[Estimation of the diet and metabolic status of hokkey players with different body mass].

Intense physical activity can lead to endogenous intoxication of the organism of athletes. Metabolic stress occurs due to the acceleration of plastic and energy exchanges and the accumulation of products of incomplete metabolism, lipid peroxidation processes are activated, changes occur in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system of the organism. One of the first and most powerful means of recovery is nutrition. The aim of the work is to evaluate biochemical blood parameters characterizing the metabolic processes in athletes with different body weight under organized nutrition. Material and methods. Three groups of hockey players aged 26.4±0.8 years old were examined, playing in the Continental Hockey League, with different body mass (BM): below the 25th quartile - 1st (n=7), above 75th quartile - 3rd (n=9) and in the zone of 25- 75 quartile - 2nd (n=17). For the assessment of the consumption of nutrients and energy per day, menu layouts have been analyzed. Blood biochemical parameters (total protein, urea, creatinine, glucose, total cholesterol, high and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides', creatine kinase-MB, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), testosterone and cortisol), characterizing the metabolic status of the organism, have been determined through 2.5 and 4 months of games. The anabolism index, atherogenic index and De Ritis Ratio have been calculated. Results and discussion. The energy value of the diet (6693.5 kcal/day), in general, corresponded to the daily needs of athletes (from 5953.2 to 6494.4 kcal/day). Daily calorie intake in the individuals of group 1st was higher than recommended by 13.5%, 2nd - by 3.1%, 3rd - corresponded to the need per 1 kg of BM. Protein level exceeded the norm for individuals of groups 1-3 by 51.4-27.0%; fats - by 34.0-12.4%. The amount of carbohydrates complied with the norm only for persons of group 1st. Athletes of groups 2nd and 3rd received less carbohydrates, respectively by 6.7 and 13.8%. Testosterone level was within the normal range, while cortisol level was significantly higher than norm. The anabolism index indicated that individuals from groups 1st and 2nd were overtraining at all stages of observation, and group 3rd - after 4 months of games. Urea level in the re-examination significantly increased and exceeded the norm by 30.4, 27.4 and 25.3%, respectively, creatinine level also elevated. After 2.5 months of games, total cholesterol in individuals of groups 2nd and 3rd was higher than in group 1st, but did not go beyond the reference limit; after 4 months it exceeded the norm. High-density lipoproteins were lower or within low norm limit; low-density lipoproteins in group 1st slightly increased, and in group 2nd and 3rd exceeded the norm. Atherogenic index increased, exceeding the age norm in all groups. Creatine kinase-MB went beyond the normal range in hockey players of all groups. AST increased in groups 2nd and 3rd, exceeding the norm. De Ritis Ratio in athletes of all groups in each study was above the norm. Conclusion. In hockey players, signs of catabolism were more pronounced in group 1st, less than in 3rd (cortisol level). The systemic metabolic shift towards an increase in protein catabolism in the same sequence was indicated by the level of urea and creatinine and De Ritis Ratio. Lipid metabolism disorders were more pronounced in individuals of groups 2nd and 3rd. Biochemical indicators showed the presence of overtraining, hypoxia in the heart muscle cells and the activation of biochemical processes in the direction of gluconeogenesis, which was confirmed by the data on insufficient consumption of diet carbohydrates.

[Antioxidant status evaluation in sportsmen using in their ration natural concentrated food products made by cryogenic technology].

