Modern state of problem of delivery of medicines with use of erythrocytes as cell-carriers.

Erythrocytes are prospective carriers of wide range of medicines and other biologically active agents. Main peculiarity and advantage of erythrocytes as carriers of medicines is their absolute bio-compatibility and ability for long circulation in an organism. While growing old these cells undergo natural process of biodegradation. Relatively inactive endocellular environment protects carried medicine from being inactivated by different endogenous factors. At the present time different methods of loading medicines in erythrocytes are used: electroporation, induced endocytosis, osmotic pulse hematolysis, hypotonic hematolysis. Most of these methods are based on the ability of these cells for reversible deformation of the surface without changing area of surface. Introduction of medicines in erythrocytes can be conducted in natural way as a result of their sorption on cell membrane. Different medicines can be used as the objects for targeted transport: antibiotics, antineoplastic drugs, corticosteroids, peptides, enzymes etc. extracorporeal pharmacotherapy with use of erythrocytes as carriers can be applied in the treatment of different diseases. Range of used medicines and provided possibilities is quite wide at a present time, but further development of this direction is very prospective. The aim of the authors was to outline a common concept of the potential of erythrocytes as universal transportation means of medicines for therapy of different pathological conditions.

Role of Endogenous Factors in Response of Erythrocyte Membrane in Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases under Conditions of Ischemic Exposure.

We studied specific features of erythrocyte membrane response to short-term occlusion of the brachial artery in patients with cardiovascular pathology. Under ischemic conditions, processes of sorption were primarily intensified in patients with effort angina and processes of hemoglobin binding with erythrocyte membrane predominated in patients with essential hypertension. These changes in the cell membrane were related to modulation of aggregation properties of erythrocytes (in patients with angina) and plasminogen activity (in patients with essential hypertension). They can also be associated with changes in glucose levels (effort angina) and uric acid (essential hypertension) whose effects can be significantly modified by other endogenous factors.

[Structural and Functional Properties of Vascular Endothelium].

We have summarized in this paper main conceptions on structure and function of vascular endothelium with special attention to the role of caveolae both in regulation of function of endothelium itself and transvesicular transport of metabolic substrates. We have also described the role of shear stress in activation of vascular endothelium and putative mechanisms of its action.

Protective effect of transplantation of neonatal liver cell nuclei on the model of acute toxic hepatitis.

We present the results of comparative analysis of functional and morphological changes in the liver of animals with experimental CCl(4)-induced hepatitis under conditions of transplantation of neonatal liver cells and nuclei. It was found that transplantation of neonatal liver cell nuclei in acute toxic hepatitis provides better functional and structural state of the target organ.

Effect of cell transplantation on induction of heat shock proteins in damaged heart.

Variations in the amount of heat shock proteins of various classes in the damaged myocardium of rats were studied after xenogeneic transplantation of heart cells.