Exploring discontinuous intentions of social media users: a cognition-affect-conation perspective.

Introduction: Drawing on the cognition-affect-conation (C-A-C) framework, this study investigates how perceived information and social and system feature overload induce depression and anxiety, which leads to affect discontinuous intentions of the social media users. Methods: The data collected from 570 social networking site users in China are analyzed through structural equation modeling (SEM). Results and Discussion: The findings show that perceived information overload, perceived social overload, and perceived system feature overload directly affect depression and anxiety among social networking site users, which directly leads to discontinuous intentions. This study fulfills the identified need for an in-depth investigation of discontinuous behavior in social networking sites. The findings provide social networking site providers with guidelines on how to actively manage social networking site user's behavior to reduce the effects of negative emotions on social networking sites.

Nanodiamond embedded polyaniline/polyvinylidene fluoride nanocomposites as microfiltration membranes for removal of industrial pollution.

Membrane fouling remains a challenge to the membrane technology. Herein, we report the fabrication of composite membranes of polyaniline/polyvinylidene fluoride (PANI/PVDF) blended with nanodiamond (ND) with improved antifouling properties. The designed membranes were characterized by XRD, FTIR and SEM techniques. Characterization analysis revealed that addition of ND has maintained the structural integrity and porosity of composite membranes. The membrane permeation and antifouling performances were tested for hydrophilicity, porosity, pure water flux, shrinkage ratio, salt rejection of zinc acetate and copper acetate, and their fouling recovery ratio (FRR) measurements. A high solvent content ratio of 0.55 and a low shrinkage ratio of <12% due to enhanced hydrophilicity and porosity of the composite membrane with fouling-recovery of membranes to 88% were achieved. Separation of copper and zinc ions from aqueous solution was achieved. These findings imply that ND-based PANI/PVDF composite membranes can effectively serve as microfiltration membranes in industrial and municipal wastewater treatment.

Synthesis of Copper Oxide-Based Nanoformulations of Etoricoxib and Montelukast and Their Evaluation through Analgesic, Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Pyretic, and Acute Toxicity Activities.

Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) were synthesized through the coprecipitation method and used as nanocarriers for etoricoxib (selective COX-2 inhibitor drug) and montelukast (leukotriene product inhibitor drug) in combination therapy. The CuO NPs, free drugs, and nanoformulations were investigated through UV/Vis spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, XRD, SEM, and DLS. SEM imaging showed agglomerated nanorods of CuO NPs of about 87 nm size. The CE1, CE2, and CE6 nanoformulations were investigated through DLS, and their particle sizes were 271, 258, and 254 nm, respectively. The nanoformulations were evaluated through in vitro anti-inflammatory activity, in vivo anti-inflammatory activity, in vivo analgesic activity, in vivo anti-pyretic activity, and in vivo acute toxicity activity. In vivo activities were performed on albino mice. BSA denaturation was highly inhibited by CE1, CE2, and CE6 as compared to other nanoformulations in the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity. The in vivo bioactivities showed that low doses (5 mg/kg) of nanoformulations were more potent than high doses (10 and 20 mg/kg) of free drugs in the inhibition of pain, fever, and inflammation. Lastly, CE2 was more potent than that of other nanoformulations.

Attention or Distraction? The Impact of Mobile Phone on Users' Psychological Well-Being.

Cumulative evidence has demonstrated that mobile phone distraction, in particular among emerging adults, is a growing problem. Considerable efforts have been made to contribute to the literature by proposing cognitive emotion pre-occupation which acts as an underlying mechanism through which mobile phone distraction results in a reduction in psychological well-being. The proposed model is supported by distraction-conflict theory which reveals that users, with high attention control, are better at coping with the negative consequences of mobile phone distraction. The data, consisting of 914 University students in China, was analyzed using statistical tools. The results support that mobile phone distraction has a significant positive relationship with cognitive emotional pre-occupation which negatively affects users' psychological well-being. Our findings also reveal that attention control moderated the mediation effect of cognitive emotional pre-occupation in association with mobile phone distraction and psychological well-being. The theoretical and practical implications are also discussed along with limitations and future research.

Surface modified multifaceted nanocarriers for oral non-conventional cancer therapy; synthesis and evaluation.

Inflammatory cells orchestrate tumor niche for the proliferating neoplastic cells, leading to neoangiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, tumor growth and metastasis. Emergence of severe side effects, multiple drug resistance and associated high cost has rendered conventional chemotherapy less effectual. The aim was to develop a multipurpose, less toxic, more potent and cheaper, oral non-conventional anticancer therapeutic. Cyclooxygenase associated with tumor niche inflammation and proliferative neoplastic cells were targeted synergistically, through anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative effects of model drug, diclofenac sodium and fluorescent silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), respectively. Drug entrapped AgNPs were surface modified with PVA (for controlling particle size, preferred cellular uptake, evading opsonization and improved dispersion). XRD, FTIR, DSC, TGA, LIBS, particle size and surface plasmon resonance analysis confirmed the efficient drug encapsulation and PVA coating with 62% loading efficiency. In-vitro, the formulation exhibited 1st order release kinetics with sustained and maximal release at slightly acidic conditions (pH 4.5) enabling the potential for passive tumor targeting. Also, nanoparticles showed efficient protein denaturation inhibition potential, hemo-compatibility (<0.8%) and potent anti-cancer activity (P < 0.05) against breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). In-vivo, developed nanoparticles improved pharmacokinetics (2.8 fold increased AUC, 6.9 h t1/2, Cmax = 1.6 ±â€¯0.03 µg/ml, Kel = 0.1) and pharmacodynamics manifested by potent anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-pyretic effects (P < 0.05) at 20 fold lower doses. LD50 determination revealed a wide therapeutic window. The study showed promise of synthesized nanomaterials as cheaper, less toxic, hemo-compatible, oral and more potent anti-inflammatory and non-conventional fluorescent anti-cancer agents, vanquishing tumor niche inflammation and repressing proliferation of malignant cells.

