Adaptación del equipo docente del laboratorio de aprendizaje de prácticas simuladas al proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje en modalidad virtual. Relato de experiencia. / Adaptation of the teaching team of the simulated practice learning laboratory to the teaching-learning process in virtual mode. Experience report

El presente relato describe la adaptación que atravesó el equipo docente del Laboratorio de Aprendizaje de Prácticas Simuladas en una institución educativa de nivel universitario en Argentina al enfrentar el cambio en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, para ajustarse a las nuevas modalidades educativas con el fn de dar seguimiento a las actividades prácticas de simulación. En base a ello, se buscó reconocer como se logró, en dos aspectos: en primer lugar, relacionado a las tecnologías que debieron de adquirir; y en segundo, referido a las plataformas que debieron utilizar, considerándose los cambios a evaluar e implementar en la virtualidad, sirvieron como punto de partida para la creación de reglamentos y propuestas pedagógicas en simulación clínica. A modo de cierre, se arribó a conclusiones y retroalimentaciones positivas en cuanto a los objetivos planteados, pudiendo así implementar favorablemente estrategias tales como plataformas de trasmisión (streaming), recursos digitales e interrogación. (debriefng)[AU]

This report describes the adaptation that the teaching team of the Simulated Practices Learning Laboratory went through in a university-level educational institution in Argentina when facing the change in the teaching-learning process, to adjust to the new educational modalities in order to follow up on practical simulation activities. Based on this, we sought to recognize how it was achieved in two aspects; in the frst place, related to the technologies that they had to acquire; and secondly, referring to the platforms that they had to use, considering the changes to be evaluated and implemented in virtuality, which served as a starting point for the creation of regulations and pedagogical proposals in clinical simulation. By way of closing, positive conclusions and feedback were reached regarding the objectives set, thus being able to favorably implement strategies such as streaming, digital resources and debriefng[AU]

Este relatório descreve a adaptação que a equipe docente do Laboratório de Aprendizagem de Práticas Simuladas passou em uma instituição educacional de nível universitário na Argentina diante da mudança no processo de ensino-aprendizagem, para se adequar às novas modalidades educacionais para acompanhar atividades práticas de simulação. Com base nisso, buscou-se reconhecer como isso foi alcançado em dois aspectos; em primeiro lugar, relacionadas com as tecnologias que tiveram de adquirir; e em segundo lugar, referindo-se às plataformas que deveriam utilizar, considerando as mudanças a serem avaliadas e implementadas na virtualidade, que serviram de ponto de partida para a criação de normativas e propostas pedagógicas em simulação clínica. Em jeito de encerramento, chegaram-se a conclusões e feedback positivos relativamente aos objetivos traçados, podendo assim implementar de forma favorável estratégias como streaming, recursos digitais e debriefng[AU]

[Work demands and alcohol consumption: the job group's role]. / Demandas laborales y consumo de alcohol: el rol del grupo de trabajo.

The current study aimed to determine whether workgroup identification and alcohol consumption social norms of workgroup moderates the relationship between job demands and alcohol consumption in workers. Regression analysis using the moderated moderation macro in a sample of workers from a telecommunications company in Chile (N = 1,143) supports the hypothesis of moderated moderation: high workgroup identification with with unfavorable social norms of alcohol consumption by the group buffered the relationship between job demands and alcohol consumption of workers (B = -0.080; t = -2.01; p = 0.04; 95%CI: -0.1600; -0.0024), and the high workgroup identification with favorable social norms of alcohol consumption by the group increases the relationship between job demands and alcohol consumption of workers (B = 0.170; t = 2.36; p = 0.01; 95%CI: 0.030; 0.322). The results suggest that strong identification with workgroup and their social norms for alcohol consumption are job resources that can jointly affect or protect workers exposed to heavy work demands. Attention should thus be focused on the potential positive versus harmful effects of these work resources.

