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AIM: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a prevalent chronic condition associated with significant pain, disability, and healthcare costs, particularly among the elderly population. Despite the considerable burden of KOA, effective treatment options for managing the condition's underlying causes remain limited. This case-control study aims to investigate the relationship between dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC) and knee osteoarthritis. METHODS: This case-control study was conducted on 105 patients with confirmed KOA and 210 controls. KOA was diagnosed based on the American College of Rheumatology criteria. Dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC) was calculated based on the ferric-reducing antioxidant power method. RESULTS: The mean age and BMI of the participants were 53.6 ± 8.8 years old and 27.3 ± 2.7 kg/m2, respectively. The study participant's DTAC score ranged from 3.56 to 25.32 with a mean and SD of 12.46 ± 5.12. In the crude model, individuals in the highest quartile of DTAC score had 71% lower odds of having knee osteoarthritis compared to those in the first quartile (OR: 0.29, 95%CI: 0.15 to 0.58, P-trend < 0.001). These associations remained significant after adjustment for potential confounders including age, sex, energy intake, family history of osteoarthritis, vitamin D and calcium use, physical activity level, cigarette smoking and BMI. Although the odds of having knee osteoarthritis decreased with increasing quartiles of DTAC in both sexes, this relationship was stronger among males than females. CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that there was an inverse correlation between DTAC and KOA among the Iranian patients with KOA.
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Antioxidantes , Osteoartrite do Joelho , Humanos , Osteoartrite do Joelho/epidemiologia , Masculino , Feminino , Irã (Geográfico)/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Antioxidantes/administração & dosagem , Adulto , Dieta/estatística & dados numéricos , Idoso , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to evaluate the impact of VLCKD on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with T2DM. METHODS: Until March 2024, extensive searches were conducted on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and other relevant databases. The purpose was to identify clinical trials examining the impact of VLCKD on glycemic control, lipid profile, and blood pressure. The GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) method was used to assess the evidence's degree of certainty. RESULTS: Our initial search found a total of 2568 records and finally 29 trials were included in final analysis. Our results showed that adherence from VLCKD led to significant reduction in fasting blood sugar (WMD= -11.68 mg/dl; 95% CI: -18.79, -4.56; P = 0.001), HbA1c (WMD= -0.29; 95% CI: -0.44, -0.14; P < 0.001), HOMA-IR(WMD= -0.71; 95% CI: -1.14, -0.29; P = 0.001), insulin (WMD= -1.45; 95% CI: -2.54, -0.36; P = 0.009), triglyceride (WMD= -17.95; 95% CI: -26.82, -9.07; P < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (WMD= -2.85, 95% CI: -4.99, -0.71; P = 0.009) and diastolic blood pressure (WMD= -1.40; 95% CI: -2.66, -0.13; P = 0.03). We also found a significant increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level after adherence from VLCKD diet (WMD = 3.93, 95% CI: 2.03, 5.84; P = 0.000). We couldn't find any significant differences between groups in term of LDL and total cholesterol levels. CONCLUSION: People following a VLCKD experience a more significant improvement in cardiovascular risk factors when compared to individuals on control diets.
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BACKGROUND: The dietary inflammatory index (DII) serves as a tool to assess the inflammatory impact of an individual's diet. This study aimed to investigate the association between DII and some cardio-metabolic risk indices among patients with T2DM. METHODS: Data from the Hoveyzeh Cohort Study, encompassing 2045 adults with T2DM, were analyzed. DII scores were calculated based on food frequency questionnaires. Anthropometric measurements and biochemical tests were performed to assess cardio-metabolic risk factors. RESULTS: Higher DII scores were positively associated with elevated triglyceride levels, triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, lipid accumulation product (LAP), anthropometric indices including a body shape index (ABSI), body roundness index (BRI), body mass index (BMI), hip, waist circumferences (WC), and waist-to-height ratio (all Ptrend < 0.05). Notably, no significant association was observed between DII and fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels (Ptrend > 0.05). Additionally, dietary intake analysis revealed a negative correlation between DII scores and intake of fiber, fruits, vegetables, legumes, fish, seafood, dairy products, magnesium, and vitamins A, C, D, and E (all Ptrend < 0.05). Conversely, higher DII scores were associated with increased consumption of red meat, processed meat, refined cereals, potatoes, and soft drinks (all Ptrend < 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study underscores the critical link between dietary inflammation, assessed by the DII score, and a multitude of cardio-metabolic risk factors in patients with T2DM. Notably, while the study did not find a significant association between DII and fasting blood sugar levels, it identified robust associations with novel anthropometric and biochemical indices indicative of cardio-metabolic risk. These findings highlight the potential of dietary interventions as a cornerstone strategy for managing T2DM and mitigating its associated complications.
