RETRACTION: Multi-Stimuli Nanocomposite Therapeutic: Docetaxel Targeted Delivery and Synergies in Treatment of Human Breast Cancer Tumor.

Small 2020, 16, 2002733 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202002733 The above article, published online on 18 September 2020 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the journal Editor-in-Chief, Neville Compton; and Wiley-VCH GmbH. Following publication, concerns were raised by a third-party regarding the appearance of Figures 7d, 11a and 12a. The subsequent investigation uncovered inappropriate duplication of images (panels of Figures 7d and 12a) between this and other articles that were previously published in a different scientific context elsewhere and the manipulation of images in Figure 11a. The investigation also revealed that the animal experiments were neither conducted at, nor received ethical approval from the Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University. Given the extent of the identified issues, the editors have decided to retract the article.

Naevus of Ota treatment with cryotherapy.

BACKGROUND: Naevus of Ota is seen infrequently among Iranian individuals with a Mediterranean complexion. OBJECTIVE: Treatment of Ota's naevus by closed contact CO(2) cryotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Four patients, three female and one male, were enrolled in this study. A closed contact CO(2) cryogun with a round, flat-topped cryoprobe was preferred because of its easy control and monitoring. A small area was tested first to assure the patients of the procedure's effect and its lack of complications. At 6-8 weeks later when the patients returned with a hypopigmented patch the lesions were totally frozen or were sectioned first for the cases with extensive diameters. The procedure was repeated every 6-8 weeks until there was an acceptable colour match of the lesion with normal skin. RESULTS: Oedema and wheal developed soon after freezing. Oedema may lead to crust formation and less likely to bullae within 24-48 h, with the crust peeling 5-7 days later, leaving an erythematous area gradually followed by a hypopigmented patch. Three to five and occasionally more sessions may be required for full and acceptable colour matching. No permanent complications were seen. CONCLUSION: Cryotherapy is a cheap and safe method that can be used as an alternative method for the treatment of naevus of Ota.

Depigmentation of the normally pigmented patches in universal vitiligo patients by cryotherapy.

BACKGROUND: Complete depigmentation may occur, albeit rarely, in patients with universal vitiligo. They usually have one or more pigmented patches that remain normal, most frequently over the malar area of the face and dorsal aspects of forearms. Total repigmentation may not occur in these patients, even after receiving 150 session of PUVA therapy alone or in conjunction with other medical or surgical procedures, and there is possibility of recurrence after cessation of therapy. These patients are usually more interested in depigmentation rather than trying for repigmentation. OBJECTIVE: Because of the relatively high sensitivity of melanocytes to cryotherapy and the possibility of isomorphic phenomenon in vitiligo patients, removal of the remaining normally pigmented patches was attempted in patients with universal vitiligo using cryotherapy. METHOD: Five volunteer patients with universal vitiligo were chosen, all of whom wished to have their pigmented patches removed. In all five patients a small area was tested first in order to assure the patients of what the procedure involved and to show its likely result. All pigmented areas were then treated to 1-3 sessions of cryotherapy using a closed contact CO2 cryogun, with 4-6-week intervals. RESULTS: Complete and permanent depigmentation was achieved in all five patients with excellent cosmetic results and no complications or scarring. CONCLUSION: Cryotherapy is a cost effective, non-complicating, easily available procedure which can be used for depigmentation of normally pigmented patches in patients with universal vitiligo.

Cutaneous manifestations of the Hemiscorpius lepturus sting: a clinical study.

BACKGROUND AND DESIGN: Scorpion stings are a serious problem in Khuzestan, a southwestern province of Iran. In around 5 years, 36,463 patients with scorpion stings have been seen. Most of the patients had no cutaneous findings, but a small group of patients developed various local and generalized skin manifestations. Patients were evaluated in terms of cutaneous findings early in and during the course of their illness. The correlation between the site of the sting and the severity of the cutaneous and systemic problems is discussed. RESULTS: Hemiscorpion (Hemiscorpius) lepturus (HL), which is responsible for more than 10% of the scorpion stings in this area, was found to be the only scorpion with related cutaneous findings. Different species of the Buthidae family, which were responsible for the remaining 90% of scorpion stings, have a neurotropic and noncytotoxic venom and, as a result, induce no cutaneous reaction. CONCLUSIONS: HL venom is cytotoxic, and HL is the only scorpion whose venom induces a toxic reaction. Erythema, purpuric changes, bullae, necrosis, and ulcers, or a combination of these, may be seen at different stages. The site and the severity of the cutaneous reaction may aid in the prediction of the clinical outcome for the patients and in estimating the interval between the sting and presentation.

Androctonus crassicauda sting and its clinical study in Iran.

Androctonus crassicauda is the second most frequent cause of scorpion sting in southwest Iran. Its toxin can cause severe pain, autonomic, CNS, and muscle function disturbances, and death. Appropriate medical and nursing care can lead to complete recovery with no sequelae.

Clinical study of Hemiscorpion lepturus in Iran.

Hemiscorpion lepturus (HL) sting accounts for 10-15% of all scorpion stings in south-west Iran. HL toxin is a cytotoxic and fatal venom which may affect any organ system, especially CNS, cardiovascular, skin and blood cells. Surgical excision of the sting site may prevent harmful or fatal consequences. Corticosteroids, adequate hydration, blood transfusion and diuretics may help some severely envenomed patients; some may die from cardio-respiratory arrest or renal failure.