Evaluation of biomarkers related to zinc nutritional status, antioxidant activity and oxidative stress in rheumatoid arthritis patients.

BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress (OS) is an important process related to the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis and can be increased by the low intake of antioxidants. Zinc (Zn) is an important antioxidant trace-element for human health and the assessment of the nutritional status of this micronutrient in these patients is of relevance. AIM: This study aimed to evaluate Zn nutritional status in rheumatoid arthritis patients and its relation to OS. METHODS: A case-control study was carried out with 51 patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA group) recruited in Hospital São Paulo (São Paulo, Brazil) and 55 healthy women (CO group) from the campus of the University of São Paulo. Blood and 24-hour urine collection were used for biochemical parameters related to Zn status and OS. The assessment of dietary Zn was performed by three 24-hour dietary recalls. RESULTS: The RA group presented significative low Zn intake (p < 0.001) and plasma concentration (p = 0.040) of this mineral compared to the CO group. However, both groups were Zn deficient and the disease activity (DAS28 score) for RA patients did not influence Zn biomarkers. In addition, the antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) activity and the urinary 8-isoprostanes were reduced in RA patients. CONCLUSION: The evaluation of dietary intake and biochemical biomarkers indicates that rheumatoid arthritis patients are zinc deficient and have increased OS.

Treatment data from the Brazilian fibromyalgia registry (EpiFibro).

BACKGROUND: EpiFibro (Brazilian Epidemiological Study of Fibromyalgia) was created to study patients with fibromyalgia (FM). Patients were included since 2011 according to the classification criteria for FM of the American College of Rheumatology of 1990 (ACR1990). OBJECTIVE: To analyze the therapeutic measures prescribed by Brazilian physicians. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study of a multicenter cohort. The therapeutic measures were described using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: We analyzed 456 patients who had complete data in the registry. The mean age was 54.0 ± 11.9 years; 448 were women (98.2%). Almost all patients (98.4%) used medications, 62.7% received health education, and less than half reported practicing physical exercise; these modalities were often used in combination. Most patients who practiced exercises practiced aerobic exercise only, and a significant portion of patients combined it with flexibility exercises. The most commonly used medication was amitriptyline, followed by cyclobenzaprine, and a minority used medication specifically approved for FM, such as duloxetine and pregabalin, either alone or in combination. Combinations of two or three medications were observed, with the combination of fluoxetine and amitriptyline being the most frequent (18.8%). CONCLUSION: In this evaluation of the care of patients with FM in Brazil, it was found that the majority of patients are treated with a combination of pharmacological measures. Non-pharmacological methods are underused, with aerobic exercise being the most commonly practiced exercise type. The most commonly prescribed single drug was amitriptyline, and the most commonly prescribed combination was fluoxetine and amitriptyline. Drugs specifically approved for FM are seldom prescribed.

Treatment data from the Brazilian fibromyalgia registry (EpiFibro)

Abstract Background: EpiFibro (Brazilian Epidemiological Study of Fibromyalgia) was created to study patients with fibromyalgia (FM). Patients were included since 2011 according to the classification criteria for FM of the American College of Rheumatology of 1990 (ACR1990). Objective: To analyze the therapeutic measures prescribed by Brazilian physicians. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study of a multicenter cohort. The therapeutic measures were described using descriptive statistics. Results: We analyzed 456 patients who had complete data in the registry. The mean age was 54.0 ± 11.9 years; 448 were women (98.2%). Almost all patients (98.4%) used medications, 62.7% received health education, and less than half reported practicing physical exercise; these modalities were often used in combination. Most patients who practiced exercises practiced aerobic exercise only, and a significant portion of patients combined it with flexibility exercises. The most commonly used medication was amitriptyline, followed by cyclobenzaprine, and a minority used medication specifically approved for FM, such as duloxetine and pregabalin, either alone or in combination. Combinations of two or three medications were observed, with the combination of fluoxetine and amitriptyline being the most frequent (18.8%). Conclusion: In this evaluation of the care of patients with FM in Brazil, it was found that the majority of patients are treated with a combination of pharmacological measures. Non-pharmacological methods are underused, with aerobic exercise being the most commonly practiced exercise type. The most commonly prescribed single drug was amitriptyline, and the most commonly prescribed combination was fluoxetine and amitriptyline. Drugs specifically approved for FM are seldom prescribed.(AU)

Burden of rheumatoid arthritis on patients' work productivity and quality of life.

