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1.
Open Respir Arch ; 5(4): 100277, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37886027

RESUMO

The Spanish Guideline on the Management of Asthma, better known by its acronym in Spanish GEMA, has been available for more than 20 years. Twenty-one scientific societies or related groups both from Spain and internationally have participated in the preparation and development of the updated edition of GEMA, which in fact has been currently positioned as the reference guide on asthma in the Spanish language worldwide. Its objective is to prevent and improve the clinical situation of people with asthma by increasing the knowledge of healthcare professionals involved in their care. Its purpose is to convert scientific evidence into simple and easy-to-follow practical recommendations. Therefore, it is not a monograph that brings together all the scientific knowledge about the disease, but rather a brief document with the essentials, designed to be applied quickly in routine clinical practice. The guidelines are necessarily multidisciplinary, developed to be useful and an indispensable tool for physicians of different specialties, as well as nurses and pharmacists. Probably the most outstanding aspects of the guide are the recommendations to: establish the diagnosis of asthma using a sequential algorithm based on objective diagnostic tests; the follow-up of patients, preferably based on the strategy of achieving and maintaining control of the disease; treatment according to the level of severity of asthma, using six steps from least to greatest need of pharmaceutical drugs, and the treatment algorithm for the indication of biologics in patients with severe uncontrolled asthma based on phenotypes. And now, in addition to that, there is a novelty for easy use and follow-up through a computer application based on the chatbot-type conversational artificial intelligence (ia-GEMA).


La Guía Española para el Manejo del Asma, mejor conocida por su acrónimo en español, GEMA, está a nuestra disposición desde hace más de veinte años. Veintiuna sociedades científicas o grupos relacionados, tanto de España como de otros países, han participado en la preparación y desarrollo de la edición actualizada de GEMA que, de hecho, se ha posicionado en la actualidad a nivel mundial como la guía de referencia sobre asma en lengua española.Su objetivo es prevenir y mejorar la situación clínica de las personas con asma, aumentando el conocimiento de los profesionales sanitarios involucrados en su cuidado. Su propósito es convertir la evidencia científica en recomendaciones prácticas sencillas y fáciles de seguir. Por lo tanto, no se trata de una monografía que reúna todo el conocimiento científico sobre la enfermedad, sino más bien de un documento conciso con lo esencial, diseñado para ser aplicado rápidamente en la práctica clínica de rutina. Las recomendaciones son necesariamente multidisciplinares, están desarrolladas para ser útiles y una herramienta indispensable para médicos de diferentes especialidades, así como para profesionales de enfermería y farmacia.Seguramente, los aspectos más destacados de la guía son las recomendaciones para: establecer el diagnóstico del asma utilizando un algoritmo secuencial basado en pruebas diagnósticas objetivas; el seguimiento de los pacientes, preferentemente basado en la estrategia de lograr y mantener el control de la enfermedad; el tratamiento según el nivel de gravedad del asma utilizando seis escalones, desde la menor hasta la mayor necesidad de medicamentos, y el algoritmo de tratamiento basado en fenotipos para la indicación de biológicos en pacientes con asma grave no controlada. A esto se suma ahora una novedad para su fácil uso y seguimiento a través de una aplicación informática basada en la inteligencia artificial conversacional de tipo chatbot (ia-GEMA).

