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1.
Foods ; 13(12)2024 Jun 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38928847

RESUMO

Quinoa is an Andean crop that stands out as a high-quality protein-rich and gluten-free food. However, its increasing popularity exposes quinoa products to the potential risk of adulteration with cheaper cereals. Consequently, there is a need for novel methodologies to accurately characterize the composition of quinoa, which is influenced not only by the variety type but also by the farming and processing conditions. In this study, we present a rapid and straightforward method based on matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) to generate global fingerprints of quinoa proteins from white quinoa varieties, which were cultivated under conventional and organic farming and processed through boiling and extrusion. The mass spectra of the different protein extracts were processed using the MALDIquant software (version 1.19.3), detecting 49 proteins (with 31 tentatively identified). Intensity values from these proteins were then considered protein fingerprints for multivariate data analysis. Our results revealed reliable partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) classification models for distinguishing between farming and processing conditions, and the detected proteins that were critical for differentiation. They confirm the effectiveness of tracing the agricultural origins and technological treatments of quinoa grains through protein fingerprinting by MALDI-TOF-MS and chemometrics. This untargeted approach offers promising applications in food control and the food-processing industry.

2.
Food Chem ; 386: 132704, 2022 Aug 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35358858

RESUMO

Many species of chili peppers have overlapping morphological characters and delimitation by visual descriptors in many cases fails to differentiate one species from another. In Peru, there are 413 accessions of native chili pepper and 296 accessions of rocotos conserved in the Germplasm Collections of the National Institute of Agrarian Innovation (INIA), of which five accessions (three species from three locations) were selected for the present metabolomic study. The Discrimination of the three species of native chili peppers and identification of biomarkers was performed using untargeted metabolomic approach based on profiling by UHPLC-HRMS and multivariate data analysis. The samples of fresh chili peppers (whole fruit) from Chincha area were used to construct an OPLS-DA model. To validate the biomarkers (identified 15 biomarkers, mainly flavonoids), an external validation set of the OPLS-DA model was constructed using Chiclayo and Huaral collection datasets. Consequently, the OPLS-DA based on Chincha samples model has a high predictive capacity demonstrating that the biomarkers have a high probability of continuity in any culture space, being successful in discriminating the species by untargeted metabolomics.


Assuntos
Capsicum , Biomarcadores , Frutas , Metabolômica , Peru , Verduras
3.
Cusco; s.n; 2015. 112 p. tab, graf, ilus.
Tese em Espanhol | LILACS, MTYCI | ID: biblio-880134

RESUMO

La presente investigación se planteó con el objetivo de caracterizar la farmacobotánica y evaluar de manera preliminar la genotoxicidad de Baccharis genistelloides "Quimsa Qüchu" y Baccharis buxifolia "Tayanka". Baccharis genistelloides "Quimsa Qüchu" fue recolectada en los valles de Limatambo y Baccharis buxifolia "Tayanka" en Kachona del distrito de Santiago. Para la caracterización farmacobotánica, se estudió la morfología externa y morfometría, descripción de la anatomía interna, la densidad e índice estomático y la histolocalización mediante pruebas histoquímicas de algunos metabolitos, de las partes aéreas vegetativas de Baccharis genistelloides y Baccharis buxifolia. Con dichos datos se realizó la comparación fenética con relación a otras especies del genero Baccharis y se evaluó de manera preliminar la genotoxicidad de los extractos acuosos al 1% de Baccharis genistelloides "Quimsa Qüchu"y Baccharis buxifolia "Tayanka". Para el estudio de la morfología externa y la morfometría se describe los parámetros (tamaño, número, disposición de hojas, flores, inflorescencias, etc) para lo cual se usa un instrumento de medida (vernier) y un esteroscopio. Para la anatomía interna se realizó cortes anatómicos mediante el uso de un micrótomo manual para luego ser fijados, coloreados y montados al microscopio, la densidad e índice estomático se obtienen de la relación porcentual directamente proporcional de la cantidad total de células y el número total de estomas en la cara abaxial y adaxial, Todos estos datos fueron procesados mediante el análisis fenética, utilizando el paquete estadístico Past 3 complementando la caracterización farmacobotánica con la histoquímica para tres reacciones de coloración utilizando dragendorff, SUDAN III y lugol. La evaluación genotóxica se realizo usando Allium cepa como bioensayo, sometiendo los meristemos apicales al extracto acuoso 1% (como forma de uso tradicional) de Baccharis genístelloides "Quimsa Qüchu" y Baccharís buxífolía "Tayanka", evaluando el índice mitótico y aberración cromosómicas que generan. Los resultados encontrados en la caracterización farmacobotánica indican como característica principal la disposición de las inflorescencias en capitulo en ambas especies, en Baccharis genistelloides la característica principal es la presencia de tres cladodios a lo largo de la planta, así como la presencia de flores femeninas exclusivamente, en cambio Baccharis buxifolia presenta ramas alternas con hojas lanceoladas y flores dioicas. El resultado del análisis fenético muestra una relación estrecha entre Baccharis genistelloides "Quimsa Qüchu" y Baccharis Crispa mientras que Baccharis buxifalia "Tayanka" no está emparentado con las especies en comparación. La reacción histoquímica ratifica antecedentes teóricas de la presencia de alcaloides, almidón y lipidos para ambas especies. La evaluación preliminar de genotoxicidad muestra una reducción del índice mitótico normal de 13.03 % hasta 6.1% para Baccharis genistelloides "Quimsa Qüchu" y 7.4% para Baccharis buxifolia "Tayanka", considerándose como no genotóxico . Este tipo de estudios mejorara la correcta identificación y distinción de especies próximas y morfológicamente similares. Además que brindara luces sobre la ausencia de genotoxicidad.