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Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Dieta , Inflamação , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inflamação/sangue , Dieta/efeitos adversos , Estudos de Coortes , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Risco Cardiometabólico , Adulto , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Idoso , Prognóstico , SeguimentosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress after ischemic stroke contribute to neuronal cell injury. Unhealthy and unbalanced dietary patterns can increase the risk of several diseases, including stroke and cardiometabolic ones. However, the association between dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC) of antioxidant and stroke is controversial. Our study aimed to establish a correlation between DTAC and its impact on the occurrence of stroke. METHODS: This nested case-control study included 79 stroke cases and 158 healthy controls. We used data from the Fasa Adults Cohort Study (FACS) comprising 10,035 individuals at baseline. To assess the nutritional status of each individual, a 125-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) has been used to evaluate their dietary habits and intakes over the past year. DTAC was calculated using the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) international databases. The stroke was confirmed by an experienced neurologist using standard imaging methods. Conditional logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association between DTAC and stroke. RESULTS: The assessment of DTAC revealed that there was no statistically significant distinction between cases (mean ± SD: 5.31 ± 2.65) and controls (5.16 ± 2.80) with a p-value of 0.95. Even after adjusting for the potentially important confounding factors such as age, sex, event time, energy intake, smoking, hypertension, and diabetes, the association remains non-significant (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.06, 95% CI: 0.94, 1.20, p-value = 0.33). CONCLUSIONS: Our results did not confirm a significant link between DTAC and stroke risk. These findings emphasize the intricate interplay of factors influencing stroke risk and highlight the need for further research to unravel these relationships more comprehensively.
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Importance: Seizures have been reported as an adverse effect of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. However, no study has answered the question of whether there is any association between seizures in the general population and COVID-19 vaccination. Objective: To evaluate the seizure incidence among SARS-CoV-2 vaccine recipients compared with those who received a placebo. Data Sources: A systematic search of MEDLINE (via PubMed), Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, review publications, editorials, letters to editors, and conference papers, along with the references of the included studies from December 2019 to July 7, 2023. Study Selection: Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) reporting seizure incidence with SARS-CoV-2 vaccination were included. Data Extraction and Synthesis: This study is reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses framework and used the Mantel-Haenszel method with random- and common-effect models. The risk of bias of the studies was assessed using the Cochrane assessment tool for RCTs. Main Outcomes and Measures: The outcome of interest was new-onset seizure incidence proportion compared among (1) SARS-CoV-2 vaccine recipients and (2) placebo recipients. Results: Six RCTs were included in the study. Results of the pooled analysis comparing the incidence of new-onset seizure between the 63â¯521 vaccine and 54â¯919 placebo recipients in the 28-day follow-up after vaccine/placebo injection showed no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (9 events [0.014%] in vaccine and 1 event [0.002%] in placebo recipients; odds ratio [OR], 2.70; 95% CI, 0.76-9.57; P = .12; I2 = 0%, τ2 = 0, Cochran Q P = .74). Likewise, in the entire blinded-phase period after injection, with a median of more than 43 days, no significant difference was identified between the vaccine and placebo groups regarding incident new-onset seizure (13/43â¯724 events [0.03%] in vaccine and 5/40â¯612 [0.012%] in placebo recipients; OR, 2.31; 95% CI, 0.86-6.23, P = .10, I2 = 0%, τ2 = 0, Cochran Q P = .95). Conclusions and Relevance: According to this systematic review and meta-analysis, there was no statistically significant difference in the risk of new-onset seizure incidence between vaccinated individuals and placebo recipients.
