Vitrectomy for Complicated Retinal Detachment Without the Use of Perfluorocarbon Liquid: A Real-World Data and Retrospective Study.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of vitrectomy without using perfluorocarbon liquid (PFCL) for the treatment of complicated retinal detachment (RD). METHODS: The utilisation of PFCL was calculated in four hospitals in 2020 and in one hospital every year from 2012 to 2020. A case series of 320 RD eyes treated with vitrectomy without the use of perfluorocarbon liquid (VWTPL) was followed up for 1-26 months. The rate of retinal reattachment (RR) and postoperative visual acuity (VA, LogMAR) was evaluated. Furthermore, factors influencing RR and VA were analysed. RESULTS: The overall utilisation of PFCL was 43.87% (42.74%, 45.83%, 62.39% and 4.5%). The annual utilisation was 46.94%, 20.43%, 46.73%, 47.41%, 20%, 17.24%, 7.60%, 10.67% and 4.49% from 2012 to 2020. The VA of 320 eyes improved from 1.96 ± 1.07 preoperatively to 1.43 ± 0.92 (LogMAR, p < 0.001) 1 week post-operation. In the follow-up of 1-26 months (median: 9 months), the primary and final RR was 87.37% and 95.56%, respectively. Age, uveitis, recurrent RD, the number of detached retinal quadrants, aPVR and preoperative VA were considered as the factors influencing postoperative VA. Moreover, preoperative VA and preoperative intraocular pressure were the factors influencing RR. CONCLUSION: The utilisation of PFCL varies amongst hospitals with a highest percentage of 62.39%. VWTPL is safe and effective, thereby saving costs and preventing complications related to PFCL. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ChiCTR-ORC-17014225.

Decreased expression of TIPE2 in the eye under high-glucose conditions tested in vivo and in vitro.

AIMS: Inflammation is important in the development of angiogenesis diabetic retinopathy (DR). Anti-inflammation is promising strategy in early DR management. This study aimed to evaluate the level of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced protein-8 like-2 (TIPE2), a formerly anti-inflammatory factor, under high-glucose conditions. METHODS: TIPE2 was detected in the ① retina from db/db and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice; ② vitreous fluid of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and ③ mouse retinal microendothelial cells (RMEC) cultured in glucose of varying concentrations. In situ expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence assay. The expression of protein was analysed by Western blot or ELISA and mRNA by qRT-PCR. RESULTS: TIPE2 was down-regulated in the retina of the mice with diabetes. TIPE2 was present in the cytoplasm of RMEC and down-regulated in high-glucose conditions in line with concentration and time. The expression of TIPE2 in the vitreous fluid of patients with PDR was significantly lower than that without diabetes. Silencing TIPE2 by an siRNA resulted in increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (a vital factor in the development of DR), TNF-α and IL-1ß. CONCLUSIONS: TIPE2 down-expressed and exerted anti-VEGF and anti-inflammatory function in the high-glucose environment. TIPE2 was verified to be involved in the process of DR and might be a potential regulator for DR development.

Anti-inflammatory TIPE2 inhibits angiogenic VEGF in retinal pigment epithelium.

Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a pathological feature which commonly occurs in ocular diseases. This condition is characterised by vasculogenesis and angiogenesis underlying the neuroretina, with retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and choroid as main targets. Inflammation and immunity are crucial in the early development of CNV. Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) α-induced protein-8 like-2 (TIPE2 or TNFAIP8L2), a recently identified gene, is a negative regulator of innate and adaptive immunity which participates in inflammatory homeostasis. We determined the expression of TIPE2 in normal and inflamed RPE cells, and evaluated the relationship of TIPE2 with factors associated with inflammation and angiogenesis. TIPE2 is present in both the cytoplasm and nucleus of human RPE cells and is down-regulated in the inflammatory state with decreased cell viability. Knock-down of TIPE2 by a specific short interfering RNA increases the expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1ß and angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), particularly under the stimulation of lipopolysaccharide. In consideration of the vital role of VEGF in the final stage of neovascularization, the anti-inflammatory TIPE2 is also anti-angiogenic and may participate in CNV formation.

Retinal vein occlusion in retinal racemose hemangioma: a case report and literature review of ocular complications in this rare retinal vascular disorder.

BACKGROUD: Retinal racemose hemangioma (RRH) is a rare congenital disorder that often co-occurs with other ocular complications. In this study, we present a case of RRH complicated with retinal vein obstruction in three branches and provide a review of ocular complications and associations with RRH. CASE PRESENTATION: One case of RRH is presented. Fundus examination, fluorescein angiography (FFA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the patient identified Group 3 RRH complicated with retinal vein occlusions in the superotemporal, inferotemporal, and inferonasal branches. Macular edema, which causes visual impairment, was detected. A brief literature review was also presented. The PubMed database was searched for RRH or related keywords to find reports of ocular complications or associations published on or before Dec. 31, 2013. A total of 140 papers describing167 RRH cases were found. The mean age of diagnosis was 22.97 years. Ocular complications were mentioned in 32 (19.16%) cases. Retinal vein occlusion (46.88%) was the major ocular complication in RRH, followed by hemorrhage (34.38%). Eight (4.79%) cases were associated with other ocular diseases such as Sturge-Weber syndrome , Morning glory disc anomaly and macroaneurysm. CONCLUSIONS: Although RRH is a relatively non-progressive condition, its complications may lead to vision loss and should be treated in time.

Low-dose strontium-90 irradiation is effective in preventing the recurrence of pterygia: a ten-year study.

