Exploring COVID-19 vaccine adverse events among pregnant women: a cross-sectional study, 2022.

Background: Clear and trustworthy information is crucial to improving public acceptance of COVID-19 vaccinations, especially among pregnant women. Given the increased risk of severe viral pneumonia in pregnant women, it is critical to foster confidence in the vaccine's safety and understand any potential adverse events (AEs). So, we did this study in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (SA), from March to May 2022 to compare women who did not get any doses of the COVID-19 vaccine during pregnancy (Group A) to women who did get at least one dose during pregnancy (Group B) regarding (1) the frequency, types, AEs, and management of its AEs of the COVID-19 vaccination; and (2) exploring pregnancy, delivery, and fetus-related complications (e.g., miscarriage, birth defects, and preterm labor). Methods: A cross-sectional study targeted 438 women who gave birth or were pregnant within the previous 8 weeks. Data was collected through face-to-face interviews with skilled nurses in 13 randomly selected primary healthcare facilities, using a validated, well-structured questionnaire that included the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) COVID-19 vaccination-related AEs. We analyzed the collected data using SPSS version 27. Results: Most participants were aged 25 to less than 35 (58.8%), and 287 (61.3%) were university graduates. There was no statistically significant difference among the studied groups regarding demographics. However, women in Group B had a significantly higher rate of abortions, oligohydramnios (24.4%), abnormal placentas (size and location), 103 (42.7%) abnormal fetal growth, 122 (53.7%) problems breastfeeding, blood pressure problems, and more cases of malaise, headaches, chest pain, breathing problems, and sleep problems than women in Group A. After the second and third doses, the confirmed post-vaccination COVID-19 rates in Group B were lower than those in Group A. Conclusion: The COVID-19 vaccine significantly reduces post-vaccination COVID-19. Although COVID-19 vaccine-related AES are prevalent, analgesics and antipyretics effectively treat most of them.

Background: Clear and trustworthy information is essential for increasing public acceptance of COVID-19 vaccinations, particularly among pregnant women who face higher risks of severe illness. This study, conducted from March to May 2022 in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, aimed to explore issues related to COVID-19 vaccination in pregnant women. The study focused to compare those who did not receive any vaccination doses during pregnancy (Group A) and those who received at least one dose or more during pregnancy (Group B) regarding 1) the frequency, types, AEs, and management of the COVID-19 vaccination among moms; and 2) exploring pregnancy, delivery, and fetus-related complications (e.g., miscarriage, birth defects, preterm labor, etc.). Methods: We conducted the study on 438 women who had given birth within the past 8 weeks. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews with skilled nurses at 13 randomly selected primary healthcare facilities using a validated questionnaire. Results: In this study, it is observed:• Most participants were aged 25 to less than 35 years old (58.8%), and 61.3% were university graduates.• No significant demographic differences were found between groups.• The study groups showed a statistically significant difference in the occurrence of spontaneous abortions, oligohydramnios, abnormal placentas (size and location), abnormal fetal growth, blood pressure problems, breastfeeding problems, malaise, headaches, chest pain, breathing problems, and sleep problems. However, most reported AEs required only analgesics and antipyretics.• Post-vaccination COVID-19 rates were lower in vaccinated women after the second and third doses. Conclusions: The COVID-19 vaccine significantly reduces post-vaccination COVID-19. Although COVID-19 vaccine-related AES are prevalent, analgesics and antipyretics effectively treat most of them.

Prevalence and issues of COVID-19 vaccine adverse events among pregnant women.

Clinicopathological significance of protein disulphide isomerase A3 and phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in cervical carcinoma.

Introduction: Death in cervical cancer patients is usually due to invasion and metastasis due to the aggressive nature of the tumour. Therefore, it is critical to identify potent therapeutic targets and prognostic markers to detect high-risk patients. Material and methods: We assessed the immunohistochemical expression of protein disulphide isomerase A3 (PDIA3) and phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p-STAT3) in 50 cases of cervical carcinoma, and we investigated their association with clinicopathological characteristics. Results: High PDIA3 was detected in 50% of cases, and statistical analysis revealed a positive correlation between high PDAI3 expression and tumour grade (p < 0.001) and large tumour size (p = 0.010), depth of stromal invasion (p = 0.017), lymph-vascular invasion (p = 0.005), parametrial invasion (p < 0.001), nodal metastasis (p < 0.001), and higher International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics stages (p < 0.001). Positive nuclear expression of p-STAT3 was detected in 44% of cases and showed significant association with histological grade (p = 0.036), tumour stage (p = 0.021), nodal metastasis (p = 0.020), and parametrial invasion (p = 0.045); statistical analysis of the patient's survival data revealed that shorter overall survival and disease-free survival, S, were associated with high PDIA3 expression and positive p-STAT3 immunoexpression. Conclusions: The high expression of PDIA3 and p-STAT3 was related to highly aggressive cervical carcinoma with poor prognosis, and high risk of recurrence after the standardised protocol of treatment. Hence, both PDIA3 and p-STAT3 could be considered as novel biomarkers for tumour progression and promising targets in the management of cervical carcinoma patients.