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar si la identificación con grupos de trabajo, con normas desfavorables y favorables de consumo de alcohol del grupo de trabajo, modera la relación entre las demandas del trabajo y el consumo de alcohol en trabajadores. A través de una análisis de regresión, usando la macro de moderación moderada en una muestra de trabajadores de una empresa de telecomunicaciones de Chile (N = 1.143), se presta apoyo a las hipótesis de moderación moderada: la alta identificación con grupos de trabajo con normas desfavorables de consumo de alcohol de ese grupo amortigua la relación entre las demandas del trabajo y el consumo de alcohol en trabajadores (B = -0,080; t = -2,01; p = 0,04; IC95%: -0,1600; -0,0024) y la alta identificación con grupos de trabajo con normas favorables de consumo de alcohol de ese grupo incrementa la relación entre las demandas del trabajo y el consumo de alcohol en trabajadores (B = 0,170; t = 2,36; p = 0,01; IC95%: 0,030; 0,322). Estos resultados sugieren que la alta identificación con grupos de trabajo y sus normas sociales de consumo de alcohol son recursos laborales que, de manera conjunta, pueden afectar o proteger a trabajadores expuestos a altas demandas laborales. Por lo tanto, se recomienda atender a los potenciales efectos positivos, así como también a los efectos perniciosos, de estos recursos laborales.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar se a identificação com grupos de trabalho, com normas desfavoráveis e favoráveis de consumo de álcool do grupo de trabalho, medeia a relação entre as exigências do trabalho e o consumo de álcool dos trabalhadores. Uma análise de regressão, usando a macro de mediação moderada numa amostra de trabalhadores de uma empresa de telecomunicações do Chile (N = 1.143), sustenta as hipóteses de mediação moderada: a alta identificação com grupos de trabalho com normas desfavoráveis de consumo de álcool desse grupo mitiga a relação entre as exigências do trabalho e o consumo de álcool nos trabalhadores (B = -0,080; t = -2,01; p = 0,04; IC95%: -0,1600; -0,0024) e a alta identificação com grupos de trabalho com normas favoráveis de consumo de álcool desse grupo incrementa a relação entre as exigências do trabalho e o consumo de álcool nos trabalhadores (B = 0,170; t = 2,36; p = 0,01; IC95%: 0,030; 0,322). Estes resultados sugerem que a alta identificação com grupos de trabalho e suas normas sociais de consumo de álcool são recursos laborais que, de maneira conjunta, podem afetar ou proteger trabalhadores expostos a altas exigências laborais. Portanto, recomendam-se considerar os potenciais efeitos positivos, como também os efeitos perniciosos, desses recursos laborais.

Demandas laborales y consumo de alcohol: el rol del grupo de trabajo / Work demands and alcohol consumption: the job groups role / Exigências laborais e consumo de álcool: o papel do grupo de trabalho

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar si la identificación con grupos de trabajo, con normas desfavorables y favorables de consumo de alcohol del grupo de trabajo, modera la relación entre las demandas del trabajo y el consumo de alcohol en trabajadores. A través de una análisis de regresión, usando la macro de moderación moderada en una muestra de trabajadores de una empresa de telecomunicaciones de Chile (N = 1.143), se presta apoyo a las hipótesis de moderación moderada: la alta identificación con grupos de trabajo con normas desfavorables de consumo de alcohol de ese grupo amortigua la relación entre las demandas del trabajo y el consumo de alcohol en trabajadores (B = -0,080; t = -2,01; p = 0,04; IC95%: -0,1600; -0,0024) y la alta identificación con grupos de trabajo con normas favorables de consumo de alcohol de ese grupo incrementa la relación entre las demandas del trabajo y el consumo de alcohol en trabajadores (B = 0,170; t = 2,36; p = 0,01; IC95%: 0,030; 0,322). Estos resultados sugieren que la alta identificación con grupos de trabajo y sus normas sociales de consumo de alcohol son recursos laborales que, de manera conjunta, pueden afectar o proteger a trabajadores expuestos a altas demandas laborales. Por lo tanto, se recomienda atender a los potenciales efectos positivos, así como también a los efectos perniciosos, de estos recursos laborales.