BACKGROUND: To study the long-term effects of low-dosage strontium-90 (Sr90) irradiation on the recurrence of pterygium. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: One hundred twenty eyes from 104 patients with primary or recurrent pterygia were treated with surgery followed by Sr90 irradiation. In brief, starting on the sixth day after surgery, patients were treated with irradiation three times every other day at a total combined dosage of 2000 cGy to 3000 cGy. Corneal topography was used to evaluate ocular surface regularity before and after treatment. Patient follow-up was performed 2 days, 5 days, 2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months, 1 year, 5 years, and 10 years after surgery. Recurrence of pterygium was not observed in any of the patients in this study. Obvious cataract progression was observed in 6 eyes, which may be due to aging. During follow-up studies, only one eye was reported with dryness and foreign-body sensation. Significant pterygium-induced astigmatism was observed in corneal topography, which decreased after surgery. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Sr90 irradiation is effective in preventing the recurrence of primary and recurrent pterygia. We recommend delivering a total combined dosage of 2000 cGy to 3000 cGy of Sr90 irradiation administered in three batches every other day starting from the sixth day after surgery. Surgery is important in the rapid recovery of the cornea from pterygium-induced astigmatism.

[Founder effect of two families with TGFBI related Thiel-Behnke corneal dystrophy].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the transforming growth factor beta induced (TGFBI; BIGH3) gene mutation and founder effect of two large Chinese families clinically diagnosed as Thiel-Behnke corneal dystrophy. METHODS: Fifteen members including 13 affected and 2 healthy in family A, 14 members including 6 affected and 8 healthy in family B, as well as 20 other unrelated healthy individuals were tested for TGFBI gene mutation. Haplotype analysis and clinical examination were also carried out in the two families. RESULTS: In exon 12 of the TGFBI gene, 1664G to A change was detected in all the patients, which leads to an amino acid replacement of arginine with glutamine (p.Arg555Gln). Members of the two families share some similar haplotypes. CONCLUSION: Genetic analysis is helpful in the diagnosis of corneal dystrophy. The two families may come from a same ancestor.

Anisometropia is independently associated with both spherical and cylindrical ametropia.

PURPOSE: To explore the associations between anisometropia and spherical ametropia, astigmatism, age, and sex. METHOD: Associations between the prevalence and magnitude of anisometropia with age, sex, spherical power, and cylindrical power, were assessed in a group of 90,884 subjects attending optometry practices in the United Kingdom. Logistic regression models were used to assess the independent contribution of each explanatory variable. RESULTS: Logistic regression analyses that included all subjects or just those aged 20 to 40 years showed that spherical ametropia and astigmatism were independently associated with anisometropia (myopes, P < 1.0E-61; hyperopes, P < 1.0E-11). Anisometropia was relatively stable between the ages of 20 and 40 years, but then became more common with age, in myopes from the age of 40 years onward (P < 0.003) and in hyperopes from the age of 70 years onward (P < 1.0E-6). Sex was not associated with anisometropia to a clinically significant extent. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to show an independent association between anisometropia and both spherical ametropia and astigmatism. The results also suggest that the previously noted increased prevalence of anisometropia with age occurs later in hyperopes than in myopes, once other covariates have been controlled for. However, it could not be ruled out that this latter effect was due to clinical selection bias in our sample. The findings suggest that research projects involving the recruitment of highly ametropic subjects, such as those investigating the genetics of refractive error, may benefit by avoiding the use of stringent inclusion criteria for anisometropia, because otherwise a large proportion of the relevant population will be excluded.

Postnatal refractive development in the Brown Norway rat: limitations of standard refractive and ocular component dimension measurement techniques.

PURPOSE: The genetic tractability of the rat and its larger eye size as compared to the mouse make it an attractive model for studies of ocular development and emmetropisation. This study aimed to provide normative data in the strain of rat being used for the rat genome sequencing project whilst also evaluating standard measurement techniques. METHODS: Ocular refraction (retinoscopy, Hartinger coincidence optometry) and ocular component dimensions (keratometry, A-scan ultrasonography, calliper measures, eye weight) were measured at intervals from eye-opening to adulthood. RESULTS: There was no convincing evidence of visually guided emmetropisation during normal development. Key measurement techniques such as high-resolution A-scan ultrasonography, which work effectively in several other animal species, were unusable or inaccurate in the rat. CONCLUSIONS: This study found no evidence of emmetropisation during normal development in rat. As in mice, technical difficulties prevent accurate measurement of ocular refraction and vitreous chamber depth and may complicate tests of emmetropisation to imposed blur.

[The recovery of binocular vision in the early post-operative stage of senile cataract patient].

OBJECTIVE: To study the recovery of binocular vision and the risk factors that affect the recovery in the early post-operative stage of senile cataract patients. METHODS: Patients undergone extracapsular cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation (ECCE group) or cataract phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation (PHACO group) were examined for their corrected visual acuity, refractive power, simultaneous perception, fusion, near and far-distance stereoacuity. RESULTS: Before operation, the visual acuity was worse in the ECCE group than that in the PHACO group (chi(2) = 9.769, P < 0.05); After operation, the visual acuity between ECCE group and PHACO group was not statistically significant (chi(2) = 0.52 for operated eyes, P > 0.05, chi(2) = 3.52 for non-operated eyes, P > 0.05). The cylinder anisometropia in ECCE group was worse than the PHACO group (chi(2) = 12.496, P < 0.01). All patients obtained simultaneous perception and fusion sense. There was more or less far-distance stereoacuity 83.3% in ECCE group and 94.7% in PHACO group, which was no statistical significant (chi(2) = 1.456, P > 0.05). Foveal near stereoacuity was established in ECCE group (2.8%) and in PHACO group (21.1%), which were statistically significant (chi(2) = 5.029, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There is incomplete recovery of binocular vision in the early post-operative stage of senile cataract patients. The vision depression, especially monocular depression before surgery and the anisometropia after operation may affect the recovery of binocular vision.