The authors evaluated the level of products of lipid peroxidation and enzymatic component of antioxidant defense in 30 sportsmen (19-22 years) going in for boat racing at pre-competition period, after competition and during one month of subsequent planned training. At the same time, the authors assessed some indices of vitamin (А, Е, В1, В2) and mineral status of human organism (zinc, copper, iron). As the criteria of antioxidant defense status, catalase activity and ceruloplasmin level were detected in blood serum, content of products of lipid peroxidation was evaluated according to levels of malon dialdehyde and nitric oxide metabolites. To assess influence of food ration upon antioxidant defense in sportsmen, natural concentrated food products made by cryogenic technology were administrated to persons of the main group (n=15). The food products were administrated as powder in second course during organized diner. The food products were not given to persons in control group (n=15). First food product consisted of vegetable components and animal protein: cryopowders of rabbit meat, celery, onion, pumpkin, hips. Second food product consisted of cryopowders of red grape, topinambour, beet root and verdure of parsley. Both food products were given 10 grams during 15 days. Results showed before study 40% of sportsmen had high level of products of lipid peroxidation. It probably provided evidence about inadequacy of physical loads. These changes were detected against the background decreased content of vitamins А (10.0% persons), Е (40.0% persons), В2 (43.3% persons), В1 (100.0% persons), copper (30.0% persons) and iron (53.3 % persons). The preparation for sportive competitions led to augmentation of products of lipid peroxidation in control group. In persons of main group using the food products during pre-competition period, the increase of micronutrient saturation was noted; it probably positively influenced upon metabolic processes in human organism and prevented the augmentation of production of malon dialdehyde and nitric metabolites. The enzymatic component activity in control group did not change and was in the range of standard. Since the level of lipid peroxidation metabolites in blood serum in main group significantly decreased at the end of observation, but enzymatic component activity remained high (it provided evidence of higher antioxidant defense), the authors supposed aftereffect due to using in ration food products with elevated content of biologically active substances. Probably, sportsmen of main group more sufficiently endured planned physical loads. Obtained results provided evidence about availability of using food products made by cryogenic technology in ration of sportsmen of different kind of sport.

[Evaluation of preventive effectiveness of food products by community-acquired pneumonia with unknown causative agent].

The aim of the study is to evaluate a preventive effectiveness of food products with elevated content of biologically active substances by community-acquired pneumonia with unknown causative agent. The authors studied two groups of youngsters (18 years old) during period of adaptation to conditions of organized group: with normal nutritional status [with body mass index (BMI) = 19.5-22.9 kg/m2] and decreased one (with BMI = 18.5-19.4 kg/m2). Tumor necrosis factor (TNFα) and interleukin 1α (IL-1ß) levels in blood serum were criteria of degree of inflammatory process. Functional activity of phagocytes was also evaluated with the use of nitroblue tetrasol test (NTT-test). To prevent pneumonia natural concentrated food product made of vegetable raw materials (3.0 g per day) by cryogen technology was added in diet of persons with normal nutritional status during two periods (15 days) with an interval (30 days). But persons with decreased nutritional status got the product made of protein-vegetable raw materials during 15 days only and additionally product made of protein-vegetable raw materials by cryogen technology one time per day (35.0 g) during 15 days. The persons with normal nutritional status were divided in three group: persons (480 men) in the first group got the product only, persons (100 men) of the second group underwent vaccination with polysaccharide polyvalent «Pneumo-23¼ vaccine only, persons (316 men) of the third group underwent vaccination in combination with the product intake. The persons (231 men) with decreased nutritional status composed one group and got the food product only. Control group consisted of 263 men with normal nutritional status. The authors evaluated incidence rates during three months of observation and duration of in-patient treatment. The results were compared with data obtained in baseline period (the same time periods during three years before the study). The authors received data on the decrease of a reserve ability of phagocytes; it provided evidence about an initial deficiency of immune protection factors in persons with decreased nutritional status. In adaptation period, this phenomenon was observed in persons with normal nutritional status too. The including of protein-vegetable product in diet promoted the increase of bactericidal function of neutrophils and body weight among youngsters with decreased nutritional status; but including of vegetable product kept bactericidal function of neutrophils on normal level. In adaptation period, TNFα levels increased in both groups by 21.0 and 35.1%, respectively; IL-1ß level did not significantly change in group with normal nutritional status, but increased 2.25 fold in persons with decreased nutritional status. The levels of studied cytokins decreased to baseline values in 30 days after the product intake. To this time, TNFα increased 1.8 fold and IL-1ß increased 2.86 times in control group. A preventive effectiveness of the especially created products in nidus with unknown causative agent was confirmed by the decrease of incidence rate (82.4-78.4%) in persons with normal and lower nutritional status that coincided with effectiveness of a vaccinal prevention only. The food product with antioxidant properties potentiated a vaccinal prevention. The positive effect consisted in lack of fatal outcomes and outbreaks of the disease; mean bed-day decreased on 3.5 days; predominance of mild form of the disease in clinical picture in comparison with same parameters during basic period of observation.

[Epidemiological and hygiene assessment of the health status of population in the area of the construction site of low-head water power development].