Hemostatic strategies for uncontrolled bleeding: A comprehensive update.

Uncontrolled bleeding remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality across the entire macrocosm. It refers to excessive loss of blood that occurs inside of body, due to unsuccessful platelet plug formation at the injury site. It is not only limited to the battlefield, but remains the second leading cause of death amongst the civilians, as a result of traumatic injury. Startlingly, there are no effective treatments currently available, to cater the issue of internal bleeding, even though early intervention is of utmost significance in minimizing the mortality rates associated with it. The fatal issue of uncontrolled bleeding is ineffectively being dealt with the use of pressure dressings, tourniquet, and surgical procedures. This is not a practical approach in combat arenas or in emergency situations, where the traumatic injury inflicted is deep inside the body, and cannot be addressed externally, by the application of topical dressings. This review focuses on the traditional hemostatic agents that are used to augment the process of hemostasis, such as mineral zeolites, chitosan based products, biologically active agents, anti-fibrinolytics, absorbable agents, and albumin and glutaraldehyde, as well as the micro- and nano-based hemostatic agents such as synthocytes, thromboerythrocytes, thrombosomes, and the synthetic platelets.

Erratum to "Titanium-based nanocomposite materials for arsenic removal from water: A review" [Heliyon 5 (5) (May 2019) e01577].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01577.].

Titanium-based nanocomposite materials for arsenic removal from water: A review.

Arsenic is highly carcinogenic element and less concentration of this chemical element makes natural water unsafe for human consumption. Versatile techniques including adsorption method have been established to remove the arsenic from water. However, adsorption is found to be one of effective method for the remediation of arsenic from contaminated water. Different types of natural adsorbents i.e. clays, waste materials, carbon based material have been studied widely for the adsorption of arsenic. Recently, nanotechnology is considered to be one of the best technology for waste water treatment. Therefore researchers have synthesized several types of nanoadsorbents and investigated them for the removal of various pollutants including arsenic from water. Now days, attention is paid on development of nanocomposite materials which are proven as competent arsenic adsorbent candidate as compared to other adsorbents due to dominant structural and surface features. Various metal/metal oxide based nanocomposites have been developed and studied for arsenic removal from aqueous media. It has been reported that TiO2 based nanocomposite exhibit stong affinity for both inorganic form of arsenic. Therefore, in this review numerous metal or metal oxide based titania nanocomposites i.e. TiO2-αFe2O3, NHITO, Ce-Ti oxide, Zr-TiO2, RGO-MFT etc. have been discussed in details for the water treatment containing arsenic. This review also presents an overview of low cost adsorbents, titania based nanoadsorbent and hybrid titania nanostructures for the removal of arsenic. In this review paper the particle size, surface area and adsorption efficiency of these titania based materials at different pH are also been presented in tabulated form. It provides the opportunity to choose best titania based nanocomposites for the treatment of arsenic polluted water.

PVDF based ionogels: applications towards electrochemical devices and membrane separation processes.

Ionogels have emerged as one of the most interesting and captivating form of composites which credits to the outstanding characteristics. One of the most important constituent of ionogels is ionic liquid, which show many attractive properties notably non-volatility, in-flammability, negligible vapor pressure, tunability, thermal stability and solvating ability. A large variety of matrix materials have been under consideration for ionogels, presently, polymer/ionic liquid based ionogels have attracted much attention. Numerous polymeric materials such as have been utilized for these polymer/ionic liquids based ionogels. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) has been on top of the line as a matrix material for polymer based ionogels owing to its stability, aging and chemical resistance and mechanical strength. This review is primarily concerned with the properties of polyvinylidene fluoride based ionogels with an emphasis on their applications in various domains electrochemical devices, gas separation and liquid/liquid separations.

Synthesis and bioactivities of silver nanoparticles capped with 5-amino-ß-resorcylic acid hydrochloride dihydrate.

BACKGROUND: Conjugated and drug loaded silver nanoparticles are getting an increased attention for various biomedical applications. Nanoconjugates showed significant enhancement in biological activity in comparison to free drug molecules. In this perspective, we report the synthesis of bioactive silver capped with 5-Amino-ß-resorcylic acid hydrochloride dihydrate (AR). The in vitro antimicrobial (antibacterial, antifungal), enzyme inhibition (xanthine oxidase, urease, carbonic anhydrase, α-chymotrypsin, cholinesterase) and antioxidant activities of the developed nanostructures was investigated before and after conjugation to silver metal. RESULTS: The conjugation of AR to silver was confirmed through FTIR, UV-vis and TEM techniques. The amount of AR conjugated with silver was characterized through UV-vis spectroscopy and found to be 9% by weight. The stability of synthesized nanoconjugates against temperature, high salt concentration and pH was found to be good. Nanoconjugates, showed significant synergic enzyme inhibition effect against xanthine and urease enzymes in comparison to standard drugs, pure ligand and silver. CONCLUSIONS: Our synthesized nanoconjugate was found be to efficient selective xanthine and urease inhibitors in comparison to Ag and AR. On a per weight basis, our nanoconjugates required less amount of AR (about 11 times) for inhibition of these enzymes.