Rates of Joint Replacement Surgery in New Zealand, 1999-2015: A Comparison of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis.

OBJECTIVE: To determine rates of joint replacement for people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) and to examine the characteristics of those receiving elbow replacements. METHODS: Data were extracted from the New Zealand Joint Registry from 1999 to 2015 and annual rates calculated. RESULTS: Rates of joint replacement increased over time for OA but not RA. Elbow replacement was the only procedure performed more commonly in RA. CONCLUSION: There has been a substantial increase in joint replacement for OA in New Zealand. For RA, where access to biologics has been limited to those with erosions, joint replacement rates have not declined, with the exception of elbow replacements.

Management of Gout in a Hospital Setting: A Lost Opportunity.

OBJECTIVE: Management of gout is frequently suboptimal. The aim of this study was to determine the proportion of patients presenting to Christchurch Hospital for a gout flare and to determine whether management for both acute flares and urate lowering was in accordance with international recommendations. METHODS: A retrospective audit was undertaken of all admissions to Christchurch Hospital from June 1, 2013, to May 31, 2014, in which gout was coded as a primary or secondary discharge diagnosis. Information including demographics, comorbidities, concomitant medications, treatment of acute gout, and urate lowering was collected. RESULTS: A total of 235 acute admissions for gout in 216 individuals were identified. Eleven individuals had 2 admissions and 4 individuals had 3 admissions. In 95/235 admissions (40.4%), gout was the primary diagnosis. Gout accounted for 95/77,321 (0.12%) of acute admissions. The treatment of acute gout was prednisone monotherapy in 170/235 (72.3%) of admissions. Serum urate was measured at some point during 123/235 (52.3%) of admissions, with only 19/123 (15.4%) at target urate level (< 0.36 mmol/l). At 60 of the 235 admissions, urate-lowering therapy was already being prescribed. Nine out of 175 patients (5.1%) not treated with urate-lowering therapy at admission commenced allopurinol and 32/174 (18.4%) had commencement of urate-lowering therapy recommended in the discharge plan. CONCLUSION: Rates of admission for gout are similar to that observed in other studies. Failure to initiate, change, or recommend alterations in urate-lowering therapy to achieve target urate in people with gout admitted to hospital represents a significant lost opportunity to improve longterm gout management.

The clinical characteristics of older people with chronic multiple-site joint pains and their utilisation of therapeutic interventions: data from a prospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Chronic multiple-site joint pain (MSJP) is common in older people and associated with poor outcomes, yet under-researched. Our aim was to detail the clinical characteristics of people with MSJP and their utilisation of therapies. METHODS: MSJP was defined as pain in at least one large joint and one other joint for >6 weeks in the last three months. A mixed community, primary and secondary care cohort of people >50 years old underwent detailed history and examination by a single clinician. Treatment utilisation was recorded comprehensively. RESULTS: 201 adults were recruited, 82% women, mean age 63, BMI 31 kg/m(2). Median number of painful joints per patient was 6 (IQR 4-9; range 2-17); most common painful sites were knee (84%), lower back (62%) and shoulder (47%). 194/201 (96%) had an osteoarthritis (OA) diagnosis, 155/194 (80%) also had soft tissue pathology and 72% had back problems. 85% had OA at multiple sites. Upper and lower limb weakness was common (90 and 77% respectively). Lower limb weakness was significantly associated with obesity. Only 26% had received written information about their joints. Though 79% had attended physiotherapy, the majority (93%) had muscle weakness. Only 36 % of overweight participants had accessed weight-loss support. Half of those with foot pain had seen a podiatrist or used appliances. Multiple concurrent pharmacological therapies were used by 47%. CONCLUSION: MSJP represents a combination of OA, back pain and soft tissue disorders; muscle weakness is extremely common. Therapies appear underutilised in people with MJSP. Identifying the reasons for this should guide effective intervention research.

Primary care approaches to musculoskeletal multiple-site joint pain pharmacological therapy: a survey of general practitioners.