BACKGROUND: To determine the burden of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) on patients' work productivity and health related quality of life (HRQoL), and examine the influence of several exposure variables; to analyze the progression of RA over 1 year and its impact on work productivity and HRQoL. METHODS: International multicenter prospective survey including patients in 18 centers in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia and Mexico with diagnosis of RA and aged between 21-55 years. The following standard questionnaires were completed at baseline and throughout a 1-year follow-up: WPAI:RA, WALS, WLQ-25, EQ-5D-3 L and SF-36. Clinical and demographic variables were also collected through interview. RESULTS: The study enrolled 290 patients on baseline visit. Overall mean scores at baseline visit were: WPAI:RA (presenteeism) = 29.5% (SD = 28.8%); WPAI:RA (absenteeism) = 9.0% (SD = 23.2%); WPAI:RA (absenteeism and presenteeism) = 8.6% (SD = 22.6%); WALS = 9.0 (SD = 6.1); WLQ-25 = 7.0% (SD = 5.1%); SF-36 Physical Scale = 39.1 (SD = 10.3) and Mental Scale = 45.4 (SD = 11.3); EQ-5D-3 L VAS = 69.8 (SD = 20.4) and EQ-5D-3 L index = 0.67 (SD = 0.23). Higher educational levels were associated with better results in WLQ-25, while previous orthopedic surgeries reduced absenteeism results of WPAI:RA and work limitations in WLQ-25. Higher disease duration was associated with decreased HRQoL. Intensification of disease activity was associated with decreased work productivity and HRQoL, except in WLQ-25. In the longitudinal analysis, worsening in disease activity was associated with a decrease in both work productivity and HRQoL. CONCLUSIONS: RA patients are dealing with workplace disabilities and limitations and loss in HRQoL, and multiple factors seems to be associated with this. Worsening of disease activity further decreased work productivity and HRQoL, stressing the importance of disease tight control.

Burden of rheumatoid arthritis on patients' work productivity and quality of life

Abstract Background: To determine the burden of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) on patients' work productivity and health related quality of life (HRQoL), and examine the influence of several exposure variables; to analyze the progression of RA over 1 year and its impact on work productivity and HRQoL. Methods: International multicenter prospective survey including patients in 18 centers in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia and Mexico with diagnosis of RA and aged between 21-55 years. The following standard questionnaires were completed at baseline and throughout a 1-year follow-up: WPAI:RA, WALS, WLQ-25, EQ-5D-3 L and SF-36. Clinical and demographic variables were also collected through interview. Results: The study enrolled 290 patients on baseline visit. Overall mean scores at baseline visit were: WPAI:RA (presenteeism) = 29.5% (SD = 28.8%); WPAI:RA (absenteeism) = 9.0% (SD = 23.2%); WPAI:RA (absenteeism and presenteeism) = 8.6% (SD = 22.6%); WALS = 9.0 (SD = 6.1); WLQ-25 = 7.0% (SD = 5.1%); SF-36 Physical Scale = 39.1 (SD = 10.3) and Mental Scale = 45.4 (SD = 11.3); EQ-5D-3 L VAS = 69.8 (SD = 20.4) and EQ-5D-3 L index = 0.67 (SD = 0.23). Higher educational levels were associated with better results in WLQ-25, while previous orthopedic surgeries reduced absenteeism results of WPAI:RA and work limitations in WLQ-25. Higher disease duration was associated with decreased HRQoL. Intensification of disease activity was associated with decreased work productivity and HRQoL, except in WLQ-25. In the longitudinal analysis, worsening in disease activity was associated with a decrease in both work productivity and HRQoL. Conclusions: RA patients are dealing with workplace disabilities and limitations and loss in HRQoL, and multiple factors seems to be associated with this. Worsening of disease activity further decreased work productivity and HRQoL, stressing the importance of disease tight control.

