Effect of education on knowledge of fertility counseling and attitudes toward fertility control.

BACKGROUND: The development of any society depends on proper planning in various fields such as population and birth control. Fertility control is designed to create a level of population growth appropriate to the resources available and to ensure a good life. Receiving information and education is one of the basic strategies to change the attitude toward fertility and awareness in most people in society. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effect of education on knowledge of fertility counseling and attitudes toward fertility control in health workers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study was a randomized clinical trial with a control group that was conducted in the presence of 107 health workers of health centers and community health centers working in Mashhad in 2017. The research units were randomly divided into three groups (webinar training, group discussion training, and control). Research tools were researcher-made questionnaires on attitudes toward fertility and measuring healthy reproductive awareness that all study participants completed at the beginning of the study and 2 weeks after the intervention. Data analysis was performed by the Chi-square, one-way analysis of variance, and independent t-test using the SPSS software version 16. RESULTS: The results of this study showed that at the beginning of the study, all three groups were homogeneous in terms of quantitative and qualitative demographic variables including age, education, work experience, type of employment, and number of family members. The results of Kruskal-Wallis test showed that before the intervention, the three groups did not have a statistically significant difference in terms of mean scores of awareness about fertility counseling (P = 0.77) and attitude toward fertility control (P = 0.523), but this relationship was significant after the interventions. Furthermore, the results of Mann-Whitney intragroup test showed that the scores before and after the intervention were significant in both educational groups (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Considering the importance of healthy fertility counseling and the important place of education in promoting awareness and attitude toward healthy fertility, it is recommended to use active educational methods to promote the awareness and attitude of health workers to provide healthy fertility services to couples.

Comparison of the effect of two training methods (webinar and group discussion) on improving the attitude and performance of health workers in providing counseling with fertility promotion approach.

INTRODUCTION: Due to the significant decrease in fertility in recent decades and the important role of health workers and health-care providers in providing healthy reproductive counseling, their training is necessary using effective educational methods. Webinar and group discussion (GD) are effective in this regard. This study was conducted to determine the most effective method and with the aim of comparing the effect of two training methods (webinar and GD) on the attitude and performance of health workers in providing counseling with fertility promotion approach in comprehensive health centers in Mashhad. METHODS: In this randomized trial study with a control group, 108 health workers working in health centers no. 2-3 and 5 of Mashhad entered the study and were randomly divided into three groups of training by webinar, GD, and control. Intervention groups received healthy fertility counseling skills in three training sessions. Research tools were demographic information questionnaires, fertility attitudes, and performance measurement checklists for fertility counseling. The questionnaires were completed in three groups at the beginning and after the completion of the interventions. Data analysis was performed by Chi-square test and one-way analysis of variance using SPSS software version 16. RESULTS: The analysis of variance test showed that before the intervention, there was no statistically significant difference between the three groups in terms of average scores of fertility attitude and performance scores of fertility counseling. After the interventions, the difference between the fertility attitude scores (P < 0.001) and the performance scores of fertility counseling (P < 0.001) was significant in the three groups. There was no significant relationship between demographic characteristics and attitude and performance. CONCLUSION: Teaching by webinar and GD promotes the attitude and performance of health workers in providing counseling with a fertility promotion approach. Therefore, it is recommended to use new educational methods such as webinar and GD to promote childbearing counseling, which has been emphasized in the country's population policies. Since the mean score difference for the webinar training method was the highest due to the mean scores, this method could be more effective than the GD method.

The relationship between hope and happiness with prenatal care.

INTRODUCTION: Prenatal care refers to proper and principled implementation aimed at maintaining a healthy pregnancy in terms of physical health and favorable psychological outcomes for the mother, infant, and family. The adequacy of prenatal care is an important indicator in predicting infant and maternal mortality. Mental health components such as hope and happiness can influence the quality of prenatal care. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between hope and happiness with prenatal care. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study that was performed on 200 pregnant mothers referred to Isfahan, Iran, comprehensive health centers in 2018 using an available sampling method. The research instrument was a questionnaire of hope, happiness, and quality of prenatal care that was completed by qualified people. The data were analyzed by descriptive and analytical statistical methods (Pearson correlation). RESULTS: The results of this study showed that there is a significant relationship between the adequacy of care and overall hope score (P = 0.032). There was also a positive and significant relationship between the adequacy of care and the subscales of hope (thinking [P = 0.002] and path [P = 0.004]). There was a positive and significant relationship between the adequacy of prenatal care and overall happiness score (P = 0.03). Positive emotion subscale (P = 0.033) had a significant positive correlation and negative emotion subscale (P = 0.001) had a significant negative relationship with the adequacy of prenatal care. CONCLUSION: According to the results, mental health can affect the quality of prenatal care. As a result, health providers to pregnant mothers can improve the adequacy of prenatal care by examining pregnant women in terms of these two issues, thereby improving the health of themselves and their children, and ultimately, community health.