Chronic multiple-site joint pain (MSJP) due to osteoarthritis and soft tissue disorders is common in people over 50 years old and associated with poor outcomes. This study examined current pharmacological approaches to MSJP management in primary care. One hundred and fifty general practitioners (GPs) attending an educational seminar participated in an electronic survey (mean response rate 96%). Most GPs reported treating multiple painful joints concurrently (78%) compared with focusing on a single joint (21%). The majority believed there was no difference in analgesia for different disorders when selecting paracetamol (84%), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID)/COX-2 inhibitors (57%) or opioids (70%). When optimising therapy, intra-class optimisation (increase NSAID dose 41%, change to another NSAID/COX-2 inhibitor 30%) was preferred to inter-class step up therapy (add opioid 23%, change to opioid 6%). For NSAID gastrointestinal intolerance, the preference was to add a gastro-protective agent (74%). There is a need to better characterise MSJP and examine optimal pharmacotherapy regimens.

Comparison of the 2010 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism and the 1987 American Rheumatism Association classification criteria for rheumatoid arthritis in an early arthritis cohort in New Zealand.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the performance of the 2010 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism (ACR/EULAR) criteria with the 1987 American Rheumatism Association (ARA) criteria for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in an early arthritis cohort. METHODS: The study included 79 patients with early arthritis (symptoms < 12 months) and a minimum of 1 year of followup between January 2004 and August 2010. Case notes were reviewed to determine which criteria were fulfilled at initial, 3-month, 1-year, and 2-year visits. Requirements for disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy and presence of joint erosions were compared at 2 years. RESULTS: At the initial visit, twice as many patients fulfilled the 2010 criteria (67%) compared with the 1987 criteria (34%; p < 0.001). Forty-four percent of patients who fulfilled only the 2010 criteria at the initial visit went on to fulfill both 1987 and 2010 criteria at 3 months (p < 0.001). Eight patients did not meet the 1987 RA criteria solely because of short symptom duration. All 17/79 patients who developed joint erosions went on to eventually fulfill both criteria. Of those patients who fulfilled only the 2010 criteria at baseline, 25/27 (93%) ultimately received DMARD therapy compared with 24/26 (92%) of those fulfilling both 1987 and 2010 criteria. CONCLUSION: The 2010 ACR/EULAR RA criteria allowed earlier RA classification compared to the 1987 ARA criteria, although both criteria were equivalent in predicting joint erosions and subsequent need for DMARD (Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ANZCTR 12608000292370).

The Christchurch earthquake--providing a rheumatology service during a natural disaster.

To report on the effects of the Canterbury earthquake on rheumatology service provision and identify factors that allowed continuation of patient care. Data was collected on the number of appointments during the period after the earthquake and the effects of the earthquake on service provision. The rheumatology service faced unique challenges in continuing to provide a service and ensure ongoing care for our patients in the community after the earthquake. All outpatient services were cancelled for 2 weeks, resulting in the cancellation of 23 new patient and 145 follow-up patient appointments. Telephone consultation was attempted for all these patients. A total of 113 patients could be contacted, and 15 required acute review. Challenges included difficult access to the hospital, lack of laboratories for blood testing, limited access to clinical records, loss of power, sewerage and waste water and a contaminated drinking water supply. The impact of these on patients with rheumatic diseases was wide ranging. Despite a natural disaster and challenging logistics, the Rheumatology Department was able to provide a service with the use of remote telephone consultations and an electronic patient record backed up by an effective patient and primary practitioner education base and resource access.

A can of red herrings.

Lymphomatoid granulomatosis is a rare disease. Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibody is more commonly found in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and less frequently in some of the other rheumatic and non-rheumatic conditions. It is not recognized to be present in lymphoproliferative disease on its own. We report the first case of anti-CCP antibody positivity in lymphomatoid granulomatosis presenting with polyarthritis. This case illustrates the evolving nature of this disease and its characteristics at different stages leading to the challenge of an accurate diagnosis in the setting of a paraneoplastic polyarthritis.