[Safe use of biological therapies for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritides]. / Segurança do uso de terapias biológicas para o tratamento de artrite reumatoide e espondiloartrites.

The treatment of autoimmune rheumatic diseases has gradually improved over the last half century, which has been expanded with the contribution of biological therapies or immunobiopharmaceuticals. However, we must be alert to the possibilities of undesirable effects from the use of this class of medications. The Brazilian Society of Rheumatology (Sociedade Brasileira de Reumatologia/SBR) produced a document based on a comprehensive literature review on the safety aspects of this class of drugs, specifically with regard to the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and spondyloarthritides. The themes selected by the participating experts, on which considerations have been established as the safe use of biological drugs, were: occurrence of infections (bacterial, viral, tuberculosis), infusion reactions, hematological, neurological, gastrointestinal and cardiovascular reactions, neoplastic events (solid tumors and hematologic neoplasms), immunogenicity, other occurrences and vaccine response. For didactic reasons, we opted by elaborating a summary of safety assessment in accordance with the previous themes, by drug class/mechanism of action (tumor necrosis factor antagonists, T-cell co-stimulation blockers, B-cell depletors and interleukin-6 receptor blockers). Separately, general considerations on safety in the use of biologicals in pregnancy and lactation were proposed. This review seeks to provide a broad and balanced update of that clinical and experimental experience pooled over the last two decades of use of immunobiological drugs for RA and spondyloarthritides treatment.

Segurança do uso de terapias biológicas para o tratamento de artrite reumatoide e espondiloartrites / Safe use of biological therapies for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritides

O tratamento das doenças reumáticas autoimunes sofreu uma progressiva melhora ao longo da última metade do século passado, que foi expandida com a contribuição das terapias biológicas ou imunobiológicos. No entanto, há que se atentar para as possibilidades de efeitos indesejáveis advindos da utilização dessa classe de medicações. A Sociedade Brasileira de Reumatologia (SBR) elaborou um documento, baseado em ampla revisão da literatura, sobre os aspectos relativos à segurança dessa classe de fármacos, mais especificamente no que diz respeito ao tratamento da artrite reumatoide (AR) e das espondiloartrites. Os temas selecionados pelos especialistas participantes, sobre os quais foram estabelecidas considerações quanto à segurança do uso de drogas biológicas, foram: ocorrência de infecções (bacterianas, virais, tuberculose), reações infusionais, reações hematológicas, neurológicas, gastrointestinais, cardiovasculares, ocorrências neoplásicas (neoplasias sólidas e da linhagem hematológica), imunogenicidade, outras ocorrências e reposta vacinal. Optou-se, por motivos didáticos, por se fazer um resumo da avaliação de segurança, de acordo com os tópicos anteriores, por classe de drogas/mecanismo de ação (antagonistas do fator de necrose tumoral, bloqueador da co-estimulação do linfócito T, depletor de linfócito B e bloqueador do receptor de interleucina-6). Em separado, foram tecidas considerações gerais sobre segurança do uso de biológicos na gravidez e na lactação. Esta revisão procura oferecer uma atualização ampla e equilibrada das experiências clínica e experimental acumuladas nas últimas duas décadas de uso de medicamentos imunobiológicos para o tratamento da AR e espondiloartrites.

The treatment of autoimmune rheumatic diseases has gradually improved over the last half century, which has been expanded with the contribution of biological therapies or immunobiopharmaceuticals. However, we must be alert to the possibilities of undesirable effects from the use of this class of medications. The Brazilian Society of Rheumatology (Sociedade Brasileira de Reumatologia) produced a document based on a comprehensive literature review on the safety aspects of this class of drugs, specifically with regard to the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritides. The themes selected by the participating experts, on which considerations have been established as the safe use of biological drugs, were: occurrence of infections (bacterial, viral, tuberculosis), infusion reactions, hematological, neurological, gastrointestinal and cardiovascular reactions, neoplastic events (solid tumors and hematologic neoplasms), immunogenicity, other occurrences and vaccine response. For didactic reasons, we opted by elaborating a summary of safety assessment in accordance with the previous themes, by drug class/mechanism of action (tumor necrosis factor antagonists, T-cell co-stimulation blockers, B-cell depletors and interleukin-6 receptor blockers). Separately, general considerations on safety in the use of biologicals in pregnancy and lactation were proposed. This review seeks to provide a broad and balanced update of that clinical and experimental experience pooled over the last two decades of use of immunobiological drugs for RA and spondyloarthritides treatment.

