Bimetallic clusterzymes-loaded dendritic mesoporous silica particle regulate arthritis microenvironment via ROS scavenging and YAP1 stabilization.

Clusterzymes are synthetic enzymes exhibiting substantial catalytic activity and selectivity, which are uniquely driven by single-atom constructs. A dramatic increase in antioxidant capacity, 158 times more than natural trolox, is noted when single-atom copper is incorporated into gold-based clusterzymes to form Au24Cu1. Considering the inflammatory and mildly acidic microenvironment characteristic of osteoarthritis (OA), pH-dependent dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (DMSNs) coupled with PEG have been employed as a delivery system for the spatial-temporal release of clusterzymes within active articular regions, thereby enhancing the duration of effectiveness. Nonetheless, achieving high therapeutic efficacy remains a significant challenge. Herein, we describe the construction of a Clusterzymes-DMSNs-PEG complex (CDP) which remarkably diminishes reactive oxygen species (ROS) and stabilizes the chondroprotective protein YAP by inhibiting the Hippo pathway. In the rabbit ACLT (anterior cruciate ligament transection) model, the CDP complex demonstrated inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase activity, preservation of type II collagen and aggregation protein secretion, thus prolonging the clusterzymes' protective influence on joint cartilage structure. Our research underscores the efficacy of the CDP complex in ROS-scavenging, enabled by the release of clusterzymes in response to an inflammatory and slightly acidic environment, leading to the obstruction of the Hippo pathway and downstream NF-κB signaling pathway. This study illuminates the design, composition, and use of DMSNs and clusterzymes in biomedicine, thus charting a promising course for the development of novel therapeutic strategies in alleviating OA.

Use of reclaimed municipal wastewater in agriculture: Comparison of present practice versus an emerging paradigm of anaerobic membrane bioreactor treatment coupled with hydroponic controlled environment agriculture.

Advancements in anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) technology have opened up exciting possibilities for sustaining precise water quality control in wastewater treatment and reuse. This approach not only presents an opportunity for energy generation and recovery but also produces an effluent that can serve as a valuable nutrient source for crop cultivation in hydroponic controlled environment agriculture (CEA). In this perspective article, we undertake a comparative analysis of two approaches to municipal wastewater utilization in agriculture. The conventional method, rooted in established practices of conventional activated sludge (CAS) wastewater treatment for soil/land-based agriculture, is contrasted with a new paradigm that integrates AnMBR technology with hydroponic (soilless) CEA. This work encompasses various facets, including wastewater treatment efficiency, effluent quality, resource recovery, and sustainability metrics. By juxtaposing the established methodologies with this emerging synergistic model, this work aims to shed light on the transformative potential of the integration of AnMBR and hydroponic-CEA for enhanced agricultural sustainability and resource utilization.

A nanozyme-functionalized bilayer hydrogel scaffold for modulating the inflammatory microenvironment to promote osteochondral regeneration.

BACKGROUND: The incidence of osteochondral defects caused by trauma, arthritis or tumours is increasing annually, but progress has not been made in terms of treatment methods. Due to the heterogeneous structure and biological characteristics of cartilage and subchondral bone, the integration of osteochondral repair is still a challenge. RESULTS: In the present study, a novel bilayer hydrogel scaffold was designed based on anatomical characteristics to imitate superficial cartilage and subchondral bone. The scaffold showed favourable biocompatibility, and the addition of an antioxidant nanozyme (LiMn2O4) promoted reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging by upregulating antioxidant proteins. The cartilage layer effectively protects against chondrocyte degradation in the inflammatory microenvironment. Subchondral bionic hydrogel scaffolds promote osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) by regulating the AMPK pathway in vitro. Finally, an in vivo rat preclinical osteochondral defect model confirmed that the bilayer hydrogel scaffold efficiently promoted cartilage and subchondral bone regeneration. CONCLUSIONS: In general, our biomimetic hydrogel scaffold with the ability to regulate the inflammatory microenvironment can effectively repair osteochondral defects. This strategy provides a promising method for regenerating tissues with heterogeneous structures and biological characteristics.

[Solution to Unify the Review of Domestic Second Class Medical Device].

In October 2017, the General Office of the CPC Central Committee and the General Office of the State Council issued "The opinion on deepening the reform of the review and approval system and encouraging the innovation in pharmaceutical and medical devices" which clearly requires the unification of the evaluation stand for the second class medical device and realizes national review gradually. According to this requirement, this paper firstly reviews situation of foreign medical device evaluation system, and then introduces general situation of medical device review in our country, including the establishment of institutions and existed problem of medical device registrations, and corresponding reasons are also be analyzed. Finally we focus on giving proposal on how to realize the unification of class Ⅱ medical device technology review in China combined with real situation based on referring foreign experience.

[Feasibility Research of Determined Oxygen Permeability of Finished Soft Contact Lens].

OBJECTIVE: A method for determined oxygen permeability (Dk) of finished soft contact lens. METHODS: Oxygen permeability(Dk) of 10 group finished soft contact lens was determined by polarographic method, and the values were linearly calibrated using the measured and established Dk values of the specified reference materials. RESULTS: Only one Dk value fell outside of the requirement of GB 11417.3-2012 tolerance for Dk (± 20%). CONCLUSION: It is great practicability when determined the oxygen permeability (Dk) of finished soft contact lens by polarographic method which were linearly calibrated using the measured and established Dk values of the specified equal thickness reference materials without the measured lens customized 4 different thickness.

[How to improve the accreditation validity of medical devices testing laboratory].

The safety and effectiveness of medical devices are directly related to human health. Therefore, how to improve the accreditation validity of medical devices testing laboratory has been the focus of attention from every corner of society. With respect to the characteristics of medical devices testing laboratory, this paper represented the existing issues during the accreditation and evaluation of testing laboratory, put forward some improvement suggestions on how to improve the validity of testing laboratory evaluation based on the practical experience.