Correlation of fundamental movement skills with health-related fitness elements in children and adolescents: A systematic review.

Objective: To examine the correlations between fundamental movement skills and health-related fitness elements (cardiopulmonary function, flexibility, body composition, muscle strength and endurance) in children and adolescents and investigate the evaluation methods and tools of fundamental movement skills and health-related fitness. Methods: Six electronic databases (Web of Science, PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus, EBSCO and CNKI) were searched, and the research literature on the correlation between children's and adolescents' fundamental movement skills and health-related fitness published since 2002 was collected. The guidelines of the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement and the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement were used to evaluate the quality of the literature, and the sources, samples, measurement methods, main results and statistical data of the study were analyzed, summarized and discussed. Results: After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 49 studies were included. There were 13 tools for evaluating fundamental movement skills and 4 tools for evaluating comprehensive health-related fitness in the included literature. Sufficient research evidence supports a significant positive correlation between fundamental movement skills and cardiopulmonary function (10, 100%) and muscle strength and endurance (12, 100%), and most studies support the positive correlation between fundamental movement skills and flexibility (4, 66.7%), and the significant negative correlation between fundamental movement skills and body composition (29, 67.4%). Studies used skinfold, AF%, BF%, FM, and FFMI as evaluation methods. They showed a consistently significant negative correlation between body composition and fundamental movement skills (9, 100%), while BMI or waist circumference as evaluation methods showed no consistent significant negative correlation result (20, 58.8%). Moreover, in the sub-item evaluation of fundamental movement skills, object manipulation, locomotor and balance skills were all significantly and positively correlated with cardiopulmonary function and muscle strength and endurance. In contrast, locomotor skills were more closely related to body composition than object manipulation skills. Conclusion: A significant correlation exists between children's and adolescents' fundamental movement skills and health-related fitness elements.

Defining sports moral character and clarifying its related concepts.

This study examines the concept of sports moral character and clarifies the differences between it and related moral concepts in sports. The research is conceptual and uses the methods of a literature review and logical analysis. Sports moral character is shown to have the characteristics of practicality, growth, and integration. It is a stable moral quality that is gradually formed and displayed in sports practice under the influence of family, school, and social environments. Sports moral character differs in some ways from other related concepts. Sports morality is the objective existence of "reason," to which sports character and sportsmanship are both more applicable than is sports moral character.

Cancer screening and prevention education in standardized training residents: A cross-sectional survey in single center.

BACKGROUND: Standardized residency training is an essential aspect of enhancing the ability of cancer prevention and screening of residents. The current study was performed to investigate tumor prevention, screening literacy and the training demands of standardized training residents and explore related influencing factors. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 320 residents of The First Hospital of Lanzhou University. An online, self-designed questionnaire was employed to investigate tumor prevention and screening, training status, and the requirements of residents. Data were analyzed using Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: The mean age of the 320 participants was 26.04 ± 1.85 years;133, 83, and 104 were in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd year of standardized training, respectively. Among the common carcinogenic factors, smoking, infectious agents, and drinking were more correlated with tumors by 72.19, 66.57, and 64.38% of the physicians, respectively. Excess body weight, an insufficient intake of fruits and dietary fiber, and a lack of exercise were correlated with tumors by only 26.56, 25, and 23.44% of the physicians, respectively. The proportion of physicians providing an accurate answer to the tumor screening question ranged from 23.13 to 93.13%. The lowest accuracy was 23.13% for the initial age of regular breast cancer screening in general-risk women. The maximum rate of the primary liver cancer screening methods was 93.13%. Postgraduates and residents of oncology practitioners considered excess body weight and the insufficient intake of fruits and dietary fiber more relevant to cancer (P < 0.05). Male residents viewed more associations between tumors and a lack of exercise and air pollution (P < 0.05). Overall, 71.26% of participants felt that their tumor prevention and screening knowledge was poor and 95.31% thought they needed standardized tumor prevention and screening training. CONCLUSION: Tumor prevention and screening literacy of standardized training residents should be further improved. There is a huge knowledge demand for tumor prevention and screening. Therefore, it is vital to build a training program in line with the requirements of cancer prevention and control efforts that focus on improving literacy among residents.

Clinical features, treatment and outcomes in patients with tracheal adenoid cystic carcinoma: a systematic literature review.