Effects of physical exercise on serum levels of serotonin and its metabolite in fibromyalgia: a randomized pilot study.

To evaluate the effects of aerobic training and stretching on serum levels of serotonin (5HT) and its main metabolite 5-hydroxindolacetic acid (5HIAA). Twenty-two women with FM were randomized into one of two exercise modalities (aerobic walking exercise or stretching exercise) to be accomplished three times a week for 20 weeks. The serum levels of 5HT and 5HIAA were evaluated before and after the exercise program by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with colorimetric detection. Within group analysis (pre-post) showed that serum levels of both 5HT and 5HIAA changed significantly in the aerobic group during the 20-week course of therapy (5HT: P = 0,03; 5HIAA: P = 0,003). In the stretching group, however, no statistically significant change was observed (5HT: P=0,491; 5HIAA: P=0,549). Between group statistical comparisons of laboratory measures disclosed that aerobic training was superior to stretching in that it significantly increased the levels of 5HIAA (F test = 6.61; P = 0.01), but the average difference between groups on the levels of 5HT did not meet significance criteria (F test = 3.42; P = 0.08). Aerobic training increases the 5HIAA and 5HT levels and it could explain why aerobic exercise can improve symptoms in fibromyalgia syndrome patient more than stretching exercise.

Assessing knowledge on fibromyalgia among Internet users.

OBJECTIVE: To assess knowledge on fibromyalgia in a sample of patients, their families, and professionals interested on the theme from some Brazilian states. METHODS: Analysis of the results of an electronic fibromyalgia knowledge questionnaire completed by 362 adults who had access to the the support group for fibromyalgia site (www.unifesp.br/grupos/fibromialgia). The answers were grouped according to age, sex, years of schooling, and type of interest in the condition. RESULTS: 92% of the responders were women and 62% had higher educational level. The worst results were observed in the "joint protection and energy conservation" domain, followed by the "medication in fibromyalgia" domain. The best results were recorded in the "exercises in fibromyalgia" domain. The answers differed significantly between sexes, and women achieved a higher percentage of correct answers. The female sex accounted for a statistically superior result in five statistical analyses (four questions and one domain). CONCLUSIONS: The study suggests the need for a strategic planning for an educational approach to fibromyalgia in Brazil.

Avaliação do nível de conhecimento sobre fibromialgia entre usuários da internet / Assessing knowledge on fibromyalgia among internet users

OBJETIVO: Analisar o nível de conhecimento sobre fibromialgia em uma amostra incluindo pacientes, familiares e profissionais de vários estados do Brasil. MÉTODOS: Análise dos resultados de 362 adultos que acessaram o site do Grupo de Apoio à Fibromialgia (www.unifesp.br/grupos/fibromialgia) e responderam a um questionário eletrônico de conhecimento sobre a síndrome. As respostas foram avaliadas em relação a idade, sexo, nível de escolaridade e tipo de interesse no Grupo. RESULTADOS: 92 por cento eram mulheres e 62 por cento haviam completado o ensino superior. O pior resultado foi no domínio "proteção articular e conservação de energia", seguido pelo domínio "conhecimento sobre medicação". O melhor resultado ocorreu no domínio "exercícios para fibromialgia". Houve diferença significativa entre os gêneros, sendo as mulheres responsáveis por um porcentual maior de acertos. O gênero feminino foi responsável por um resultado estatisticamente superior em cinco análises estatísticas (quatro perguntas e um domínio). CONCLUSÕES: O estudo sugere a necessidade de um planejamento estratégico para ações educativas sobre fibromialgia no Brasil.