Improving the level of awareness and attitude toward fertility and fertility counseling skills of health staff with both face-to-face and virtual training methods.

INTRODUCTION: Considering the trend of reducing fertility in recent decades, the level of awareness and attitude of health workers to fertility has an important role in achieving the country's demographic goals. Improving attitudes and improving the scientific level and skills of health workers are the basic pillars to improve the quality and quantity of health-care services. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of improving the level of awareness and attitude toward fertility and fertility counseling skills of health workers with both face-to-face and virtual training methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was a randomized controlled trial of three groups and pre-test-posttest experiments performed on 108 midwives and health-care workers working in Mashhad Health Center and Community Health Centers and Health Centers in 2015. The tools used in this study were four researcher-made questionnaires that were validated and reliable. Data analysis was performed by Chi-square test, one-way, and independent t-analysis of variance using SPSS software version 16. RESULTS: The results showed a significant increase in awareness level, attitude toward fertility, and counseling skills in the studied groups after the implementation of interventions (P < 0.001). Furthermore, there was a significant inverse relationship between the attitude score of the research units at the beginning of the study and the demographic variables with only the average work experience. CONCLUSION: Training is effective in raising the level of awareness and changing the attitude of health workers. The use of group discussion methods in person as well as through a webinar in which learners think, interact, and gain experience in promoting healthy fertility counseling promotes awareness, attitudes toward fertility, and their counseling skills in providing healthy reproductive counseling.

Investigating the relationship between social support and self-compassion by improving the adequacy of prenatal care.

INTRODUCTION: Getting pregnant care is different due to the psychological problems of pregnant mothers. Self-compassion and social support are the important components of mental health. Women with higher self-compassion and social support can take full care of their pregnancies. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between social support and self-compassion with adequate prenatal care. METHODS: The present study is a cross-sectional descriptive study that was performed in 2018 using the available sampling method on 500 pregnant mothers referred to Isfahan health centers. Individuals entered the study if they had entry criteria and no exit criteria, and completed social support, self-compassion, and adequacy of pregnancy care questionnaires. The data were coded and analyzed by SPSS software version 22 and Pearson's correlation statistical test. RESULTS: The results of data analysis with Pearson's correlation test showed a positive and statistically significant relationship with pregnancy care between the overall score of social support (P < 0.001) and the dimensions of social support such as family support (P < 0.002), support of friends (P < 0.004), and the support of other people (P < 0.001). The results also showed a positive and statistically significant relationship between self-compassion and prenatal care (P < 0.001). There was a significant positive relationship between the subscales of the self-empathy questionnaire, including kindness to oneself, human commonalities, mindfulness and increasing replication, and pregnancy care, but there was a significant negative relationship between subscales of isolation and self-judgment with pregnancy care. CONCLUSION: According to the results of the present study, social support and self-compassion as two components of mental health can affect the quality of services during pregnancy. For this reason, it is recommended that health-care providers pay attention to these two issues in order to increase the level of care during pregnancy and thus ensure maternal health during pregnancy and childbirth and the health of the fetus and baby.

The relationship between spiritual and emotional intelligence and sexual satisfaction of married women.

INTRODUCTION: Maintaining family stability is an important principle, and sexual satisfaction is an important component of family stability. Disturbance in it is a threat to the survival and stability of the family. Emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence are psychological variables that affect marital satisfaction or dissatisfaction. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between spiritual and emotional intelligence and sexual satisfaction of married women. METHODS: A cross-sectional correlation study was conducted on 200 married women referring to Lar health centers in 2017. Sampling was available in a way. The research units completed the King Spiritual Intelligence Questionnaire, Shoot Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire, Sexual Satisfaction and Beck Depression if they had inclusion criteria and written consent. Finally, the data were analyzed by Spearman statistical tests. RESULTS: The results of the Spearman test showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between emotional intelligence and sexual satisfaction (P = 0.001), with increased emotional intelligence and sexual satisfaction. The results of the study of emotional intelligence components showed that only the emotional adjustment component had a significant relationship with sexual satisfaction. The results also showed that there is a significant relationship between spiritual intelligence and sexual satisfaction and the components of transcendental consciousness, transcendental alertness, and personal meaningfulness with sexual satisfaction (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study and given that one of the duties of midwives is to provide counseling on sexual health, they can raise individual awareness, or group or educational classes, through awareness-raising campaigns for women, improving sexual relations and following are family health. midwives can enhance their spiritual intelligence, emotional intelligence, women's awareness, and sexual intercourse through counseling sessions (individually, in groups, or classes). All of the above can be a source of family health.