicos após a higienização do alimento, podendo ser pela manipulação inadequada após este procedimento ou superfícies de contato. Conclusão As análises microbiológicas revelaram que os alimentos crus podem ser consumidos por pacientes oncológicos e neutropênicos, pois não houve presença de micro-organismos indicadores sanitários que representassem alto risco à saúde e não apresentaram diferenças microbiológicas destes com os alimentos cozidos. As contagens de micro-organismos higiênicos se mantiveram dentro dos limites aceitáveis tanto para os alimentos crus quanto os cozidos
Objective To analyze and compare the microbiological quality of raw and cooked fruits and vegetables served at an oncological institution. Methods For this, 10 food samples were analyzed in raw and cooked form. The microbiological analyzes of the food did not present alterations that indicated health risk to the patient. Results There was a change in the total mesophyll value of raw pineapple, showing that it is possible to contaminate the hygienic indicator microorganisms after food hygiene, and may be due to improper handling after this procedure or contact surfaces. Conclusion Microbiological analysis revealed that raw foods can be consumed by oncology and neutropenic patients, as there were no micro-organisms that were health indicators that presented a high health risk and did not present microbiological differences with cooked food. The counts of hygienic microorganisms have remained within acceptable limits for both raw and cooked foods
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The aims of the current study were to examine differences in brain responses to cognitive control in stressed and non-stressed women managers. Stress complaints are highly prevalent among active workers and play an important role in women managers mental health and cognitive functioning. Psychosocial stress has been associated with differential executive functions in this population, but little is known about the neural correlates underlying such differences. We examined brain responses of a particular group of workers that has been proposed to have a different response to stress as a function of their status (i.e., managers). Stressed (n = 19) and non-stressed women managers (n = 21) were scanned using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during the performance of a cognitively demanding task. We used the Stroop color-word task to compare neural activation associated with the suppression of a predominant response tendency (i.e., word reading) and the initiation of an appropriate behavior alternative (i.e., naming word color). Despite similar behavioral performances, stressed managers exhibited increased activation in the occipital cortex during response inhibition. No regions were more activated in the non-stressed relative to the stressed group. This finding of greater activation has been interpreted as compensatory brain response to maintain performance in front of cognitive challenge.
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Função Executiva/fisiologia , Liderança , Estresse Ocupacional/diagnóstico por imagem , Adulto , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estresse Psicológico , Teste de StroopRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Women have been assuming more responsibilities and higher positions in major companies, which exposes them to high levels of stress. Higher perceived work stress is related to higher emotional reactivity. Difficulties with emotional regulation can lead to anxiety and mood disorders, which are more prevalent in women than men. Indeed, women leaders are more likely to experience emotional fatigue than men due to excessive empathy. Our aim was to evaluate the associations between self-compassion (SC) scores to depression symptoms, perceived stress and mindfulness, as well as with brain responses to high-arousal unpleasant and pleasant pictures from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS), as measured through functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) in women managers. METHODS: Forty-six participants were selected for the study. All participants filled the Self Compassion Scale (SCS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Mindful Awareness Attention Scale (MAAS) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). After that they were scanned during an fMRI affective response paradigm. Correlation analysis were performed among these variables. RESULTS: Our data suggest that women with higher SC scores respond to affective stimuli with higher activation of the precuneus (a brain region related to self-referential processing), lower levels of stress and depression and show greater attention in everyday activities. CONCLUSION: SC may be an important characteristic for women leaders because of its association with higher sensitivity to emotional stimuli and mindfulness. These skills may allow them to be more aware of others while being less susceptible for stress and depression symptoms.
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Adaptação Psicológica , Pessoal Administrativo/psicologia , Transtorno Depressivo/prevenção & controle , Empatia , Autoimagem , Estresse Psicológico/prevenção & controle , Adulto , Brasil , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Olea europaea L., popularly known as olive, is a plant widely used worldwide. Its leaves, fruit and oil are extensively consumed and present important pharmacological properties. However, studies regarding the toxicity of olive leaves are still limited in the literature. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate acute and subacute oral toxicities of the ethanolic extract of olive leaves (EEO) in Wistar rats through histopathology and biochemical and hematological parameters. Acute toxicity was assessed using a single dose of 2000â¯mg/kg of EEO administered by oral gavage to male and female rats. To assess subacute toxicity, EEO was administered during 28 days at different doses (100, 200 and 400â¯mg/kg) to male and female rats. At the end of the experiments, the liver and kidney were removed and examined microscopically, and blood was collected for hematological and biochemical parameters. A single dose of 2000â¯mg/kg did not induce mortality or any signs of toxicity among the animals treated. Animals exposed to EEO during 28 days did not present sign of abnormalities. Results demonstrated that EEO did not induce toxicity after exposure to single and repeated doses. However, more studies are needed to fully understand implications for human safety.
