LibMI: An Open Source Library for Efficient Histopathological Image Processing.

BACKGROUND: Whole-slide images (WSIs) as a kind of image data are rapidly growing in the digital pathology domain. With unusual high resolution, these images make them hard to be supported by conventional tools or file formats. Thus, it obstructs data sharing and automated analysis. Here, we propose a library, LibMI, along with its open and standardized image file format. They can be used together to efficiently read, write, modify, and annotate large images. MATERIALS AND METHODS: LibMI utilizes the concept of pyramid image structure and lazy propagation from a segment tree algorithm to support reading and modifying and to guarantee that both operations have linear time complexity. Further, a cache mechanism was introduced to speed up the program. RESULTS: LibMI is an open and efficient library for histopathological image processing. To demonstrate its functions, we applied it to several tasks including image thresholding, microscopic color correction, and storing pixel-wise information on WSIs. The result shows that libMI is particularly suitable for modifying large images. Furthermore, compared with congeneric libraries and file formats, libMI and modifiable multiscale image (MMSI) run 18.237 times faster on read-only tasks. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of libMI library and MMSI file format enables developers to efficiently read and modify WSIs, thus can assist in pixel-wise image processing on extremely large images to promote building image processing pipeline. The library together with the data schema is freely available on GitLab: https://gitlab.com/BioAI/libMI.

Multi-contact switch using double-dressing regularity of probe, fluorescence, and six-wave mixing in a Rydberg atom.

In this paper, we study the realization of a multi-contact switch using the double-dressing regularity of probe, fluorescence, and six-wave mixing signals in a five-level 85Rb atomic system. For the first time, we compare the dressing regularity of Rydberg states by observing electromagnetically induced transparency and signals. With the scanning probe and dressing fields, both large and small line shifts in signals are observed. The small line shifts are induced by double-dressed line shifts. Also, the big line shifts result from the Rydberg dressing. In addition, with an increase in the principal quantum number n of the Rydberg state, all the signals become weaker, while the line shifts of the signals become enhanced. Using the regularity in line shifts of the signals and an acoustic optical modulator to modulate the frequency detuning, we can realize a multi-contact switch action and fast conversion between different contacts.

Investigation of multi-bunching by generating multi-order fluorescence of NV center in diamond.

Fabricating electronics from solid-state quantum emitters is a promising strategy for the miniaturization and integration of electronic devices. However, the practical realization of solid-state quantum devices and circuits for signal transmission and processing at room temperature has remained challenging. Herein, we investigated the multi-bunching phenomenon by generating multi-order fluorescence from a pseudo-thermal source at room temperature using the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond. We demonstrate the shift in time of multi-bunching by controlling the effect of dressing to realize logical gates and transistor switching operations. We also suggest the optimization of the time propagation delay (TPD) of the gate circuit by changing the boxcar gate position.