6.
Arch Bronconeumol ; 46(8): 411-9, 2010 Aug.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20576341

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To assess the level of agreement on the GEMA 2009 clinical recommendations by a Spanish expert panel on asthma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was divided into four stages: 1) establishment of a 9 member scientific committee (GEMA authors) for selection of GEMA recommendations to use in the survey; 2) formation of a panel of 74 professionals with expertise in this field (pulmonologists, allergists, family doctors, ear, nose and throat and paediatric specialists); 3) Delphi survey in two rounds, sent by mail, with intermediate processing of opinions and a report to the panel members; and 4) analysis and discussion of results for the Scientific Committee. RESULTS: Seventy four participants completed the two rounds of survey. During the first round, a consensus was reached in 49 out of 56 questions analysed. Following discussion by the panel, the consensus was increased to a total of 53 items in the survey. With respect to the remaining questions, Insufficient consensus was obtained on the rest of the questions, due to differing views between sub-specialists, or lack of criteria by most of the experts. CONCLUSIONS: The external analysis by asthma experts from different specialities showed a high level of professional agreement with the GEMA 2009 recommendations in Spain (96.5%). The disagreement shown in three recommendations reflect the lack of a high level evidence. These issues represent areas of interest for future research.


Assuntos
Asma/diagnóstico , Asma/terapia , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Criança , Técnica Delphi , Humanos
7.
Cienc. Trab ; 9(23): 13-17, ene.-mar. 2007. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-475871

RESUMO

El asma ocupacional (AO) es la enfermedad laboral más frecuente en países desarrollados, correspondiendo a un 10 a 15 por ciento de todos los casos de asma. Se han descrito aproximadamente 325 sustancias capaces de producir esta enfermedad. El asma de origen ocupacional debe distinguirse del asma no laboral agravada por el trabajo y puede clasificarse etiológicamente como inmunológica y no inmunológica. El diagnóstico se basa en la historia clínica, el uso de pruebas cutáneas, el seguimiento flujométrico y pruebas de provocación bronquial inespecíficas (metacolina, histamina) y específicas para el agente involucrado. El esputo inducido y la medición de óxido nítrico exhalado también podrían ser de utilidad. En el tratamiento es fundamental retirar al trabajador de la exposición lo más pronto posible, además de corticoides inhalatorios y broncodilatadores a demanda. La valoración de la incapacidad debe hacerse cuando la enfermedad está estable y hasta dos años después. El AO suele provocar una reducción en el nivel socioeconómico en las personas afectadas y, por lo tanto, tiene impacto social.


Occupational Asthma (OA) is the most frequently occurring workrelated disease in developed countries, accounting for a 10 to 15 % of all cases of asthma. About 325 substances capable of producing this disease have been described. Occupational origin asthma must be distinguished from non-occupational asthma aggravated by work and may be etiologically classified as immunological and nonimmunological. The diagnosis is based on the clinical history, the use of skin tests, flowmeter follow up and unspecific bronchial challenge tests (methacholine, histamine) and specific for involved agent. Induced sputum and measurement of expired nitric oxide could also be useful. The fundamental treatment is removing the worker from exposure as soon as possible, as well as inhalatory corticosteroid and bronchodilators on demand. Disability valuation must be made when the disease is stable and up to two years after. OA usually produces a reduction in the socioeconomic level of people affected and therefore has a social impact.


Assuntos
Humanos , Asma/diagnóstico , Hiper-Reatividade Brônquica , Testes de Provocação Brônquica , Saúde Ocupacional
9.
J Allergy Clin Immunol ; 111(2): 415-9, 2003 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12589365

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Occupational asthma (OA) caused by carmine (E-120) has been reported. OBJECTIVE: We sought to evaluate the prevalence of sensitization and OA at a natural dye processing factory in which 2 workers had been given a diagnosis of carmine-induced OA 6 years previously. METHODS: The 24 current employees and one worker who had recently left work because of asthma completed a questionnaire and underwent skin testing (carmine, cochineal, carminic acid, curcuma, annato, and chlorophyll), carmine IgE dot-blot analysis, and methacholine inhalation testing. Workers exhibiting positive occupational skin test responses, work-related asthma, or bronchial hyperresponsiveness underwent specific inhalation challenge and serial peak expiratory flow rate recording. RESULTS: Positive skin test responses to carmine (41.7%), cochineal (29.2%), and carminic acid (4.2%) were observed. Carmine IgE dot-blot results were positive in 4 subjects. No difference in atopy or smoking was observed between occupationally sensitized and nonsensitized subjects. Among the 5 employees reporting work-related asthma, 2 had positive skin test responses, and 4 had bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Five subjects underwent specific inhalation challenges: 2 workers had early asthma responses to carmine and cochineal challenges, and the remaining subjects did not have suggestive peak expiratory flow recordings. The subject who had left his job was given a diagnosis of carmine-induced OA. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of sensitization and OA caused by carmine was 41.6% and 8.3%, respectively. When the 3 workers who had left their jobs were included, the cumulative incidence of sensitization and OA was 48.1% and 18.5%, resembling the healthy worker effect. Prevention programs to establish the permissible levels of airborne allergen should be implemented.


