Multi-ion-doped nano-hydroxyapatite-coated titanium intramedullary pins for long bone fracture repair in dogs-Clinical evaluation.

Plasma spray nano-hydroxyapatite-coated titanium intramedullary implants doped either with 5% zinc, 2.5% strontium, and 2.5% fluorine ions or with 5% zinc, 5% strontium, and 2.5% silver ions were evaluated compared with plasma spray nano-hydroxyapatite-coated titanium intramedullary implant and uncoated titanium intramedullary implants for open reduction and internal immobilization in 24 clinical cases of long bone fracture repair in dogs. Fracture-healing limb outcome was evaluated clinically, that is, radiographically. Biochemical estimation of serum calcium, serum phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and bone markers (bone ALP [BALP] and C-telopeptide of type 1 collagen [CTX]) was carried out on 0th day, 3rd week, 6th, and 9th week postoperatively. Multi-ion-doped plasma spray nano-hydroxyapatite-coated titanium intramedullary implants were found to be superior to plasma spray nano-hydroxyapatite-coated titanium intramedullary implants and uncoated titanium intramedullary implants in terms of all the parameters studied. Using plasma spray nano-hydroxyapatite-coated titanium implants doped with multi ions, that is, 5% zinc, 5% strontium, and 2.5% silver gave the best results in fracture repair followed by the implants doped with 5% zinc, 2.5% strontium, and 2.5% fluorine ions. Earliest and excellent limb usage with no postoperative complications was the hallmark of the use of these multi-ion-doped implants with higher serum calcium, serum phosphorus, ALP, BALP, and CTX values up to 3rd postoperative week and no lameness on the 21st day.

Efficacy of BCG vaccine and Mitomycin C for the treatment of ocular squamous cell carcinoma in bovines.

Bovine ocular squamous cell carcinoma (BOSCC) also called cancer eye, represents the most economically important neoplasm in large animals. Hereditary factors, environmental factors, lack of eyelid pigmentation, age and dietary habits have all been reported to play a role in the etiopathogenesis of bovine ocular squamous cell carcinoma. In group I, six animals with small, localized eye cancer where vision was not affected were included and subjected to intralesional injection of Bacillus Calmette- Guerin (BCG) vaccine at 0, 14, 35, and 56 days interval. In group II (six animals), surgical excision and Mitomycin C 0.04% topically on alternate weeks for two months as adjunctive therapy. All the animals recovered completely with no recurrence for a follow up period of one year.