Hydrotechnical facilities have significant environmental and health imyacts. Results of a hygienic assessment of the condition of environmental objects in the area of the yrojected Nizhny Novgorod low-head water ylant develoyment showed that the both air and water pollution level in decentralized water supply sources in Balakhna and Gorodets are lower than in the city of Nizhny Novgorod, and those of the water in the water supply network are higher than in the reference area. A cross-sectional study has revealed in the main grouf (Gorodets, Zavolzhye and Balakhna) the rate of morbidity of nervous system and cardiovascular diseases to be higher than in the reference group (Nizhny Novgorod), with cardiovascular diseases being the largest contributor to the overall grevalence rate in the groug under analysis; and digestive system diseases, in the reference group. The study has no revealed direct correlation between morbidity rate in children and adults and the studied factors. However, a direct relationship has been found between the prevalence rate of endocrine diseases in children and the quality of water in the water supply network in Balakhna District (p<0.007); also, there's a correlation between the morbidity rate of digestive diseases and air pollution and water quality in the water supply network (p<0.009). In the Gorodets District, the same situation has been revealed: the morbidity rate of endocrine diseases in children depends on quality of water from the water supply network (p<0.049); the prevalence rate of digestive diseases, on air pollution and water quality in the water supply network (p<0.048). In the same region in adults the prevalence rate of the nervous system diseases, digestive diseases and diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue depends on air pollution and pollution of water in the water supply network (p<0.011, p<0.01 and p<0.02, respectively).

[ASSESSMENT OF PEFORMANCE IN STUDENTS WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM WITH THE USE OF THE DEVELOPED SOFTWARE FOR PC "TAPPING-TEST"].

There was developed the PC software, which demonstrates the type of nervous system, allows us to differentiate people according to the empirical coefficient within groups with the same type of nervous system, provides information on the severity of the asymmetry of the hemispheres of the brain and shows the results of performance of the work It does not require additional calculations. With its use there were examined 1 and 2 courses students of the institution. Ehpyky was performed the comparative analysis of the progress of students with different types of nervous system. The academic performance in the examinees with a strong type of nervous system was significantly higher than in those with a weak type. In order to improve professional training the assessment of the type of the nervous system can be used in the educational process for the identification and correction of students with a weak nervous system.

[THE POSSIBILITY OF APPLICATION OF COLORIMETRY TECHNIQUE OF DETECTION OF LEVELS OF OXIDATIVE STRESS AND ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY OF SERUM].

The analysis was implemented concerning indicators of oxidative status and antioxidant capacity of serum. The indicators were received by colorimetry technique based on detection of peroxides in blood serum in examined patients of different categories: healthy persons aged from 17 to 20 years and from 30 to 60 years and patients with bronchopulmonary pathology. The low level of oxidative stress and high antioxidant capacity of serum were established in individuals ofyounger age. With increasing of age, degree of expression of oxidative stress augmented and level of antioxidant defense lowered. Almost all patients with bronchopulmonary pathology had high level of oxidative stress and low level of antioxidant defense. The analysis of quantitative data of examined indicators their conformity with health condition was established

[Ecologically-dependent vitamin-minerals insufficiency in the sportsmen's organism].

The authors revealed the reduction of saturation of iron, copper, zinc, E and B2 vitamins in sportsmen's organism under high physical exercise. The negative effect was associated with the duration of training - competition cycles. The reduced vitamin-mineral saturation of the organism was associated with the low ferritin level and an imbalance in the hormonal regulation of erythropoiesis. The state of erythropoiesis can be a criterion performance of athletes, whereas a degree of saturation of the body with minerals and vitamins can be the criterion for prenosological diagnosis of their health and professional relevance.

[On the issue of optimization of adaptation process to new environment taking into consideration climate and weather conditions].

There are revealed the features in the registration of newly diagnosed morbidity in cases in the organized team out of number of persons constantly living in the conditions of Baltic Sea (Kaliningrad region), as well as in those coming from other parts of the Russian Federation. This stipulates the elaboration of measures for prevention of disadaptational shifts in the organism related with adaptational processes as well as the process of acclimatization.

[Antioxidant system as a perspective direction in the assessment of the state and prognosis of population health].

