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1.
Blood Cancer Discov ; 2024 Sep 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39283238

RESUMO

First-degree relatives of multiple myeloma (MM) patients are at increased risk for MM, but the contribution of pathogenic germline variants (PGVs) in hereditary cancer genes to MM risk and outcomes is not well characterized. To address this, we analyzed germline exomes in two independent cohorts of 895 and 786 MM patients. PGVs were identified in 8.6% of the discovery cohort and 11.5% of the replication cohort, with a notable presence of high or moderate-penetrance PGVs (PGV-As) in DNA repair genes (3.6% and 4.1%, respectively). PGVs in BRCA1 (OR=3.9, FDR<0.01) and BRCA2 (OR=7.0, FDR<0.001) were significantly enriched in MM patients compared to 134,187 healthy controls. Five of the eight BRCA2 PGV carriers exhibited tumor-specific copy number loss in BRCA2, suggesting somatic loss of heterozygosity. PGV-As were associated with younger age at diagnosis, personal or familial cancer history, and longer progression-free survival after upfront high-dose melphalan and autologous stem cell transplant (p<0.01).

3.
J Hematol Oncol ; 15(1): 109, 2022 08 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35978321

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a progressive plasma cell neoplasm characterized by heterogeneous clonal expansion. Despite promising response rates achieved with anti-BCMA CAR-T cell therapy, patients may still relapse and there are currently no clear therapeutic options in post-CAR-T settings. In this report, we present a case of a post-BCMA CAR-T relapsed/refractory (RR) MM patient with skin extramedullary disease (EMD) in which a novel MAPK inhibition combinatorial strategy was implemented based on next-generation sequencing and in vitro experiments. CASE PRESENTATION: A 61-year-old male with penta-refractory MM penta- (IgA lambda), ISS stage 3 with hyperdiploidy, gain of 1q21 and del13 was treated with anti-BCMA CAR-T cell therapy, achieving a best response of VGPR. He progressed after 6 months and was salvaged for a short period with autologous stem cell transplantation. Eventually, he progressed with extramedullary disease manifested as subcutaneous nodules. Based on whole-exome sequencing, we identified a BRAF (V600E) dominant subclone in both bone marrow and cutaneous plasmacytoma. Following in vitro experiments, and according to our previous studies, we implemented a triple MAPK inhibition strategy under which the patient achieved a very good partial response for 110 days, which allowed to bridge him to subsequent clinical trials and eventually achieve a stringent complete response (sCR). CONCLUSION: Here, we show the applicability, effectiveness, and tolerability the triple MAPK inhibition strategy in the context of post-BCMA CAR-T failure in specific subset of patients. The triple therapy could bridge our hospice bound RRMM patient with BRAF (V600E) to further therapeutic options where sCR was achieved. We will further evaluate triple MAPK inhibition in patients with BRAF V600E in a precision medicine clinical trial launching soon.


Assuntos
Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Mieloma Múltiplo , Receptores de Antígenos Quiméricos , Antígeno de Maturação de Linfócitos B/genética , Humanos , Imunoterapia Adotiva , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mieloma Múltiplo/genética , Mieloma Múltiplo/terapia , Mutação , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/etiologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas B-raf/genética , Receptores de Antígenos Quiméricos/genética , Transplante Autólogo
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