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Vacinas contra COVID-19 , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Convulsões , Humanos , Vacinas contra COVID-19/efeitos adversos , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto/métodos , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , COVID-19/epidemiologia , IncidênciaRESUMO
CONTEXT: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and preeclampsia (PE) are commonly observed medical complications in pregnancy. Dietary total fat and fatty acids associated with GDM and PE risk have been examined in several epidemiological studies. In some instances, systematic reviews and meta-analyses might provide more accurate dietary recommendations. OBJECTIVES: This systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the association between dietary total fat and fatty acids and the risk of GDM and PE. DATA SOURCES: Research on dietary fat intake and the risk of GDM and PE was conducted through systematic searches of the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for articles published up to August 19, 2023. An investigation of associations between dietary intake of total fat and fatty acids and the risk of GDM and PE was performed using prospective cohort study designs. RESULTS: Twenty-one prospective cohort studies were considered eligible. Findings indicated that higher intakes of total fat (relative risk [RR], 1.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.14), animal fat (RR, 1.56; 95%CI, 1.34-1.89), vegetable fat (RR, 1.23; 95%CI, 1.05-1.45), dietary cholesterol (RR, 1.48; 95%CI, 1.10-2.00), and omega-3 fatty acid (RR, 1.11; 95%CI, 1.02-1.20) are associated with a greater risk of GDM. However, no significant association was found between dietary total fat and fatty acids and the risk of PE. Dose-response meta-analyses suggested every 10% increment in total energy intake from total fat, 5% from animal fat, 5% from vegetable fat, and 100 mg from cholesterol was related to 15%, 12%, 7%, 14%, and 20% higher GDM risk, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, total fat, animal fat, vegetable fat, dietary cholesterol, and omega-3 fatty acid consumption are associated with a small but statistically significant increase in GDM risk. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO (CRD42023466844).
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BACKGROUND: In the present systematic review and meta-analysis, the association of maternal exposure to the endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) with cardio-metabolic risk factors in children during childhood for the first time. METHOD: The PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched, up to Feb 2023. In total 30 cohort studies had our inclusion criteria. A random-effects model was used for the variables that had considerable heterogeneity between studies. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) tool was used to classify the quality score of studies. All statistical analyses were conducted using Stata 14 and P-value < 0.05 considered as a significant level. RESULTS: In the meta-analysis, maternal exposure to the EDCs was weakly associated with higher SBP (Fisher_Z: 0.06, CI: 0.04, 0.08), BMI (Fisher_Z: 0.07, CI: 0.06, 0.08), and WC (Fisher_Z: 0.06, CI: 0.03, 0.08) z-scores in children. A significant linear association was found between maternal exposure to the bisphenol-A and pesticides with BMI and WC z-score in children (p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed significant linear association of BPA and pesticides, in the urine samples of mothers at the first trimester of pregnancy, with BMI and WC z-score in children from 2-8 years (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Prenatal exposure to the EDCs in the uterine period could increase the risk of obesity in children. Maternal exposure to bisphenol-A and pesticides showed the strongest association with the obesity, especially visceral form, in the next generation.
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In this cross-sectional investigation, the primary objective was to explore the correlation between the consumption of polyphenols and the likelihood of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the adult population participating in the Hoveyzeh cohort. Data from the Hoveyzeh cohort study, part of the Persian Cohort Study, involving 10,009 adults aged 35-70, were analyzed. Exclusions were made for missing data, extreme energy intake, and liver cancer patients. Dietary habits were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire, and polyphenol intake was calculated using the Phenol Explorer database. Logistic regression analyses, adjusted for confounders, were performed to assess the relationship between polyphenol subclasses (total polyphenols, total flavonoids, phenolic acid, and lignin) and NAFLD. Among 9894 participants, those in the highest quintile of total polyphenol (OR 0.65, CI 0.5-0.84; P = 0.007), phenolic acid (OR 0.67, CI 0.52-0.86; P < 0.001), and lignin intake (OR 0.69, CI 0.52-0.87; P = 0.001) demonstrated lower odds of NAFLD compared to the lowest quintile, even after adjusting for confounding factors. However, no significant association was found between total flavonoid intake and NAFLD (OR 1.26, CI 0.96-1.67; P = 0.47). Subgroup analysis indicated a significant inverse association between total polyphenols and NAFLD in women (OR 0.64, CI 0.42-0.93; P = 0.001). Higher intake of total polyphenols, phenolic acid, and lignin was associated with reduced odds of NAFLD among adults in the Hoveyzeh cohort. This suggests that dietary patterns rich in these polyphenols may play a role in mitigating the risk of NAFLD. Further interventional and longitudinal studies are needed to validate these findings and explore potential preventive strategies involving polyphenol-rich diets.
