RESUMO
The COVID-19 pandemic is one of the challenges of the 21st century; science and technology were put to the test for the development vaccines, diagnostic techniques and treatments in record time. However, misinformation and misinterpretation have made the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines a subject of debate. This review addresses concepts on immunization mechanisms and vaccination, as well as evidence supporting that COVID-19 vaccines are immunogenic, efficacious and safe.
La pandemia de COVID-19 es uno de los retos del siglo XXI; la ciencia y la tecnología se pusieron a prueba para desarrollar vacunas, técnicas diagnósticas y tratamientos en tiempo récord. No obstante, la desinformación y mala interpretación han hecho que la seguridad y eficacia de las vacunas contra COVID-19 sean un tema de debate. En esta revisión se abordan conceptos sobre los mecanismos de la inmunización y la vacunación; así como la evidencia que sostiene que las vacunas contra COVID-19 son inmunogénicas, eficaces y seguras.
Assuntos
Vacinas contra COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Humanos , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Pandemias , Imunização , Tecnologia , VacinaçãoRESUMO
Resumen La pandemia de COVID-19 es uno de los retos del siglo XXI; la ciencia y la tecnología se pusieron a prueba para desarrollar vacunas, técnicas diagnósticas y tratamientos en tiempo récord. No obstante, la desinformación y mala interpretación han hecho que la seguridad y eficacia de las vacunas contra COVID-19 sean un tema de debate. En esta revisión se abordan conceptos sobre los mecanismos de la inmunización y la vacunación; así como la evidencia que sostiene que las vacunas contra COVID-19 son inmunogénicas, eficaces y seguras.
Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic is one of the challenges of the 21st century; science and technology were put to the test for the development vaccines, diagnostic techniques and treatments in record time. However, misinformation and misinterpretation have made the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines a subject of debate. This review addresses concepts on immunization mechanisms and vaccination, as well as evidence supporting that COVID-19 vaccines are immunogenic, efficacious and safe.
RESUMO
Precision medicine is a reality in some diseases; it supports the development of accurate and specific diagnostic methods, new drugs and molecules. Our research team in Mexico, made up of clinical and biomedical researchers, has been performing free RET gene mutational diagnosis for medullary thyroid cancer and multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) 2 and 3 for 20 years. RET pathogenic variants in the Mexican population are consistent with reported data: most common mutations are 634/NEM2 and 918/NEM3. Currently, new nanobiotechnology methods are being developed for this type of determination in order to obtain faster, simpler, more sensitive and specific results applicable in all types of laboratories.
La medicina de precisión en algunas enfermedades es una realidad; respalda el desarrollo de métodos diagnósticos certeros y específicos, de nuevas drogas y moléculas. Nuestro equipo de investigación en México, conformado por investigadores clínicos y biomédicos, desde hace 20 años realiza de forma gratuita el diagnóstico mutacional del gen RET y su relación con el cáncer medular de tiroides y la neoplasia endocrina múltiple (NEM) 2 y 3. Las variantes patogénicas de RET en la población mexicana coinciden con los datos reportados: la mayoría con 634/NEM2 y 918/NEM3. Actualmente se están desarrollando nuevos métodos de nanobiotecnología para este tipo de determinaciones, de tal forma que puedan obtenerse resultados más rápidos, simples, sensibles y específicos aplicables en todo tipo de laboratorio.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Medular , Neoplasia Endócrina Múltipla Tipo 2a , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide , Carcinoma Medular/genética , Humanos , México , Neoplasia Endócrina Múltipla Tipo 2a/diagnóstico , Neoplasia Endócrina Múltipla Tipo 2a/genética , Neoplasia Endócrina Múltipla Tipo 2a/patologia , Medicina de Precisão , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-ret/genética , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/patologiaRESUMO
Resumen La medicina de precisión en algunas enfermedades es una realidad; respalda el desarrollo de métodos diagnósticos certeros y específicos, de nuevas drogas y moléculas. Nuestro equipo de investigación en México, conformado por investigadores clínicos y biomédicos, desde hace 20 años realiza de forma gratuita el diagnóstico mutacional del gen RET y su relación con el cáncer medular de tiroides y la neoplasia endocrina múltiple (NEM) 2 y 3. Las variantes patogénicas de RET en la población mexicana coinciden con los datos reportados: la mayoría con 634/NEM2 y 918/NEM3. Actualmente se están desarrollando nuevos métodos de nanobiotecnología para este tipo de determinaciones, de tal forma que puedan obtenerse resultados más rápidos, simples, sensibles y específicos aplicables en todo tipo de laboratorio.
Abstract Precision medicine is a reality in some diseases; it supports the development of accurate and specific diagnostic methods, new drugs and molecules. Our research team in Mexico, made up of clinical and biomedical researchers, has been performing free RET gene mutational diagnosis for medullary thyroid cancer and multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) 2 and 3 for 20 years. RET pathogenic variants in the Mexican population are consistent with reported data: most common mutations are 634/NEM2 and 918/NEM3. Currently, new nanobiotechnology methods are being developed for this type of determination in order to obtain faster, simpler, more sensitive and specific results applicable in all types of laboratories.
RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Laparoscopic hysterectomy (LH) is a safe surgical approach that offers patients a faster recovery. However, its use in malignant or premalignant gynecological lesions is not well established. The objective of the present study was to show the feasibility of LH in a tertiary cancer center. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted a descriptive analysis of patients with histologically proven malignant or premalignant uterine lesions who underwent to LH. Surgical time, bleeding complications, and hospital stay were evaluated. RESULTS: Twenty-five patients were included with a mean age of 45 years. Ten LH (40%) with or without salpingo-oophorectomy for premalignant or preinvasive malignant lesions were done, five surgical staging procedures for endometrial cancer (20%) and seven radical hysterectomies for cervical cancer (28%). In three patients, conversion from laparotomy (12%) was necessary for operative complications (two cases) or technical problems (one case). Mean operative time for the entire group was 207 min, mean bleeding 204 mL and mean hospital stay was 2.5 days. Postoperative complications were present in two patients, hematoma in the vaginal cupola (one case) and temporary bladder dysfunction (one case). CONCLUSIONS: In the present trial we described our initial experience in LH for the treatment of malignant and premalignant gynecologic diseases. Our results suggest that it is a safe and feasible surgical approach. Long-term surveillance studies are necessary for the evaluation of recurrence patterns and overall survival.