The current study aimed to determine whether workgroup identification and alcohol consumption social norms of workgroup moderates the relationship between job demands and alcohol consumption in workers. Regression analysis using the moderated moderation macro in a sample of workers from a telecommunications company in Chile (N = 1,143) supports the hypothesis of moderated moderation: high workgroup identification with with unfavorable social norms of alcohol consumption by the group buffered the relationship between job demands and alcohol consumption of workers (B = -0.080; t = -2.01; p = 0.04; 95%CI: -0.1600; -0.0024), and the high workgroup identification with favorable social norms of alcohol consumption by the group increases the relationship between job demands and alcohol consumption of workers (B = 0.170; t = 2.36; p = 0.01; 95%CI: 0.030; 0.322). The results suggest that strong identification with workgroup and their social norms for alcohol consumption are job resources that can jointly affect or protect workers exposed to heavy work demands. Attention should thus be focused on the potential positive versus harmful effects of these work resources.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar se a identificação com grupos de trabalho, com normas desfavoráveis e favoráveis de consumo de álcool do grupo de trabalho, medeia a relação entre as exigências do trabalho e o consumo de álcool dos trabalhadores. Uma análise de regressão, usando a macro de mediação moderada numa amostra de trabalhadores de uma empresa de telecomunicações do Chile (N = 1.143), sustenta as hipóteses de mediação moderada: a alta identificação com grupos de trabalho com normas desfavoráveis de consumo de álcool desse grupo mitiga a relação entre as exigências do trabalho e o consumo de álcool nos trabalhadores (B = -0,080; t = -2,01; p = 0,04; IC95%: -0,1600; -0,0024) e a alta identificação com grupos de trabalho com normas favoráveis de consumo de álcool desse grupo incrementa a relação entre as exigências do trabalho e o consumo de álcool nos trabalhadores (B = 0,170; t = 2,36; p = 0,01; IC95%: 0,030; 0,322). Estes resultados sugerem que a alta identificação com grupos de trabalho e suas normas sociais de consumo de álcool são recursos laborais que, de maneira conjunta, podem afetar ou proteger trabalhadores expostos a altas exigências laborais. Portanto, recomendam-se considerar os potenciais efeitos positivos, como também os efeitos perniciosos, desses recursos laborais.

An integrated pan-tropical biomass map using multiple reference datasets.

We combined two existing datasets of vegetation aboveground biomass (AGB) (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108, 2011, 9899; Nature Climate Change, 2, 2012, 182) into a pan-tropical AGB map at 1-km resolution using an independent reference dataset of field observations and locally calibrated high-resolution biomass maps, harmonized and upscaled to 14 477 1-km AGB estimates. Our data fusion approach uses bias removal and weighted linear averaging that incorporates and spatializes the biomass patterns indicated by the reference data. The method was applied independently in areas (strata) with homogeneous error patterns of the input (Saatchi and Baccini) maps, which were estimated from the reference data and additional covariates. Based on the fused map, we estimated AGB stock for the tropics (23.4 N-23.4 S) of 375 Pg dry mass, 9-18% lower than the Saatchi and Baccini estimates. The fused map also showed differing spatial patterns of AGB over large areas, with higher AGB density in the dense forest areas in the Congo basin, Eastern Amazon and South-East Asia, and lower values in Central America and in most dry vegetation areas of Africa than either of the input maps. The validation exercise, based on 2118 estimates from the reference dataset not used in the fusion process, showed that the fused map had a RMSE 15-21% lower than that of the input maps and, most importantly, nearly unbiased estimates (mean bias 5 Mg dry mass ha(-1) vs. 21 and 28 Mg ha(-1) for the input maps). The fusion method can be applied at any scale including the policy-relevant national level, where it can provide improved biomass estimates by integrating existing regional biomass maps as input maps and additional, country-specific reference datasets.

Analysis of biophysical and anthropogenic variables and their relation to the regional spatial variation of aboveground biomass illustrated for North and East Kalimantan, Borneo.