OBJECTIVE: To assess knowledge on fibromyalgia in a sample of patients, their families, and professionals interested on the theme from some Brazilian states. METHODS: Analysis of the results of an electronic fibromyalgia knowledge questionnaire completed by 362 adults who had access to the the support group for fibromyalgia site (www.unifesp.br/grupos/fibromialgia). The answers were grouped according to age, sex, years of schooling, and type of interest in the condition. RESULTS: 92 percent of the responders were women and 62 percent had higher educational level. The worst results were observed in the "joint protection and energy conservation" domain, followed by the "medication in fibromyalgia" domain. The best results were recorded in the "exercises in fibromyalgia" domain. The answers differed significantly between sexes, and women achieved a higher percentage of correct answers. The female sex accounted for a statistically superior result in five statistical analyses (four questions and one domain). CONCLUSIONS: The study suggests the need for a strategic planning for an educational approach to fibromyalgia in Brazil.

A comparison of quality of life, demographic and clinical characteristics of Brazilian men with fibromyalgia syndrome with male patients with depression.

The primary aim of this study was to assess the quality of life (Qol) in men with fibromyalgia (FM) as compared to the Qol of depressive patients, using the SF-36 questionnaire. The secondary objectives were as follows: to describe demographic and clinical characteristics of male patients with FM; to evaluate basal levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and total testosterone in both groups; and to investigate the relationship among pain, tender points, anxiety, and depression in these patients. Fifty men with FM and 20 depressed males, matched by age and body mass index entered the study. All participants answered the SF-36, the Beck Depression Inventory and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory questionnaire. Radioimmunoassay was used to determine serum concentration of DHEAS and total testosterone. Patients and controls had similar demographic characteristics. The scores were significantly lower in all domains of the SF-36 in patients with FM as compared with the depressive controls. No significant differences were observed among patient and control in the mean concentration of either DHEAS or total testosterone. Male patients with FM experience worse Qol than depressive men. Depression was influential on mental health, whereas FM impacted on both physical and mental health.

A compreensão do residente médico em reumatologia no atendimento aos pacientes com fibromialgia / The understanding of rheumatology residents concerning for fibromyalgia patients

Este estudo busca a compreensão do residente médico em reumatologia no atendimento ao fibromiálgico. A síndrome é de difícil diagnóstico, e a dor é o fator mais importante. OBJETIVOS: Entender como o residente compreende o atendimento; desvendar o que este atendimento gera. MÉTODOS: Estudo qualitativo baseado na fenomenologia hermenêutica, com entrevista individual, gravada, sobre o tema da interrogação: "O que é isto para você: atender o fibromiálgico?". São feitas análises das significações dos residentes. O estudo foi realizado em três hospitais-escola públicos, com todos os residentes médicos do segundo ano. RESULTADOS: O atendimento causa frustração, traz sentimento de impotência e gera indignação; o paciente sofre preconceito devido a idiossincrasias, a componentes sociais e à não adesão ao tratamento; o médico necessita de preparo emocional para atender - são requisitos necessários: saber ouvir e compreender a relação paciente-doença; o diagnóstico é marcado pela falta de comprovação laboratorial e subjetividade da anamnese; o médico necessita do apoio da psicologia, e o tratamento requer uma equipe multidisciplinar. CONCLUSÃO: O atendimento é frustrante e gera sentimento de impotência, sendo preciso maior preparo psicológico na formação médica e uma atuação mais integrada entre medicina, psicologia e fisioterapia.

This study focuses on the understanding of rheumatology residents in caring for fibromyalgia patients. The syndrome is difficult to diagnose, and pain is the most important symptom. OBJECTIVES: Understand how residents understand the care, and discover what this care leads to. METHODS: Qualitative study based on hermeneutic phenomenology, with taped individual interviews answering the key question: "What does it mean to you to treat fibromyalgia patients?" The study analyzed the meanings provided by the residents. The research was performed in three public university hospitals, with second-year medical residents. RESULTS: Care for fibromyalgia patients proved to be a source of frustration, bringing a feeling of powerlessness and indignation; patients suffer from prejudice due to idiosyncrasies, social components, and non-adherence to treatment; the physician needs to be emotionally prepared to provide care - requirements include knowing how to listen and understand the patient-illness relationship; the diagnosis is marked by lack of laboratory confirmation and subjectivity in the work-up; the physician needs support from psychology, and the treatment requires a multidisciplinary team. CONCLUSION: Care is frustrating and generates a feeling of powerlessness. It requires greater psychological preparation during medical training and a more integrated approach between medicine, psychology, and physical therapy.

