Phytochemical Analysis and Habitat Suitability Mapping of Cardiocrinum cordatum (Thunb.) Makino Collected at Chiburijima, Oki Islands, Japan.

Cardiocrinum cordatum, known as ubayuri in Japan, has antihypertensive properties and has been shown to inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), which contributes to the production of angiotensin II, a hypotensive substance in the renin−angiotensin system. C. cordatum has been the subject of various studies as a useful plant and is applied as a functional food. Due to the limited distribution, loss of natural habitat by frequent natural disasters, and environmental conditions, the chemical content and biological activity of C. cordatum have been drastically affected. Obtaining a stable supply of Cardiocrinu cordatum material with high biological activity is still a challenge. Understanding the native habitat environment and suitable cultivation sites could help in solving this issue. Therefore, in the current study we investigated the effect of environmental parameters on the hypertensive and antioxidant activities of C. cordatum collected at Chiburijima, Oki Islands, Shimane Prefecture, Japan. We also predicted the habitat suitability of C. cordatum using a geographic information system (GIS) and MaxEnt model with various conditioning factors, including the topographic, soil, environmental, and climatic factors of the study area. A total of 37 individual plant samples along with soil data were collected for this study. In vitro assays of ACE inhibitory and antioxidant activity were conducted on the collected samples. The results show that plants at 14 out of 37 sites had very strong ACE inhibitory activity (IC50 < 1 mg mL−1). However, the collected plants showed no signs of strong antioxidant activity. Statistical analysis using analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that BIO05 (F value = 2.93, p < 0.05), nitrate−nitrogen (F value = 2.46, p < 0.05), and silt (F value = 3.443, p < 0.05) significantly affected ACE inhibitory activity. On the other hand, organic carbon content (F value = 10.986, p < 0.01) was found to significantly affect antioxidant activity. The final habitat suitability map shows 3.3% very high and 6.8% high suitability regions, and samples with ACE inhibition activity were located within these regions. It is recommended further investigations and studies are conducted on C. cordatum in these locations. The prediction suitability model showed accuracy with AUC-ROC of 96.7% for the study area.

Phytochemical Analysis and Habitat Suitability Mapping of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. Collected in the Hatay Region of Turkey.

The growth and quality of licorice depend on various environmental factors, including the local climate and soil properties; therefore, its cultivation is often unsuccessful. The current study investigated the key factors that affect the contents of bioactive compounds of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. root and estimated suitable growth zones from collection sites in the Hatay region of Turkey. The contents of three bioactive compounds (glycyrrhizic acid, glabridin, and liquiritin), soil factors (pH, soil bearing capacity, and moisture content), and geographical information (slope, aspect, curvature, elevation, and hillshade) were measured. Meteorological data (temperature and precipitation) were also obtained. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) were performed on the data. The soil bearing capacity, moisture content, slope, aspect, curvature, and elevation of the study area showed statistically significant effects on the glycyrrhizic acid and liquiritin contents. A habitat suitability zone map was generated using a GIS-based frequency ratio (FR) model with spatial correlations to the soil, topographical, and meteorological data. The final map categorized the study area into four zones: very high (15.14%), high (31.50%), moderate (40.25%), and low suitability (13.11%). High suitability zones are recommended for further investigation and future cultivation of G. glabra.