Contemporary Comprehensive Review on Arsenic-Induced Male Reproductive Toxicity and Mechanisms of Phytonutrient Intervention.

Arsenic (As) is a poisonous metalloid that is toxic to both humans and animals. Drinking water contamination has been linked to the development of cancer (skin, lung, urinary bladder, and liver), as well as other disorders such as diabetes and cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, neurological, and developmental damage. According to epidemiological studies, As contributes to male infertility, sexual dysfunction, poor sperm quality, and developmental consequences such as low birth weight, spontaneous abortion, and small for gestational age (SGA). Arsenic exposure negatively affected male reproductive systems by lowering testicular and accessory organ weights, and sperm counts, increasing sperm abnormalities and causing apoptotic cell death in Leydig and Sertoli cells, which resulted in decreased testosterone synthesis. Furthermore, during male reproductive toxicity, several molecular signalling pathways, such as apoptosis, inflammation, and autophagy are involved. Phytonutrient intervention in arsenic-induced male reproductive toxicity in various species has received a lot of attention over the years. The current review provides an in-depth summary of the available literature on arsenic-induced male toxicity, as well as therapeutic approaches and future directions.

Narrative on Hydrogen Therapy and its Clinical Applications: Safety and Efficacy.

Molecular hydrogen proved itself as a novel therapeutic candidate and has been thriving from the beginning with its potential clinical significance, higher affinity, and cellular integrity and permeability. Hydrogen Therapy (HT) has gained scientists' attention with the proven clinical ability to attenuate chronic inflammation, diminish oxidative stress, restrict apoptosis, minimize cellular injury, and refine tissue functioning. Therapeutic Implementation of H2 for disease prevention and treatment is a newly emerging field with limited knowledge available on formulations, tissue-specific effects, efficacy, and safety. This article will discuss HT's therapeutic potential for its efficacy and safety in cardiovascular, respiratory, hematological, metabolic, infectious, and neurodegenerative disorders. In addition to this, the molecular mechanisms and nanotechnological implications of hydrogen therapy will be discussed in detail. Finally, the article will provide insight into advancements and automation, future perspectives, and recommendations. There is a need to study and conduct higher-scale trials targeting personalized treatments under molecular and genetic vitals.