Urodynamic study and quality of life in patients with fibromyalgia and lower urinary tract symptoms.

The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical and urodynamic observations on women with fibromyalgia (FM) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Fifty-one patients with FM and LUTS and 50 patients with LUTS without FM answered questions about urinary symptoms and also two questionnaires about quality of life measures: "Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey" and "King's Health Questionnaire". The urodynamic parameters evaluated were the following: maximum cystometric capacity, urine loss due to cough, Valsalva leak point pressure, and detrusor overactivity (DO). The groups were homogeneous concerning age, parity, body mass index, and genital prolapse. Symptoms such as increase of urinary frequency (p=0.007) and urge urinary incontinence (p=0.004) were statistically more common in the FM group. DO was the statistically most common urodynamic observation in patients with FM (p=0.02). Regarding the questionnaires about quality of life, the patients with fibromyalgia and LUTS had the worst results in all fields. In conclusion, patients with FM and LUTS have detrusor overactivity more often as well as an increase of urinary frequency, contributing to the quality of life worsening.

Baixa dose de methotrexate comparado a placebo em osteoartrite de joelho / Low-dose methotrexate compared to placebo in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis

OBJETIVO: avaliar a eficácia de baixa dose de metotrexato (MTX) em osteoartrite (OA) de joelho. MÉTODOS : 58 pacientes foram separados em dois grupos em um estudo prospectivo, duplo-cego, placebo-controlado, randomizado, com duração de 4 meses. O grupo 1 recebeu metotrexato na dose de 7,5 mg por semana e o grupo 2 recebeu placebo. Foram utilizados como medidas de avaliação primária o Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), o Índice Algofuncional de Lequesne e a Escala Visual Analógica (EVA) para dor. A quantidade consumida de comprimidos de paracetamol para analgesia serviu como medida de avaliação secundária. RESULTADOS : a média de idade dos pacientes foi de 61,8 anos no grupo 1 e de 60,4 anos no grupo 2 (p = 0,43). Houve predomínio de mulheres em ambos os grupos com 93,1 por cento no grupo 1 e 72,4 por cento no grupo 2 (p = 0,08). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos com relação ao WOMAC (p = 0,94), Lequesne (p = 0,87) e EVA (p = 0,89). Também não houve diferença estatística significante entre os grupos (0,09) quanto ao consumo de paracetamol, mas houve tendência a consumo maior de analgésico no grupo placebo. CONCLUSÃO : metotrexato não trouxe alívio sintomático nem reduziu limitação funcional quando comparado ao placebo em osteoartrite de joelho. Metotrexato mostrou uma tendência a menor consumo de analgésicos em osteoartrite de joelho.

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the efficacy of low-dose methotrexate in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. METHODS: 58 patients were separated into two groups in a prospective, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized 4 months study. Group 1 received a 7,5 mg weekly dose of methotrexate whilst group 2 received placebo. Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Lequèsne Algofunctional Index and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain were utilized as measurement of primary evaluation. The quantity of paracetamol used for analgesia served as a secondary evaluation. RESULTS: the patient's average age was of 60.4 years in the group 2 and 61.8 years in group 1 (p = 0.43). In both groups, women predominated, comprising 93.1 percent in group 1 and 72.4 percent in group 2 (p = 0.08). There were no statistically significant difference between both groups regarding WOMAC (p = 0.94), Lequèsne (p = 0.87) and VAS (p = 0.89. Likewise, in the paracetamol consumption there was not statistically significant difference between both groups. However, there was tendency to increased consumption in the placebo group. CONCLUSION: methotrexate provided neither symptomatic relief nor did it reduce the functional limitation when compared to placebo in knee osteoarthritis. Methotrexate showed a tendency to decrease the consumption of paracetamol in knee osteoarthritis.