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Hidroxibenzoatos , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica , Polifenóis , Adulto , Humanos , Feminino , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/epidemiologia , Estudos de Coortes , Estudos Transversais , Lignina , Dieta , Flavonoides , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic clearly affected the lifestyle and dietary habits of millions of people worldwide. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of major dietary patterns with socioeconomic status, obesity, and contracting COVID-19. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using an online survey for data collection with a total of 1,187 participants (over the age of 18 years) who reported their sociodemographic details, anthropometric index (weight and height), and dietary intake. Multivariable logistic regression models were applied to assess the association between major dietary patterns and study outcomes. Results: A total of 1,106 adults were included in the current analysis. We identified three major dietary patterns (plant-based, meat, and Western dietary patterns). The mean age of participants was significantly higher in the upper tertile of plant-based dietary patterns (DPs) compared to the first tertile, while it was lower in the top tertile of meat and Western DPs. The percentage of participants who lived in urban areas was significantly higher in the third tertile of meat DP than in the first tertile (p < 0.001). Moderate adherence to Western DP was significantly associated with increased odds of obesity (OR: 1.79; 95% CI: 1.17, 2.74). In addition, high adherence to Western DP was significantly related to increased odds of obesity after controlling for confounders. Subjects in the second tertile of the Western DP had higher odds (95% Cl: 1.04, 1.92) for COVID-19 infection than the first tertile. Conclusion: This study showed that moderate and high adherence to a Western dietary pattern was associated with a higher risk of obesity and COVID-19 infection during the pandemic. Future studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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BACKGROUND: Over the last decade, the results of several studies have indicated that adults' food preferences, consumption, and dietary choices vary depending on their genotype characteristics. However, the results of studies related to genes and polymorphisms involved in this phenomenon are contradictory. This study is a systematic review designed to evaluate the genetic determinants of food preferences. METHODS: This study was conducted following the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Searches were conducted to identify articles testing the impact of genotypes on food choices, preferences, and intake in healthy adults. The search included all relevant keywords, and studies published between 1/1/1994 and October 2022 were considered. We assessed the quality of included studies and evaluated the risk of bias using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for observational studies. RESULTS: A total of 8,510 records were identified through our search method, and finally, 50 studies were included in this study. The majority of the studies evaluated the association of genetic variants with preferences for macronutrients, sweet, bitter, and fatty foods. The results of our study suggest a significant correlation between TAS2R38 variants (rs713598, rs1726866, rs10246939) and bitter and sweet taste preferences. Additionally, we found a considerable association between the T102C polymorphism of the 5-HT2A receptor gene and a higher intake of protein, and rs1761667 (CD36) was associated with fat preference. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, this study revealed a significant association between certain genetic variants and food preferences among adults.
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BACKGROUND: This study aims to investigate the association between dietary insulin index (DII) and load (DIL) with cardiometabolic risk factors and the risk of developing metabolic syndrome (MetS) among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 500 T2DM patients. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire, and DII and DIL were calculated based on insulin response and energy content. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the odds ratios (ORs) for MetS. RESULTS: Participants in the highest quartile of DIL had significantly higher odds of MetS (OR: 2.16; 95% CI: 1.02-4.25, P = 0.039) and hyperglycemia (OR: 1.69; 95% CI: 1.08-4.96, P = 0.032). We also discovered that patients in the highest quartile of DII had higher odds of MetS (OR: 1.69; 95% CI: 1.08-4.96, P = 0.034) and hyperglycemia (OR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.04-4.12, P = 0.019). Furthermore, participants in the highest quartile of DIL (OR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.00-2.59, P = 0.03) and DII (OR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.05-1.95, P = 0.026) had higher odds of high waist circumference. When it came to hypertriglyceridemia, we found a significant association between DII and DIL only in the crude model, not the fully adjusted model. However, we didn't observe any significant association between DII and DIL with hypercholesteremia, Low HDL, and high blood pressure (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our study provides evidence suggesting that a higher DII and DIL may be associated with an increased risk of cardiometabolic risk factors and MetS in patients with T2DM.
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The purpose of this study was to assess the connection between FTO rs9939609 (A/T) polymorphism and food preference. The study included 77 participants, 36 of whom were obese and had a low-calorie intake, and 41 non-obese participants with a high-calorie intake. Using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), the researchers calculated sweet and fatty food propensity scores. Genomic DNA was extracted from a peripheral blood sample from all participants, and FTO rs9939609 (A/T) polymorphism was assessed using standard methods. The study found no significant differences between the two groups in terms of sweet food preference (15.64 ± 10.53 in obese groups vs. 14.72 ± 7.95 in the non-obese group, p = 0.711) and fatty food preference (16.81 ± 8.84 vs. 17.27 ± 8.75; p = 0.833). Additionally, the study did not find any significant correlation between FTO rs9939609 (A/T) polymorphism and sweet and fatty food preferences in the fully adjusted models (p > 0.05). Therefore, the results of this study do not support the hypothesis of different food preferences.