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Olea , Extratos Vegetais/toxicidade , Folhas de Planta/química , Animais , Etanol/química , Feminino , Masculino , Ratos Wistar , Solventes/química , Testes de Toxicidade Aguda , Testes de Toxicidade SubagudaRESUMO
ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to provide an overview on the chemical composition of triterpenes in widespread used folk medicine species, through the development and validation of eleven compounds using HPLC-UV detection. The compounds were separated using isocratic elution, on a reverse phase column (Kinetex C18, 250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile:tetrahydrofuran (90:10, v/v), flow-rate of 0.5 ml/min and detection in 210 nm. Diverse validation parameters were successfully evaluated. The samples of Bauhinia variegata L., B. variegata var. candida Voigt, Fabaceae, Cecropia palmata Willd. and C. obtusa Trécul, Urticaceae, collected in 2012, 2013 and 2014 from Amazon were treated with two different solvents (ethyl acetate and chloroform) and analyzed by the proposed method. Stigmasterol, lupeol, β-sitosterol, β-amirin and α-amirin were found in all the studied plants. Highlighting the presence of oleanolic acid, maslinic acid in C. obtusa and C. palmata extracts, erythrodiol only in C. palmata, stigmasteol in B. variegata and α-amirin in B. variegata var. candida. Overall, ethyl acetate showed better performance as the extractor solvent than chloroform. Moreover, it could be used for the quality control of medicinal plants and to assess potential marker compounds.
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Objetivo: estimar a prevalência de cirurgias em idosos. Método: estudo transversal, de base hospitalar, constituído a partir dos mapas de procedimentos cirúrgicos. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se instrumento contendo idade, sexo e tipo de cirurgia. Resultados: a amostra foi composta por 723 cirurgias. A média deidade foi de 71,51 anos, sendo que 374 (51,7%) eram idosos do sexo masculino e 349 (48,3%), do sexo feminino. As cirurgias com maior prevalência foram: ressecção de câncer basocelular (18%), revascularizações(7,5%) e colicistectomia (6,2%). Conclusão: grande parte das cirurgias nesta população é consequência de exposição a fatores de risco previsíveis, o que torna fundamental o planejamento do cuidado e pesquisas com foco na prevenção e promoção da saúde.
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Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Dinâmica Populacional , Estudos Transversais , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Operatórios , Saúde do Idoso , Prevenção de Doenças , Promoção da SaúdeRESUMO
ABSTRACT The phenolic content of the medicinal species Connarus perrottetti var. angustifolius Radlk., Connaraceae, Cecropia obtuse Trécul, Cecropia palmata Willd., Urticaceae; and Mansoa alliacea (Lam.) A.H.Gentry, Bignoniaceae, collected in three different years was evaluated. Plant infusions and hydroalcoholic, butanol and ethyl acetate extracts were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection. In order to endorse these results, analysis by electrospray mass spectrometry was also performed. Were identified: gallic acid, catechin, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, rutin, quercitrin and resveratrol. C. perrottetti showed greater diversity of polyphenols. M. alliacea had the higher concentration of caffeic acid even though it was found in all species. Catechin was the major antioxidant, but was not detected in M. alliacea. However, we discuss the popular use of these species, as well as their phenolic constitution and the interannual distribution of phenolic compounds.
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ABSTRACT Objective: to understanding the reasons why members of a Mutual Help Group for family caregivers of older adults with Dementia participate in it and to identify the difficulties and benefits of such participation. Method: a qualitative exploratory descriptive study with data collected through observation and interviews with nine family caregivers, five family volunteers and five health professionals from the group. Data analysis involved content analysis and theoretical support of the Cultural Care Theory. Results: the respondents pointed out their reasons for seeking the group and the benefits they perceived from participating in it. However, difficulties to participate continuously in the group faced by both family caregivers and volunteers were also evidenced. Nontheless, all of them valued the possibility of being part of this group. Conclusion: the Mutual Help Group has proven to be an important supportive strategy for family caregivers of older adults with dementia, however, much remains to be done in order to make this strategy feasible for all families. Among the difficulties identified for maintaining the group are voluntary work and a way to attract more people to this work.