Assuntos
Asma/etiologia , Carmim/toxicidade , Corantes/toxicidade , Doenças Profissionais/etiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Alérgenos , Asma/diagnóstico , Asma/imunologia , Testes de Provocação Brônquica , Feminino , Humanos , Imunoglobulina E/sangue , Masculino , Doenças Profissionais/diagnóstico , Doenças Profissionais/imunologia , Testes Cutâneos , Inquéritos e Questionários
10.
Arch. argent. alerg. inmunol. clín ; 27(4): 255-60, 1996. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-193276

RESUMO

El Anisakis simplex es un parásito perteneciente a la familia Anisakidae, de la clase nematodos, que vive en el tubo digestivo de grandes mamíferos marinos y parasita accidentalmente al hombre al ingerir pescado crudo o poco cocinado. Recientemente se ha implicado como posible factor etiológico de reacciones alérgicas inducidas tras la ingesta de pescado parasitado. En el presente estudio investigamos la posible sensibilización a antígenos de A. simplex en 11 pacientes que presentaron reacciones alérgicas tras la ingesta de pescado. También se estudió la existencia de reactividad cruzada con otros parásitos. En todos los pacientes se demostró, mediante pruebas inmunológicas "in vivo" e "in vitro", la existencia de un mecanismo de hipersensibilidad inmediata a antígenos de A. simplex. Las pruebas cutáneas con el extracto comercial, así como la determinación de IgE específica por técnica CAP y la liberación de histamina frente a este parásito fueron positivos, confirmando la sensibilización mediada por anticuerpos IgE a antígenos de Anisakis. Al estudiar la posible reactividad cruzada con otros parásitos (Ascaris lumbricoides, Echinococcus granulosus) por medio del inhibición del CAP, ésta resultó muy escasa para Ascaris lumbricoides, por lo que en estos pacientes dicha reactividad cruzada parece poco relevante. En cambio la inhibición del CAP a Eschinococcus granulosus con A. simplex llegó hasta el 30-60 por ciento, sugiriendo la existencia de cierto grado de reactividad cruzada entre ambos parásitos, aunque estén más alejados taxonómicamente. Debido a que el Anisakis simplex es un parásito ubicuo, ya que infecta a pescados y mariscos en mares de todo el mundo, sugerimos que ante la historia de manifestaciones alérgicas tras la ingesta de esta clase de alimentos, se investigue la sensibilidad a este parásito, además de los antígenos propios de los frutos de mar. Por otra parte, se debería estudiar la posible sensibilización a A. simplex en los pacientes a los cuales se les detecta IgE específica a E. granulosus, descartándose con anterioridad la enfermedad hidatídica.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Anisakis/imunologia , Ascaridoidea/imunologia , Reações Cruzadas/imunologia , Hipersensibilidade Alimentar/etiologia , Anafilaxia/etiologia , Angioedema/etiologia , Anisaquíase/diagnóstico , Anisakis/patogenicidade , Echinococcus/imunologia , Peixes/parasitologia , Hipersensibilidade Alimentar/diagnóstico , Hipersensibilidade Alimentar/imunologia , Helmintíase/diagnóstico , Helmintíase/imunologia , Testes Cutâneos/normas , Testes Imunológicos/normas , Urticária/etiologia
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