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Seizure aggravation following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines is a major cause behind vaccine hesitancy among persons with epilepsy (PwE), resulting in lower immunization rates. We systematically reviewed seizure-activity-related events in PwE following COVID-19 vaccination. We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library, until January 31, 2023, and included articles reporting seizure activity-related events in PwE receiving COVID-19 vaccination. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses were followed. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022312475). Outcomes included pooled incidence proportions of (a) increased seizure frequency, (b) status epilepticus (SE), and (c) change in seizure type. Of the 2207 studies, 16 entered the meta-analysis. The pooled incidence proportion of increased seizure frequency (16 studies-3245 PwE) was 5% (95% CI: 3%-7%, I2 = 52%). Regarding increased seizure frequency, no significant difference was observed between mRNA and viral vector (OR: 1.11, 95% CI: 0.49-2.52, I2 = 0%), and between mRNA and inactivated virus (OR: 1.60, 95% CI: 0.27-9.37; I2 = 0%). The pooled incidence proportion of SE (15 studies-2387 PwE) was 0.08% (95% CI: 0.02%-0.33%, I2 = 0%). Ultimately, the pooled incidence proportion of change in seizure type (7 studies-1172 PwE) was 1% (95% CI: 1%-2%, I2 = 0%). The meta-analysis revealed post-COVID-19-vaccination increased seizure frequency in 5% of PwE, with no difference between mRNA and viral vector or inactivated virus vaccines. Furthermore, we found 0.08% and 1% incidence proportions for postvaccination SE and change in seizure type, respectively. While noteworthy, these values are far less than reports for COVID-19 infection, emphasizing vaccination importance in preventing COVID-19 consequences in PwE.
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COVID-19 , Epilepsia , Estado Epiléptico , Humanos , Vacinas contra COVID-19/efeitos adversos , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Convulsões/epidemiologia , Epilepsia/epidemiologia , RNA MensageiroRESUMO
BACKGROUND: This study was designed to evaluate the association between dietary total antioxidant capacity and clinical and biochemical variables in patients with osteoarthritis. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 160 patients with mild-to-moderate knee osteoarthritis. The Likert version of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC Index) was used to assess the severity of clinical symptoms in patients with knee osteoarthritis. The secondary outcomes included inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers. The participants' usual diets were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and the dietary total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was calculated based on the ferric reducing antioxidant power method. Additionally, clinical and biochemical variables were evaluated using standard methods. RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 57.2 ± 8.1 years, and 55.6% of them were females. The dietary TAC scores in this study ranged from 3.67 to 24.72, with a mean of 12.05 ± 5.3. We found a significant inverse trend between the dietary TAC score and the total Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) score (P = 0.001), as well as the WOMAC stiffness (P = 0.008) and WOMAC physical function scores (P = 0.001). Furthermore, dietary TAC was inversely associated with serum concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6) (ß = - 0.18, P = 0.020), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (ß = - 0.67, P < 0.001), matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) (ß = - 0.33, P < 0.001), and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) (ß = - 0.22, P = 0.005) levels. CONCLUSION: The results of this study demonstrate an inverse association between dietary total antioxidant capacity and clinical and biochemical variables in patients with osteoarthritis.
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Osteoartrite do Joelho , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Masculino , Antioxidantes , Estudos Transversais , Estresse Oxidativo , Gravidade do Paciente , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , BiomarcadoresRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In recent years, the food security and dietary quality of many Iranian families have deteriorated due to unprecedented inflation. Nutrition education programs can be an effective and inexpensive method to improve food quality and security. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of a comprehensive nutrition education program for low-income women who are heads of households and are covered by the Zanjan province's welfare. METHODS: The food security of 2600 female-headed households covered by the Welfare of Zanjan province was evaluated using a standard 6-item questionnaire. A total of 600 women with the highest food insecurity scores were selected for the comprehensive nutrition education program. The participants received six sessions of 1.5 h of courses about how to improve the quality of their diets and manage their budgets and be physically active. At the beginning of the study and one month after the completion of the intervention, the participants were asked to complete a questionnaire designed and validated by the investigators. The scores of each section before and after the intervention were compared using paired t-test method and p values ââof < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The prevalence of severe food insecurity among female-headed households who receive welfare support in Abhar, Khodabandeh, and Zanjan cities was 59.5%, 75%, and 62%, respectively. A total of 505 participants successfully completed the courses. After completion of the educational intervention, diet quality, physical activity, budgeting, and food safety scores of the participants increased by 6%, 4%, 4%, and 5%, respectively, which were statistically significant (p < 0.001). However, no significant difference was observed in the food insecurity scores. CONCLUSION: The comprehensive nutrition education program without financial or nutritional support can have a small but significant impact on the improvement of the nutritional behaviors and dietary quality of low-income people.