Exploring predictors and prevalence of postpartum depression among mothers: Multinational study.

BACKGROUND: Postpartum depression (PPD) affects around 10% of women, or 1 in 7 women, after giving birth. Undiagnosed PPD was observed among 50% of mothers. PPD has an unfavorable relationship with women's functioning, marital and personal relationships, the quality of the mother-infant connection, and the social, behavioral, and cognitive development of children. We aim to determine the frequency of PPD and explore associated determinants or predictors (demographic, obstetric, infant-related, and psychosocial factors) and coping strategies from June to August 2023 in six countries. METHODS: An analytical cross-sectional study included a total of 674 mothers who visited primary health care centers (PHCs) in Egypt, Yemen, Iraq, India, Ghana, and Syria. They were asked to complete self-administered assessments using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). The data underwent logistic regression analysis using SPSS-IBM 27 to list potential factors that could predict PPD. RESULTS: The overall frequency of PPD in the total sample was 92(13.6%). It ranged from 2.3% in Syria to 26% in Ghana. Only 42 (6.2%) were diagnosed. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed there were significant predictors of PPD. These factors included having unhealthy baby adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 11.685, 95% CI: 1.405-97.139, p = 0.023), having a precious baby (aOR 7.717, 95% CI: 1.822-32.689, p = 0.006), who don't receive support (aOR 9.784, 95% CI: 5.373-17.816, p = 0.001), and those who are suffering from PPD. However, being married and comfortable discussing mental health with family relatives are significant protective factors (aOR = 0.141 (95% CI: 0.04-0.494; p = 0.002) and (aOR = 0.369, 95% CI: 0.146-0.933, p = 0.035), respectively. CONCLUSION: The frequency of PPD among the mothers varied significantly across different countries. PPD has many protective and potential factors. We recommend further research and screenings of PPD for all mothers to promote the well-being of the mothers and create a favorable environment for the newborn and all family members.

Menstrual changes after COVID-19 vaccination and/or SARS-CoV-2 infection and their demographic, mood, and lifestyle determinants in Arab women of childbearing age, 2021.

Background: By September 2, 2021, over 30,000 COVID-19-vaccinated females had reported menstrual changes to the MHRA's Yellow Card surveillance system. As a result, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) is urging researchers to investigate the COVID-19 vaccine's effects on menstruation. Therefore, this study was conducted to explore the menstrual changes after COVID-19 vaccination and/or SARS-CoV-2 infection and their interrelations with demographic, mood, and lifestyle factors in Arab women of childbearing age (CBA). Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted during October 2021 using an Arabic validated and self-administrated questionnaire. In total, 1,254 Women of CBA in the Arabic Population (15-50 y) with regular menstrual cycles were randomly selected from five countries (Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Syria, Libya, and Sudan). Results: The mean (SD) age of the 1,254 studied females was 29.6 (8.5) years old. In total, 634 (50%) were married, 1,104 (88.0%) had a University education or above, 1,064 (84.4%) lived in urban areas, and 573 (45.7%) had normal body weight. Moreover, 524 (41.8%) were COVID-19 cases and 98 women (18.7%) reported menstrual changes (MCs). The 1,044 (83.5%) vaccinated females reported 418 (38.5%) MCs after being vaccinated, and these MCs resolved in 194 women (55.1%) after more than 9 months. Statistically significant relationships were observed between the reported MCs and the following variables: age, marital status, level of education, nationality, residence, and BMI. MCs were reported at 293(80.6) after the 2nd dose, and were mainly reported after 482 (46.1) Pfizer, 254 (24.3) Astrazenica, and 92 (8.8) Senopharm. Conclusion: MCs among women of CBA after COVID-19 infection and vaccination are prevalent and complex problems, and had many determinates.