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Objective This retrospective study aims to present the audiologic outcomes of patients aged 18 years and above who underwent treatment for sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) at the tertiary Hospital Central Sur Petróleos Mexicanos in Mexico City, Mexico, between January 2000 and December 2015. Main outcome measures The main outcome measures were patient demographics (age, sex, comorbidities) time from symptom onset to diagnosis and treatment initiation, initial threshold, treatment details (type, dosage, duration), adverse effects, audiometry at diagnosis and at the end of treatment, follow-up duration, and pure-tone average. Results A total of 72 patients were included, with a mean follow-up duration of four months. Comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hypertriglyceridemia were observed in a significant portion of patients. However, these conditions and the use of salvage therapy and adjuvant drugs did not impact hearing recovery. A longer delay from symptom onset to medical attention was associated with a lower gain in decibels (p=0.307). Diabetic patients who received steroid treatment showed a significant gain of at least 15 dB, indicating the greatest benefit in this subgroup. Conclusions Adjuvant drugs may be unnecessary and ineffective in treating SSNHL. Metabolic disorders may be linked to the development of SSNHL. Steroid treatment is the only effective therapeutic option for improving hearing recovery in diabetic patients. Early initiation of treatment after symptom onset is crucial for maximizing auditory recovery.
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PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To review the effects of endoscopic sinus surgery and endonasal approaches to the skull base on olfaction. RECENT FINDINGS: Advancements in endonasal endoscopic approaches to the sinuses and skull base allow for direct treatment of a variety of sinonasal and skull base diseases. However, these extended approaches will often require manipulation of normal anatomical structures and the olfactory neuroepithelium. Depending on the planned procedure and extent of disease, the prognosis of olfactory perception can vary significantly among patients. Endoscopic sinonasal surgical procedures may impact olfaction. Optimizing olfactory function requires proper surgical techniques, gentle handling of tissue, and perioperative care. Surgeons must discuss objectives and manage patient expectations. Routine olfactory assessment is crucial in surgical work-up and follow-up. Preserving anatomical structures while addressing the obstruction of the olfactory cleft helps to prevent decreased olfactory threshold. However, smell identification and discrimination do not always correlate with sinonasal anatomy.