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Abastecimento de Alimentos , Estado Nutricional , Feminino , Humanos , Irã (Geográfico)/epidemiologia , Dieta , Segurança AlimentarRESUMO
We aimed to conduct this dose-dependent meta-analysis to examine the relation between total protein, animal protein, and its sources with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We searched databases, comprising PubMed/Medline, Web of Science (ISI), Embase, and Google Scholar, for the published studies up to 28 March 2023. Prospective cohort study designs that investigated associations between dietary intake of various animal protein sources and with risk of IBD in the general population were identified. Eleven prospective cohort studies with 4,302,554 participants and 8067 cases were considered eligible. Findings indicated that higher intake of dairy was significantly associated with a lower risk of IBD (relative risk [RR]: 0.81; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.72, 0.90), Crohn disease (RR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.56, 0.86), and ulcerative colitis (RR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.75, 0.94). There was no association between different sources of animal protein and the risk of IBD. The dose-response analysis suggested that each 100 g/d increment in dietary total meat consumption was associated with a 38% greater risk of IBD. Moreover, a positive linear association was found between total meat intake and risk of IBD (Pnonlinearity = 0.522, Pdose-response = 0.005). Overall, among the dietary sources of protein, the risk of IBD increased only with increasing total meat intake, and the consumption of protein from dairy products was found to be a protective factor against the IBD risk. This trial was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42023397719.
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Colite Ulcerativa , Doença de Crohn , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais , Animais , Humanos , Estudos Prospectivos , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/etiologia , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/epidemiologia , Colite Ulcerativa/etiologia , Doença de Crohn/etiologia , Estudos de CoortesRESUMO
Background: A large portion of Iranian Working Population (IWP) is becoming at risk of Occupational Noise-Induced Hearing Loss (ONIHL). Several primary studies have evaluated the prevalence of ONIHL in Iran with a variety of prevalence rates. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of ONIHL in the IWP using data from relevant studies. Methods: The present study is a meta-analysis and systematic review of previously published studies on ONIHL in Iran. Accordingly, the relevant articles published until Sep 1, 2021 were searched through Pub-Med, Scopus, and Google Scholar, together with Iranian scientific electronic databases. Heterogeneity between among the studies and data analysis was assessed using the I2 test and Random-Effect Model (REM) respectively. Results: Having performed a quality assessment, the meta-analysis was performed on the data from twenty-six studies involving a total of 85685 participants. The prevalence of ONIHL was observed to range from 12.9% to 60.5% in the reviewed studies. Moreover, after combining the results from the primary research by the Random Effects Model (REM) approach, the prevalence of ONIHL among IWP was estimated to be 34.69% (95% CI: 29.10, 40.28). Conclusion: ONIHL is a significant concern with regard to public and occupational health in Iran. The results also highlighted the urgent need for taking appropriate preventive and control measures in the work-places; particularly by encouraging the employers and health-related policymakers to focus on preventive noise control techniques along with administrative and legislative approaches to mitigate the risk of developing ONIHL.