Validação dos critérios do Colégio Americano de Reumatologia (1990) para classificação da Fibromialgia, em uma população brasileira / Validation of the American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of fibromyalgia in a Brazilian population

Introdução: O diagnóstico clínico de determinadas doenças, em função da ausência de uma etiologia definida, somente é obtido através de critérios de classificação. No entanto, diferenças étnicas, econômicas, culturais e sociais entre as diversas populações do mundopodem influenciar as manifestações clínicas e o reconhecimento dessas doenças. Objetivos: Validar os critérios do ACR-1990 para classificação da fibromialgia em uma população brasileira. Material e métodos: Foram estudados 314 pacientes consecutivos: 162 pacientes com diagnóstico clínico de fibromialgia (a história clínica e o exame físico foram usados como padrão-ouro, sem qualquer consideração aos critérios estabelecidos pelo ACR) e 152 controles. Os controles apresentavam outras doenças reumatológicas dolorosas crônicas. Todos os pacientes foram selecionados, no serviço de triagem, porreumatologistas e encaminhados ao ambulatório de pesquisa. Entrevista através de questionário e exame físico foram realizados por um único pesquisador. Os pontos dolorosos (tender points) foram avaliados, através da palpação manual, pelo pesquisador e por outro reumatologista treinado no exame de pontos dolorosos, um desconhecendo o exame do outro. Análise estatística incluiu X2, odds ratio, coeficiente de kappa e o estabelecimento dos índices de sensibilidade, especificidade e acurácia. Resultados: Dor difusa foi encontrada em 93,2 por cento dos pacientes e em 21 por cento dos controles. A combinação de dor difusa e 9 pontos dolorosos em 18 pontos examinados alcançou sensibilidade de 93,2 por cento, especificidade de 91,1 por cento e acurácia de 92,6 por cento. Nenhuma outra combinação de sinais ou sintomas, incluindo rigidez matinal, distúrbio do sono e fadiga alcançou maior acurácia na população estudada. Conclusão: Nesta amostra da população brasileira, os critérios de maior sensibilidade, especificidade e acurácia para fibromialgia foram dor difusa e 9 ou mais pontos dolorosos em 18 pontos examinados

Aplasia medular aguda e metotrexato / Acute bone marrow aplasia and methotrexate

O metotrexato (MTX) é comumente usado no tratamento da artrite reumatóide (AR) e artrite psoriática em baixas doses, semanalmente e por via oral. Efeitos colaterais graves sao pouco freqüentes e a aplasia medular é um deles. Muitos fatores estao associados com risco aumentado de efeitos colaterais, entre eles infecçao, disfunçao renal, hipoalbuminemia e uso concomitante de antiinflamatório nao hormonal (AINH). Os autores descrevem caso de artrite psoriática que desenvolveu aplasia medular pelo uso de MTX. Infecçao e uso concomitante de AINH poderiam ter sido co-fatores no desenvolvimento de aplasia medular neste caso

Distrofia simpática reflexa: revisao de literatura / Reflex sympathetic dystrophy: review of the literature

A distrofia simpática reflexa é uma síndrome clínica, de etiologia desconhecida, constituída por dor, instabilidade vasomotora e alteraçoes tróficas, afetando principalmente as extremidades distais dos membros. A teoria etiopatogênica mais aceita é a de uma hiperatividade dos neurônios internunciais da medula espinhal. O quadro clínico se apresenta em três fases, sendo que na primeira predominam a dor e os distúrbios vasomotores. Na última fase, há um predomínio das alteraçoes tróficas. Geralmente, essa sintomatologia é precedida de um evento desencadeante, como por exemplo trauma, doenças isquêmicas ou uso de drogas. O diagnóstico é baseado na apresentaçao clínica. Os exames subsidiários mais utilizados sao o raio X e a cintilografia óssea. O tratamento envolve a cinesioterapia, a corticoterapia, a calcitonina, bloqueios simpáticos e outros procedimentos