Assuntos
Farmacognosia , Plantas Medicinais , Extratos Vegetais , Baccharis
4.
Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica ; 27(3): 352-60, 2010 Sep.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21152727

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the oral toxicity at 60 days and to determine the lethal dose 50 (LD 50) of raw sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) and linseed (Linum ussitatisimum) oils in Holtzman rats and mice of the strain Balb C57 respectively. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For the evaluation of the oral toxicity of repeated doses for 60 days, 24 male Holtzman rats were used, divided in three groups of 8 each, the groups were: physiologic saline solution 4 mL/kg (FSS), sacha inchi oil 0.5 mL/kg (SI05) and linseed oil 0.5 mL/kg (L05), during the experiment the body weight was controlled weekly, and signs of toxicity in the research groups, as well as total cholesterol, HDL, glucose, triglycerides and alkaline phosphatase at days 30 and 60 after initiating the experiment. For the evaluation of the LD50 male mice of the Balb C57 strain were used in groups of 10 animals, and they were administered increasing oral doses of raw oils until reaching 1 mL/kg (37 g/kg). RESULTS: The serum parameters in the rats indicated there is no toxicity at 60 days and that the administration of the oils lowered the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides and increased the HDL in comparison with the control group. The LD50 shows that the raw sacha inchi and linseed oils have doses above 37 g/kg of body weight. CONCLUSIONS: Sacha inchi and linseed oils are harmless at 60 days and present a LD50 above the 37 g/kg of animal.


Assuntos
Óleos de Plantas/toxicidade , Administração Oral , Animais , Dose Letal Mediana , Óleo de Semente do Linho/toxicidade , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Fatores de Tempo
5.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 27(3): 352-360, jul.-set. 2010. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIPECS, INS-PERU | ID: lil-571068

RESUMO

Objetivos. Evaluar la toxicidad oral a 60 días y determinar la dosis letal 50 (DL 50) de los aceites crudos de sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) y linaza (Linum ussitatisimum) en ratas Holtzman y en ratones cepa Balb C57, respectivamente. Materiales y métodos. Para la evaluación de la toxicidad oral a dosis repetida por 60 días se utilizo 24 ratas macho Holtzman divididos en tres grupos de ocho cada uno, los grupos fueron: solución salina fisiológica 4 mL/kg (SSF), aceite de sacha inchi 0,5 mL/kg (SI05) y aceite de linaza 0,5 mL/kg (L05), durante el experimento se controlo semanalmente el peso corporal y signos de toxicidad en los grupos investigados, así como colesterol total, HDL, triglicéridos, glucosa, urea, TGP y fosfatasa alcalina a los 30 y 60 días de iniciado el experimento. Para la evaluación de la DL50 se uso ratonesmacho cepa Balb C57 en grupos de diez animales, se administro por vía oral dosis crecientes de aceites crudos hasta alcanzar 1 mL/kg (37 g/kg); Resultados. Los parámetros séricos en las ratas indican que no existe toxicidad alguna a los 60 días y que la administración de los aceites disminuyeron los niveles de colesterol, triglicéridos e incrementaron el HDL con respecto al grupo control. La DL50 muestra que los aceites crudos de sacha inchi y linaza presentan dosis por encima de los 37 g/kg de masa corporal. Conclusiones. Los aceites de sacha inchi y linaza son inocuos a 60 días y presentan una DL50 por encima de los 37 g/kg de animal.


Objectives. To evaluate the oral toxicity at 60 days and to determine the lethal dose 50 (LD 50) of raw sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) and linseed (Linum ussitatisimum) oils in Holtzman rats and mice of the strain Balb C57 respectively. Materials and methods. For the evaluation of the oral toxicity of repeated doses for 60 days, 24 male Holtzman rats were used, divided in three groups of 8 each, the groups were: physiologic saline solution 4 mL/kg (FSS), sacha inchi oil 0.5 mL/kg (SI05) and linseed oil 0.5 mL/kg (L05), during the experiment the body weight was controlled weekly, and signs of toxicity in the research groups, as well as total cholesterol, HDL, glucose, triglycerides and alkaline phosphatase at days 30 and 60 after initiating the experiment. For the evaluation of the LD50 male mice of the Balb C57 strain were used in groups of 10 animals, and they were administered increasing oral doses of raw oils until reaching 1 mL/kg (37 g/kg). Results. The serum parameters in the rats indicated there is no toxicity at 60 days and that the administration of the oils lowered the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides and increased the HDL in comparison with the control group. The LD50 shows that the raw sacha inchi and linseed oils have doses above 37 g/kg of body weight. Conclusions. Sacha inchi and linseed oils are harmless at 60 days and present a LD50 above the 37 g/kg of animal.


Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Camundongos , Ratos , Dose Letal Mediana , Farmacologia , Plantas Medicinais , Testes de Toxicidade , Peru
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