The study of blood serum of persons falling under the category of people with high and very high physical activity, revealed the increase of the production of the stress hormone cortisol, that indicates to the prevalence of catabolic processes in the body, the decrease in saturation with zinc, copper, iron, disturbing the activity of enzyme link, and the reduction of the saturation of the body with vitamins A and E that causes the deterioration of the state of low-molecular link of antioxidant protection. Significant physical loads contributed to the accumulation of lipid peroxidation products, by leading to oxidative stress, which was an adverse predictor of health. The obtained data prove that the indices of the state of the antioxidant system are a marker of health and criteria of population life quality.

[Effeciency of usage of natural low caloric protein-vegetable product by patients with excess body weight and hypertension].

The efficiency of the usage of natural low caloric concentrated protein-vegetable food product (LCCF) by 23 persons with excess body weight at the age of 30-44 years (the 1st group) and 30 hypertensive patients at remission stage and overweight at age 45-59 years old (the 2nd group) has been assessed. According to energy expenditure, all examined male persons were classified to II group of physical activity: PhysicalActivity Coefficient (PAC) was 1,35±0,14 and 1,34±0,22 respectively. As for dietary intake, authors revealed an excess of protein (up to 20,1%), fat (up to 17,2%) and daily caloric content over daily energy expenditure that led to an increase of body weight along with metabolic and liver function disorders. Initially, body mass index (BMI) was 29,9±0,6 kg/m2 in the 1st group and 36,2±0,4 kg/m2 in the 2nd group. LCCFP was administrated to persons in studied groups and consisted of fat-free curd, egg white, rye bran, dried apricots, laminaria, leaves of green tea and cowberry. The product was made by cryogenic technology. LCCFP (35 g) was administrated two times per day instead of breakfast and supper during 15 days. Protein content in 1 portion of LCCFP was 5.2 g, fats -3.8 g, carbohydrates - 16.8 g; energy value - 122 kcal. The decrease of daily caloric content was 1225,5 kilocalories (kcal) in the 1st group and 1071,3 kcal in the 2nd group duringperiod of LCCFP administration; the energy value of the diet amounted to an average of 1420 and 1560 kcal per day. During the study, authors found serum protein indices were constant, but revealed the decrease of the level of glucose (by 15,3-18%), cholesterol (18,8-19%), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (13,9-15,8%), triglycerides (20-26,3%) and alanine aminotransferase (39,7-41,4%) and asparagine aminotransferase (40,6-40,7%) activity. This provided evidence of positive influence of the natural protein-vegetable LCCFP on fat and carbohydrate metabolisms as well as liver function. Also, the decrease of atherogenicity index (1,45-1,5 units) gave evidence of effectiveness of used method. The decrease of systolic arterial pressure (by 12,9%) and diastolic arterialpressure (by 20,7%) in patients with hypertension at remission stage and body weightprovided evidence of positive influence of caloric content decrease due to LCCFP administration on function of cardiovascular system in this category of examined persons.

[Vitamin and mineral status of oarsmen during the training-competition cycles].

Vitamin and minerals status of 30 sportsmen aged 16.8 +/- 0.2 years (trained in boat racing 5.0 +/- 0.3 years) during the training--competition cycles in autumn and winter has been studied. A significant decrease of vitamin A level in the range of reference limits was found in 30.8% of sportsmen during autumn season, but such decrease was revealed in 100% of examined sportsmen during winter Vitamin B1 and B2 deficiency has been detected in both seasons. The portion of persons with vitamin B2 deficiency increased during training cycles. A significant decrease of magnesium (in 56.3% of sportsmen) and sodium level (in 33.3% of sportsmen) was detected during autumn season. Irrespective of the season a significant decrease of blood serum of calcium (in 40.0-66.7% of sportsmen); potassium (in 53.3-66.7% of sportsmen according to both absolute and individual data); chlorides (in 50.0-90.0% of sportsmen), and iron (in 53.3-60.0% of sportsmen) has been revealed. The data obtained indicate the need for diagnostics and correction of vitamin and minerals status in sportsmen.

[On prevention of a combined impact of electromagnetic radiation and climatic/weather factors on worker's organism].

Under conditions of combined exposure of the electromagnetic radiation generated by the PC or the industrial frequency and impact of hot or high-level continental climate to the organism the need to assess microclimatic conditions of open areas and the introduction of preventive nutrition to enhance the body's natural resistance, prevention of obesity and diseases associated with increased blood pressure and the development of coronary heart disease has been established.