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Importance: Bell palsy (BP) has been reported as an adverse event following the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, but neither a causative relationship nor a higher prevalence than in the general population has been established. Objective: To compare the incidence of BP in SARS-CoV-2 vaccine recipients vs unvaccinated individuals or placebo recipients. Data Sources: A systematic search of MEDLINE (via PubMed), Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar from the inception of the COVID-19 report (December 2019) to August 15, 2022. Study Selection: Articles reporting BP incidence with SARS-CoV-2 vaccination were included. Data Extraction and Synthesis: This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline and was conducted with the random- and fixed-effect models using the Mantel-Haenszel method. The quality of the studies was evaluated by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Main Outcomes and Measures: The outcomes of interest were to compare BP incidence among (1) SARS-CoV-2 vaccine recipients, (2) nonrecipients in the placebo or unvaccinated cohorts, (3) different types of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, and (4) SARS-CoV-2-infected vs SARS-CoV-2-vaccinated individuals. Results: Fifty studies were included, of which 17 entered the quantitative synthesis. Pooling 4 phase 3 randomized clinical trials showed significantly higher BP in recipients of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines (77â¯525 vaccine recipients vs 66â¯682 placebo recipients; odds ratio [OR], 3.00; 95% CI, 1.10-8.18; I2 = 0%). There was, however, no significant increase in BP after administration of the messenger RNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in pooling 8 observational studies (13â¯518â¯026 doses vs 13â¯510â¯701 unvaccinated; OR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.42-1.16; I2 = 94%). No significant difference was found in BP among 22â¯978â¯880 first-dose recipients of the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine compared with 22â¯978â¯880 first-dose recipients of the Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine (OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.82-1.15; I2 = 0%). Bell palsy was significantly more common after SARS-CoV-2 infection (n = 2â¯822â¯072) than after SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations (n = 37â¯912â¯410) (relative risk, 3.23; 95% CI, 1.57-6.62; I2 = 95%). Conclusions and Relevance: This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests a higher incidence of BP among SARS-CoV-2-vaccinated vs placebo groups. The occurrence of BP did not differ significantly between recipients of the Pfizer/BioNTech vs Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccines. SARS-CoV-2 infection posed a significantly greater risk for BP than SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.
Assuntos
Paralisia de Bell , Vacinas contra COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Humanos , Paralisia de Bell/epidemiologia , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Vacinas contra COVID-19/efeitos adversos , SARS-CoV-2 , VacinaçãoRESUMO
Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of supplementation with ground flaxseed (GF) on the concentrations of adiponectin, resistin, and visfatin in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is one of the most common gastrointestinal diseases affecting people of all ages. Adipokines secreted from adipose tissue have been shown to play an essential role in the pathogenesis of UC. Methods: This trial is an open-labeled randomized controlled trial conducted on 70 patients with UC. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: flaxseed and control. The patients in the intervention received 30 g/day flaxseed powder for 12 weeks. Patients' anthropometric, nutritional, and biochemical factors were evaluated at the beginning and end of the intervention period. Results: Totally, 64 patients (36 men and 28 women) with a mean age of 31.12±9.67 were included in the final analysis. There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding baseline weight and height (P>0.05). After the 12-week intervention, flaxseed supplementation led to a significant reduction in the resistin (-4.85±1.89 vs. -1.10±2.25, P<0.001) and visfatin concentration (-1.33±1.14 vs. -0.53±1.63, P=0.018). Further, we found a significant increase in the adiponectin levels after the GF supplementation (3.49±1.29 vs. -0.35±0.96, P<0.001). Conclusion: Flaxseed supplementation could exert beneficial effects on adipokine levels in patients with UC.
RESUMO
Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency is one of the most common nutritional disorders in most countries of the world. The present study was designed and implemented with the aim of investigating the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and the level of adipokines, atherogenesis indicators and factors related to metabolic syndrome. Methods: This case-control study was done on 195 patients with metabolic syndrome aged 20-50 y who attended the health centers in Zabol County, northeast Iran, between April 2021 and January 2022. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were measured for all subjects with standard methods. To determine serum 25(OH)D levels, we used enzymatic linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) was calculated as log (TG/HDL-c). The visceral adiposity index (VAI) and the lipid accumulation product (LAP) were estimated according to standard formulas. Results and Discussion: Participants in the case group had lower serum levels of 25(OH)D compared to controls (19.8 ± 6.2 ng/ml vs. 41.2 ± 9.7ng/ml, P<0.001). We found that the mean serum levels of fasting blood sugar (P=0.023) and TG (P=0.008) as well as HOMA-IR (P=0.023) were significantly higher in the cases compared to controls. Also, patients with MetS and vitamin D insufficiency (cases) had higher AIP (P=0.040) and LAP (P=0.012) than controls. Furthermore, serum 25(OH)D levels showed significant inverse correlations with serum RBP-4 and a positive correlation with serum omentin-1 concentrations. The results of the present study showed that vitamin D deficiency correlated with some of the cardiometabolic risk factors among the patients with MetS.