The informativeness of the Johns-matrix image of laser autofluorescence in blood plasma films for early diagnosis of endometriosis associated with infertility.

We used Jones-matrix images of protein networks of blood plasma films obtained from laser autofluorescence and determined the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and prognostication of positive and negative results. Our study aimed (1) to develop and substantiate new approaches for the diagnosis of endometriosis by improving the methods of Jones-matrix mapping of laser-induced auto-fluorescence and (2) to develop statistical approaches for analyzing the distribution of values of the true component of Jones-matrix images of blood plasma. Biological preparations were performed for two groups: 35 samples from control group 1 (women with infertility of unknown origin) and 85 samples from group 2 with endometriosis (women with infertility and endometriosis). The strength of the Jones-matrix method of autofluorescence mapping of plasma proteins taken from both groups was maximal for the decisions determined based on the calculation of the statistical moment of the 4th order, for statistical moment Z4, characterizing the sharpness of the peak distribution of the polycrystalline component of the plasma film. Comparison with the similar informative data of the Jones-matrix laser autofluorescence method of histological sections of the endometrial biopsy under conditions of blind endometriosis diagnosis revealed this method of analysis highly informative. Therefore, this technique can be used in screening studies to form a risk group.

Ovarian Cancer: Biomarkers and Targeted Therapy.

Ovarian cancer is one of the most common causes of death in women as survival is highly dependent on the stage of the disease. Ovarian cancer is typically diagnosed in the late stage due to the fact that in the early phases is mostly asymptomatic. Genomic instability is one of the hallmarks of ovarian cancer. While ovarian cancer is stratified into different clinical subtypes, there still exists extensive genetic and progressive diversity within each subtype. Early detection of the disorder is one of the most important steps that facilitate a favorable prognosis and a good response to medical therapy for the patients. In targeted therapies, individual patients are treated by agents targeting the changes in tumor cells that help them grow, divide and spread. Currently, in gynecological malignancies, potential therapeutic targets include tumor-intrinsic signaling pathways, angiogenesis, homologous-recombination deficiency, hormone receptors, and immunologic factors. Ovarian cancer is usually diagnosed in the final stages, partially due to the absence of an effective screening strategy, although, over the times, numerous biomarkers have been studied and used to assess the status, progression, and efficacy of the drug therapy in this type of disorder.

Endometriosis Associated Infertility: A Critical Review and Analysis on Etiopathogenesis and Therapeutic Approaches.

Endometriosis represents a frequently diagnosed gynecological affliction in the reproductive timespan of women, defined by symptoms ranging from pelvic pain to infertility. A complex interplay between the genetic profile, hormonal activity, menstrual cyclicity, inflammation status, and immunological factors define the phenotypic presentation of endometriosis. To date, imaging techniques represent the gold standard in diagnosing endometriosis, of which transvaginal ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging bring the most value to the diagnostic step. Current medical treatment options for endometriosis-associated infertility focus on either stimulating the follicular development and ovulation or on inhibiting the growth and development of endometriotic lesions. Techniques of assisted reproduction consisting of superovulation with in vitro fertilization or intrauterine insemination represent effective treatment alternatives that improve fertility in patients suffering from endometriosis. Emerging therapies such as the usage of antioxidant molecules and stem cells still need future research to prove the therapeutic efficacy in this pathology.