[Analysis of actual nutrition and energy expenditure in patients with circulatory system diseases in remission].

Actual nutrition assessment in overweight patients with hypertensive disease (HD) and coronary heart disease (CHD) in remission determined excess food rations in calorie content, nutrient composition imbalance, and inadequate intake of vitamins, mineral substances, and dietary fibers. This results in impaired metabolic processes. Nutrition optimization should be a constituent in the complex of maintenance therapy in patients with HD and CHD. Moreover, the patients need higher motor activity.

[Assessment of the significance of climatogeographic conditions as health risk factors].

Under the conditions of hot and mountain-continental climate, the morbidity rates in the inhabitants were estimated to be significantly lower than those in young men who had not been acclimatized or adapted to living conditions and in non-acclimatized men. A role of individual physical environmental factors (temperature, relative humidity, barometric pressure, average and maximum air speed) and integral exposure by the wind chill index (a combined impact of an air speed and ambient temperature) as risk factors to human health was defined, The mountain-continental climate showed a relationship of the influence of these factors to habitation at different altitudes above sea level.

[Efficiency of the use of nutriceutics and parapharmaceutics for the prevention of skin and subcutaneous fat infections].

The use of nutriceutics (hexavit (multivitamin) or the natural concentrated product (NCP) Atlant from the raw plant material) and the parapharmaceutic lyophilized bifidumbacterin to enhance natural resistance in the subjects of an organized collective body in skin and subcutaneous fat infections (SSFI) (furuncul, abscess, phlegmons, pyodermas) showed the increasing bactericidal activity of the skin, normalized composition of colonic microflora, decreases in primary morbidity from appealability rates and in SSFI morbidity. When the NCP was taken, prophylactic efficiency was higher, which was likely associated with its increased concentrations of antioxidant vitamins (A, E, and C) and minor components.

[Effectiveness of using low-calorific food supplement in diet of patient with hypertension and ischemic heart disease].

A positive effect on metabolic processes in hypertension and coronary heart disease in remission of a low-calorie dietary supplement containing a small amount of carbohydrates and fats was determined. The food substance, which contains a negligible amount of carbohydrates and fats, compensated a daily need in proteins and made a regulative impact on gastrointestinal tract function. The effectiveness of the food substance became apparent: in lipid metabolism normalization, glucose level in blood decreased to standard values, functions of liver and cardio-vascular system became normal.

[Effectiveness of using natural products in diet of patients with hypertension].

Having included in nutrition ration of patients with hypertension of natural vegetation product the authors revealed its influence on metabolic processes in human organism. It was found normalization of tone of brain and conjunctiva vessels, arterial pressure, rhythm and rate of pulse; the decrease of intensity of heart repolarization disorders and signs of vitamin-mineral insufficiency. It was observed head and heart pain relief. There were no significant differences in the dynamics in control group.

[Prevention of infectious diseases in the troops stationed in poor climate regions].

Respiratory diseases, with the proportion of acute upper respiratory tract infections being as high as 75.6-87.0%, were of the greatest military and epidemiological significance for the military staff in the Republic of Dagestan. There were high incidence rates of acute enteric infections, among which shigellosis caused by S. flexneri 2a constituted a high proportion. The epidemic process under dry hot climate was characterized by significant summer seasonal variations with its maximum incidence in August, which was associated with the water transmission route. Under mountain continental climate, the incidence of sporadic cases of diarrheas and gastroenteritis of probably infectious origin was prevalent without a significant seasonal upsurge.

[Evaluation of the influence of physical environmental factors on morbidity among armed forces personnel].

Under the conditions of hot and mountain-continental climate, the morbidity rates were estimated to be significantly lower than those in young men who had not been acclimatized or adapted to living conditions and in non-acclimatized men. A role of individual physical environmental factors (temperature, relative humidity, barometric pressure, average and maximum air speed) and integral exposure by the wind chill index (a combined impact of an air speed and ambient temperature) as risk factors to human health was defined. The mountain-continental climate showed a relationship of the influence of these factors to habitation at different altitudes.

[On health risk factors for military officers in mountainous area].

The authors confirmed negative influence of physical environmental hazards and occupational factors. Health risk factors were: acclimatization and adaptation to work and lifestyle, peculiarities of material supplies, morphologic state and body functional level caused by age of the examinees.