BACKGROUND: Primary tracheal adenoid cystic carcinoma (TACC) is rare and originates from the minor salivary gland. Biologically, TACC results in delayed presentation, and the therapeutic effects of multimodal treatment differ across individuals. This study aimed to review cases of TACC to identify clinical features, imaging modalities, treatment, and patient outcomes across follow-ups. METHODS: The PubMed, Web of Science and MEDLINE databases were searched to identify articles reporting cases of TACC. The study variables included in the analysis were patient demographics, biological characteristics, presenting symptoms, imaging modalities, treatments, follow-up times and survival outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 76 articles and 1252 cases were included in this review. The most common presenting symptom was dyspnoea (86.0%), followed by cough (58.0%). Surgery alone (40.9%), surgery with postoperative radiotherapy (36.4%) and radiotherapy alone (19.2%) were used most frequently treatments modalities. Of the 1129 cases with disease control and survival data, there was no evidence of disease in 78.7%, local recurrence was reported in 3.8%. Distant metastasis rate was 24.9% of 418 reported cases, lung (44.2%) was the most commonly involved organ. The 5, 10 years survival rate of patients treated with surgery alone and surgery with postoperative radiotherapy were 86.4%, 55.6% and 97.3%, 44.4%, respectively. CONCLUSION: TACC most common presenting symptoms were dyspnoea, cough and shortness of breath. Surgery alone and surgery with postoperative radiotherapy are predominant treatment modalities. Both seems to provide a good result in term of disease control and long-term survival rate in patients with TACC.

Formation mechanism of the nanostructure in laser streaming phenomenon.

Laser streaming is a phenomenon in which liquid streaming is driven directly from the laser through an in situ fabricated nanostructure. In this study, liquid streaming of a gold nanoparticle suspension driven by a pulsed laser was studied using a high-speed camera. The laser streaming formation time, streaming velocity, and relative energy conversion efficiency of laser streaming was measured for different nanoparticle concentrations, focal lens position, laser powers, and laser repetition rates. In addition to the laser intensity, which played a significant role in the formation process of laser streaming, the optical gradient force was found to be an important approach involved in the transport and provision of nanoparticles during the formation of laser streaming. This finding facilitated a better understanding of the formation mechanism of laser streaming and demonstrated the possibilities of a new potential laser etching technique based on nanosecond lasers and nanoparticle suspensions. This result can also expand the application of laser streaming in microfluids and other fields that require lasers to move macroscopic objects at relatively high speeds.

Inhibition of the hypoxia-induced factor-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor expression through ginsenoside Rg3 in human gastric cancer cells.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to probe in the inhibitory effects of ginsenoside Rg3 on the expression of hypoxia-induced factor-1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human gastric cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Human gastric cancer BGC823 cells were divided into the control group and experiment group, and expression levels of HIF-1α and VEGF were detected by immunocytochemistry and Western blot after cells were cultured under hypoxia for different durations. RESULTS: Under hypoxia, expression of HIF-1α and VEGF in human gastric cancer BGC823 cells showed an increasing trend, and that was remarkably lower in experiment group than in the control group after applying Rg3, which was obvious at 12 and 24 h (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Rg3 can inhibit expression of HIF-1α and VEGF in human gastric cancer cells and may influence abdominal implantation metastasis of gastric cancer through inhibiting its expression.

Outcomes and prognostic factors of patients with stage IB and IIA pancreatic cancer according to the 8th edition American Joint Committee on Cancer criteria.

AIM: To evaluate the changes in the 8th edition American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) for defining stage IB and IIA pancreatic cancer and identify their prognostic factors. METHODS: Pancreatic cancer patients were selected from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database (1973-2013). The enrolled patients were divided into IB and IIA groups based on tumor size according to the 8th edition AJCC criteria. Clinical characteristics, including age, gender, race, tumor size, primary site, and grade were summarized. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to explore the prognostic factors of the IB and IIA stages of pancreatic cancer under new criteria. RESULTS: A total of 1349 pancreatic cancer patients were included. More patients had stage IB rather than stage IIA. Stage IB tumors (54.85%) were mainly located in the head of the pancreas, while stage IIA tumors were more often located in the tail and head of the pancreas (35.21% and 31.75%, respectively). The survival time of stage IB and IIA patients had no significant difference. Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that the prognostic factors of survival for stage IB and IIA patients were different. For stage IB patients, age and primary site were the independent prognostic factors; for stage IIA patients, age and grade were the independent prognostic factors. The risk of death was lower among patients aged ≤ 65 years than those aged > 65 years. CONCLUSION: The prognostic factors for stage IB and IIA patients are different, but age is the independent prognostic factor for all patients. The survival time of stage IB and IIA patients has no significant difference.