BACKGROUND: Land use and land cover change occurring in tropical forest landscapes contributes substantially to carbon emissions. Better insights into the spatial variation of aboveground biomass is therefore needed. By means of multiple statistical tests, including geographically weighted regression, we analysed the effects of eight variables on the regional spatial variation of aboveground biomass. North and East Kalimantan were selected as the case study region; the third largest carbon emitting Indonesian provinces. RESULTS: Strong positive relationships were found between aboveground biomass and the tested variables; altitude, slope, land allocation zoning, soil type, and distance to the nearest fire, road, river and city. Furthermore, the results suggest that the regional spatial variation of aboveground biomass can be largely attributed to altitude, distance to nearest fire and land allocation zoning. CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that in this landscape, aboveground biomass could not be explained by one single variable; the variables were interrelated, with altitude as the dominant variable. Spatial analyses should therefore integrate a variety of biophysical and anthropogenic variables to provide a better understanding of spatial variation in aboveground biomass. Efforts to minimise carbon emissions should incorporate the identified factors, by 1) the maintenance of lands with high AGB or carbon stocks, namely in the identified zones at the higher altitudes; and 2) regeneration or sustainable utilisation of lands with low AGB or carbon stocks, dependent on the regeneration capacity of the vegetation. Low aboveground biomass densities can be found in the lowlands in burned areas, and in non-forest zones and production forests.

Four decades of forest persistence, clearance and logging on Borneo.

The native forests of Borneo have been impacted by selective logging, fire, and conversion to plantations at unprecedented scales since industrial-scale extractive industries began in the early 1970s. There is no island-wide documentation of forest clearance or logging since the 1970s. This creates an information gap for conservation planning, especially with regard to selectively logged forests that maintain high conservation potential. Analysing LANDSAT images, we estimate that 75.7% (558,060 km2) of Borneo's area (737,188 km2) was forested around 1973. Based upon a forest cover map for 2010 derived using ALOS-PALSAR and visually reviewing LANDSAT images, we estimate that the 1973 forest area had declined by 168,493 km2 (30.2%) in 2010. The highest losses were recorded in Sabah and Kalimantan with 39.5% and 30.7% of their total forest area in 1973 becoming non-forest in 2010, and the lowest in Brunei and Sarawak (8.4%, and 23.1%). We estimate that the combined area planted in industrial oil palm and timber plantations in 2010 was 75,480 km2, representing 10% of Borneo. We mapped 271,819 km of primary logging roads that were created between 1973 and 2010. The greatest density of logging roads was found in Sarawak, at 0.89 km km-2, and the lowest density in Brunei, at 0.18 km km-2. Analyzing MODIS-based tree cover maps, we estimate that logging operated within 700 m of primary logging roads. Using this distance, we estimate that 266,257 km2 of 1973 forest cover has been logged. With 389,566 km2 (52.8%) of the island remaining forested, of which 209,649 km2 remains intact. There is still hope for biodiversity conservation in Borneo. Protecting logged forests from fire and conversion to plantations is an urgent priority for reducing rates of deforestation in Borneo.

Ecological strategies of woolly monkeys (Lagothrix lagotricha) at Tinigua National Park, Colombia.

Information on the use of space, activity patterns, diet, and social interactions were recorded for a group of woolly monkeys (Lagothrix lagotricha) during 13 months at Tinigua National Park, Macarena, Colombia. In this region, fruit abundance changes throughout the year with a peak during March-April (beginning of the rainy season) and less fruit during September-November (end of rainy season). Woolly monkeys spent most of their time in mature forest where fruit abundance is higher than in opendegraded or flooded forests. Changes in habitat used by monkeys were coupled with changes in fruit supply across vegetation types. On an annual basis, woolly monkeys spent 24% of point samples locomoting, 36% resting, 36% feeding, and 4% on other activities. However, these proportions varied across the year depending on fruit availability. Based on instantaneous samples, the diet consisted mostly of fruits (60%), arthropods (23%), vegetative parts and flowers (17%), and other items (1%). Non-lactating females and juveniles spent more time eating insects than adult males and lactating females; however, significant differences between classes were detected only during the period of fruit scarcity. These differences are probably due to the high extent to which non-lactating females and juveniles were excluded from fruiting trees by males. The high proportion of arthropods in their diet is unusual for primates with large body size and is a possible factor influencing group cohesiveness in woolly monkeys. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.