RESUMEN Objetivo: comprender los motivos por los cuales los integrantes de un Grupo de Ayuda Mutua a cuidadores familiares de adultos mayores con demencia participan del mismo e identificar las dificultades y los beneficios de esta participación. Métodos: investigación cualitativa, exploratoria y descriptiva, cuyos datos fueron recolectados por medio de observación y entrevistas con nueve cuidadores familiares, cinco familiares voluntarios y cinco profesionales de salud integrantes de este grupo. El análisis de los datos envolvió el análisis de contenido y el soporte teórico surgió de la Teoría del Cuidado Cultural. Resultados: los informantes apuntaron los motivos para buscar el grupo y los beneficios que percibían a partir de su participación en el mismo. Sin embargo, las dificultades para participar continuamente tanto por los cuidadores familiares como por los voluntarios, también fueron evidenciadas. Además, todos ellos valorizaron la posibilidad de formar parte del grupo. Conclusión: el grupo de ayuda mutua reveló una importante estrategia de soporte para los cuidadores familiares de adultos mayores con demencia, sin embargo, hay mucho que hacer aun para tornar esta estrategia viable para todas las familias. Entre las dificultades apuntadas para el mantenimiento del grupo es el trabajo voluntario y la forma de atraer más personas para este trabajo.
RESUMO Objetivo: compreender os motivos pelos quais os integrantes de um Grupo de Ajuda Mútua a cuidadores familiares de pessoas idosas com Demências participam do mesmo e identificar as dificuldades e os benefícios dessa participação. Método: pesquisa qualitativa exploratória descritiva, cujos dados foram coletados por meio de observação e entrevistas com nove cuidadores familiares, cinco familiares voluntários e cinco profissionais da saúde integrantes deste grupo. A análise dos dados envolveu a análise de conteúdo e suporte teórico da Teoria do Cuidado Cultural. Resultados: os informantes apontaram os motivos para buscar o grupo e os benefícios que percebiam a partir de sua participação no mesmo. No entanto, as dificuldades para participar continuamente do grupo, enfrentadas tanto pelos cuidadores familiares como pelos voluntários, também foram evidenciadas. Porém todos eles valorizaram a possibilidade de fazer parte desse grupo. Conclusão: o Grupo de Ajuda Mútua revelou-se uma importânte estratégia de suporte para cuidadores familiares de idosos com demência, no entanto, muito ainda há para ser feito a fim de tornar essa estratégia viável a todas as famílias. Entre as dificuldades apontadas para manutenção do grupo é o trabalho voluntário e a forma de atrair mais pessoas para esse trabalho.
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Humanos , Idoso , Grupos de Autoajuda , Voluntários , Enfermagem , Cuidadores , DemênciaRESUMO
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Ethnopharmacological studies are important tools as records and documentation of the empirical uses of medicinal plants in traditional communities with the purpose of generating useful knowledge to lead to the development of new medicines, biodiversity conservation and enhancement of knowledge and local culture. Poikilacanthus glandulosus is widely used by the population of City of Santiago, in Brazil, nevertheless, it does not have any validation regarding its use and its medicinal effects. AIM: The objective of this study was to perform one ethnopharmacological survey about P. glandulosus in the City of Santiago and determine the anti-inflammatory activity in order to prove its uses in popular medicine. METHODS: Personal and ethnopharmacological data were collected through a prepared questionnaire. The phytochemical analysis was performed observing the individual methodology for each reaction and by HPLC-UV. The antiedematogenic and anti-inflammatory (cell infiltration and histological procedure) activities of the P. glandulosus (0.01-1000µg/ear) were evaluated in the ear edema model induced by topical application of croton oil. RESULTS: P. glandulosus is known in City of Santiago as "Gaiana" and its macerated leaves and branches are prepared with alcohol or sugarcane liquor especially for insect bites, cicatrization and inflammation. HPLC analysis revealed the presence of maslinic acid (2.024±0.10mg/g), uvaol (0.124±0.02mg/g) and sitosterol (0.502±0.05mg/g). The topical application of crude extract of P. glandulosus reduced in a dose-dependent manner the croton oil-induced ear edema and myeloperoxidase activity (neutrophils infiltration marker) with maximum inhibition of 87±2% and 64±12%, respectively at 1000µg/ear. Dexamethasone (100µg/ear), used as a positive control, inhibited croton oil-induced ear edema in 89±3% and decreased myeloperoxidase activity in 50±3%. Both P. glandulosus as dexamethasone reduced cell infiltration when evaluated by histological procedure CONCLUSION: This work allowed us to understand the specie P. glandulosus through ethnopharmacological study and it showed that the crude extract presented antiedematogenic and anti-inflammatory actions, proving their traditional use as anti-inflammatory.
Assuntos
Acanthaceae , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Fármacos Dermatológicos/farmacologia , Edema/tratamento farmacológico , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Óleo de Cróton/efeitos adversos , Edema/induzido quimicamente , Edema/etnologia , Etnofarmacologia , HumanosRESUMO
Estudo transversal, exploratório descritivo, realizado no período de março a julho de 2012, cujo objetivo foi investigar aspectos da independência funcional das pessoas adstritas a um centro de saúde de um distrito sanitário em Florianópolis. A amostra foi de 33 pessoas indicadas pela equipe da Estratégia de Saúde da Família como dependentes. Os dados foram coletados no domicílio por meio de formulário com perguntas sócio-demográficas e aplicação da escala denominada Medida de Independência Funcional, para verificação da medida de independência funcional. Para análise dos dados utilizou-se a estatística descritiva univariada. Os resultados demonstram que a população é feminina (55%), na faixa etária entre 60 e 79 anos. A totalidade das pessoas referiu dependência especialmente para locomoção, o que em alguns casos pode-se caracterizar como deficiência em função da presença de paresia. Conclui-se que a deficiência e a dependência estão correlacionadas, sendo importante a aplicação da Medida de Independência Funcional nos serviços de Atenção Primária a Saúde para o planejamento do cuidado às pessoas dependentes. O projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa - plataforma Brasil sob número 41129.
