RESUMO
Bleeding is a common feature of early pregnancy affecting about one-fifth of pregnant women in the first trimester. The chance of miscarriage after bleeding and a live fetus at scan has not previously been defined precisely. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome of early pregnancies with a viable singleton fetus that had been complicated by bleeding. A prospective study was performed on 370 women with a singleton live fetus who had presented to the early pregnancy assessment clinic (EPAC) with vaginal bleeding. Women were grouped into light, moderate and heavy loss according to the self-assessed degree of vaginal bleeding. The women were also categorised according to the presence or absence of an intrauterine haematoma. The overall spontaneous miscarriage rate in the study was 11.1%; almost 90% of pregnancies continued to viability. Women with moderate or heavy bleeding had more than twice the rate of miscarriage compared with those with light bleeding. A total of 14% of the women had an intrauterine haematoma and those women were 2.6 times more likely to miscarry than those without (23% vs 9%). This relationship appeared to hold true even after controlling for blood loss. The data presented can be used to guide women with a live fetus about the chance of miscarriage after an episode of vaginal bleeding. We propose that a large multi-centre study should be undertaken to define precisely the risk miscarriage for each gestational week according to a range of clinical and ultrasound characteristics.
Assuntos
Aborto Espontâneo/etiologia , Complicações Cardiovasculares na Gravidez , Ultrassonografia Pré-Natal , Hemorragia Uterina/complicações , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Primeiro Trimestre da GravidezAssuntos
Hemorragia Pós-Parto/etiologia , Transtornos Puerperais/diagnóstico , Inversão Uterina/diagnóstico , Doença Aguda , Adulto , Erros de Diagnóstico , Feminino , Humanos , Placenta Retida/diagnóstico , Gravidez , Transtornos Puerperais/terapia , Choque Hemorrágico/etiologia , Inversão Uterina/terapiaAssuntos
Doenças Fetais/cirurgia , Complicações na Gravidez/cirurgia , Doenças Uterinas/cirurgia , Adulto , Cardiotocografia , Cesárea , Feminino , Doenças Fetais/diagnóstico , Doenças Fetais/etiologia , Frequência Cardíaca Fetal , Humanos , Gravidez , Complicações na Gravidez/etiologia , Resultado da Gravidez , Anormalidade Torcional/complicações , Anormalidade Torcional/microbiologia , Anormalidade Torcional/cirurgia , Doenças Uterinas/complicaçõesRESUMO
The degradation of an azo dye mixture by an aerobic bacterial consortium was studied in a rotating biological reactor. Laterite pebbles of particle size 850 microm to 1.44 mm were fixed on gramophone records using an epoxy resin on which the developed consortium was immobilized. Rate of degradation, BOD, biomass determination, enzymes involved, and fish bioassay were studied. The RBC has a high efficiency for dye degradation even at high dye concentrations (100 microg/mL) and high flow rate (36 L/h) at alkaline pH and salinity conditions normally encountered in the textile effluents. Bioassays (LD-50) using Thilapia fish in treated effluent showed that the percentage mortality was zero over a period of 96 h, whereas the mortality was 100% in untreated dye water within 26 h. Fish bioassay confirms that the effluent from RBC can be discharged safely to the environment.