Cross-sectional, exploratory and descriptive study that was performed from March to July, 2012. Its aim was to investigate aspects of the functional independence from people ascribed to a health center, at a health district in Florianopolis. The sample consisted of 33 people nominated by the Family Health Strategy staff as dependents. Data was collected at home by using a questionnaire with socio-demographic questions and the application of the Functional Independence Mesure scale to verify the functional independence measure. For data analysis, it was used the univariate descriptive statistics. The results show the population is female (55%), aged between 60 and 79 years. The total number of persons reported dependence especially for locomotion, which in some cases it can be characterized as a disability due to the presence of paresis. It is concluded that disability and dependency are correlated, and it is important to implement the Functional Independence Measure in the services with Primary Health Care, to the planning of care for dependent persons. The project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee - platform Brazil under the number 41129.
Estudio transversal, exploratorio y descriptivo, realizado entre Marzo y Julio del 2012, cuyo objetivo fue investigar aspectos de la independencia funcional de las personas registradas en un centro de salud de un distrito sanitario en Florianópolis. La muestra fue de 33 personas indicadas por el equipe de la Estrategia Salud de la Familia como dependientes. Los datos fueron obtenidos en el domicílio, por medio de un formulario con preguntas socio-demográficas y la aplicación de la escala Medida de Independencia Funcional para la verificación de la medida de independencia funcional. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó la estadística descriptiva univariada. Los resultados demuestran que la población es femenina (55%) y está en la franja etaria entre 60 y 79 años. La totalidad de las personas se refirió a la dependencia especialmente para la locomoción, lo que en algunos casos se puede caracterizar como deficiencia en función de la presencia de paresia. Se concluye que la deficiencia y la dependencia están correlacionadas, siendo importante la aplicación de la Medida de Independencia Funcional en los servicios de Atención Primaria para la Salud y para el planeamiento del cuidado de personas dependientes. El proyecto fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación - plataforma Brasil bajo el número 41129.
Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Gravidez , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Estudos Transversais , Pessoas com DeficiênciaRESUMO
Descrevemos retrospectivamente a detecção de Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MT) e o seu perfil de suscetibilidade entre detentos de três presídios da região de São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. Entre 2003 e 2006 foram avaliados 1.070 detentos com suspeita de tuberculose (TB). A positividadedo Mycobacterium sp. foi avaliada pela baciloscopia e cultura. A análise estatística foi realizada utilizando o Epi Info e BioEstat. Não houve diferença significante nos resultados positivos entre as três unidades penitenciárias. Foi encontrado um percentual de 6,9por cento de positividade para MT e operfil de sensibilidade mostrou que 4,2por cento dos detentos apresentaram isolados resistentes a isoniazida,enquanto 6,2por cento foram resistentes à rifampicina. Todos os isolados resistentes foram obtidos de presos bacilíferos, apontando para a possibilidade de transmissão intra-institucional. Nossos dados abrem portas para o entendimento da magnitude da tuberculose e o perfil de resistência às drogas do MT no sistema penitenciário do Estado de São Paulo.
Assuntos
Humanos , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Prisioneiros , Prisões , Resistência a Medicamentos , Tuberculose/transmissão , BrasilRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate retrospectively the microbiological profile of Mycobacterium species isolated from HIV-infected patients attending the HIV/TB reference health care units in São José do Rio Preto, Brazil. METHOD: Retrospective evaluation of all HIV-1 positive patients whose IAL-SJRP laboratorial analysis was positive for Mycobacterium sp. after diagnosis of HIV Infection, from January 2000 to December 2006. RESULTS: Of 198 patients, acid-fast staining detected mycobacteria early in 41%. Culture revealed 52.5% to be infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MT). 42.4% had non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) and 5.1% had MT/NTM positive cultures. Eleven per cent of MT strains were resistant to at least one of the antimycobacterial drugs and 3.1% were multidrug resistant. 39.4% of isolated mycobacteria were NTM species. CONCLUSION: Our data may serve as a starting point for further comparisons with other Brazilian regions and other developing countries. The data may provide important clues to the future understanding, prevention and control of such co-infections around the world.