RESUMO
Rabid free-ranging cats have been a public health concern in Pennsylvania since raccoon variant rabies first was recognized in the state in the early 1980s. Over the last decade, between 1.5 and 2.5% of cats submitted to Pennsylvania's state laboratories for rabies testing have been positive. In this report, we describe the extent of rabies in free-ranging cats in Pennsylvania. We also present two examples of human exposure to rabid free-ranging cats that occurred in Pennsylvania during 2010-2011 and the public health actions taken to address rabies exposure in the humans and animals. We then describe the concerns surrounding the unvaccinated and free-ranging cat population in Pennsylvania and possible options in managing this public and animal health problem.
Assuntos
Doenças do Gato/virologia , Raiva/veterinária , Animais , Doenças do Gato/epidemiologia , Gatos , Feminino , Humanos , Gado , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pennsylvania/epidemiologia , Saúde Pública , Raiva/epidemiologia , Guaxinins , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
We report a fall 2010 cluster of pandemic influenza A/H1N1 (pH1N1) infections in pet ferrets in Lehigh Valley region of Pennsylvania. The ferrets were associated with one pet shop. The influenza cluster occurred during a period when the existing human surveillance systems had identified little to no pH1N1 in humans in the Lehigh Valley, and there were no routine influenza surveillance systems for exotic pets. The index case was a 2.5-month-old neutered male ferret that was presented to a veterinary clinic with severe influenza-like illness (ILI). In response to laboratory notification of a positive influenza test result, and upon request from the Pennsylvania Department of Health (PADOH), the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture (PDA) conducted an investigation to identify other ill ferrets and to identify the source and extent of infection. PDA notified the PADOH of the pH1N1 infection in the ferrets, leading to enhanced human surveillance and the detection of pH1N1 human infections in the surrounding community. Five additional ferrets with ILI linked to the pet shop were identified. This simultaneous outbreak of ferret and human pH1N1 demonstrates the important link between animal health and public health and highlights the potential use of veterinary clinics for sentinel surveillance of diseases shared between animals and humans.
Assuntos
Influenza Humana/epidemiologia , Influenza Humana/virologia , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/veterinária , Animais , Furões , Humanos , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1 , Masculino , Pandemias , Pennsylvania/epidemiologia , Animais de EstimaçãoRESUMO
We report the earliest recognized fatality associated with laboratory-confirmed pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) influenza in a domestic cat in the United States. The 12-year old, indoor cat died on 6 November 2009 after exposure to multiple family members who had been ill with influenza-like illness during the peak period of the fall wave of pH1N1 in Pennsylvania during late October 2009. The clinical presentation, history, radiographic, laboratory and necropsy findings are presented to assist veterinary care providers in understanding the features of this disease in cats and the potential for transmission of infection to pets from infected humans.
Assuntos
Doenças do Gato/virologia , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1 , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/veterinária , Animais , Doenças do Gato/epidemiologia , Gatos , Evolução Fatal , Humanos , Influenza Humana/epidemiologia , Influenza Humana/transmissão , Masculino , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/virologia , Pandemias , Pennsylvania/epidemiologiaAssuntos
Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Hexanonas/uso terapêutico , Cetonas/uso terapêutico , Leucemia Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Retroviridae/tratamento farmacológico , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Hexanonas/administração & dosagem , Fatores Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Vírus Rauscher , Inibidores da Transcriptase Reversa , Esplenomegalia/tratamento farmacológico , Viremia/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
We have examined the mechanism by which ribavirin inhibits the multiplication of reovirus. At a concentration of 12.5 microM (3 micrograms/ml) ribavirin inhibits viral multiplication, ssRNA formation, dsRNA formation, and protein synthesis by about 90%; when much higher concentrations are used for brief periods of time, the primary target of ribavirin is seen to be viral ssRNA synthesis. When the effect of ribavirin triphosphate (RTP) was tested on the in vitro transcription by cores of the dsRNA genome segments into plus-stranded RNA, elongation, that is, the formation of intact mRNA molecules, was found to be inhibited to the greatest extent; initiation was at least 2.5 times less sensitive, and cap formation and methylation were almost unaffected. The inhibition of elongation and initiation was not competitive with respect to any of the four nucleoside triphosphates. Remarkably, the transcription of plus strands into minus strands by immature reovirus particles (the replicase reaction) was insensitive to RTP. A model is proposed that envisages RTP binding to a site close to the catalytic site of the transcriptase. This binding is postulated to inhibit the helicase function of the transcriptase and lower its affinity for template RNA so that the likelihood of premature termination is greatly increased. The helicase activity is not, of course, necessary for the transcription of plus strands into minus strands, which would account for the differential sensitivity of the transcriptase and the replicase to RTP.
Assuntos
Orthoreovirus Mamífero 3/efeitos dos fármacos , RNA Viral/biossíntese , Reoviridae/efeitos dos fármacos , Ribavirina/farmacologia , Ribonucleosídeos/farmacologia , Animais , RNA Polimerases Dirigidas por DNA/metabolismo , Cinética , Células L , Orthoreovirus Mamífero 3/genética , Orthoreovirus Mamífero 3/metabolismo , Orthoreovirus Mamífero 3/fisiologia , Camundongos , Biossíntese de Proteínas , Capuzes de RNA/biossíntese , RNA de Cadeia Dupla/biossíntese , Ribavirina/metabolismo , Transcrição Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas Virais/biossíntese , Replicação Viral/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
The management of malignant ureteral obstruction (MUO) has undergone major changes due to the availability of percutaneous drainage techniques and new ureteral stents for endoscopic insertion. These procedures are less morbid than conventional surgical techniques so that the indications for urinary diversion due to untreated or relapsing malignancy have to be reconsidered. During the period of technological change from 1978 to 1984, 135 patients with unilateral (37) or bilateral (98) MUO were managed. Open nephrostomy is now almost never necessary. Initial retrograde ureteral stenting (RS) was successful under local anaesthesia in 41% of patients. Forty-seven had percutaneous nephrostomy (PN), nine of whom underwent antegrade ureteral stenting (AS) and elimination of external appliances. Twenty-nine patients underwent miscellaneous open procedures mostly in the earlier years, with a 57% morbidity rate compared to the minimal morbidity associated with the newer techniques. The overall mean survival post diversion was 9.9 months, which is significantly longer than that reported using open procedures. MUO can now be successfully relieved with little morbidity and frequently without the use of external urine collection devices. The relative ease of diversion can complicate decision making in patients with progressive renal failure due to bilateral MUO.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Ureterais/secundário , Obstrução Ureteral/terapia , Derivação Urinária/métodos , Dilatação/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nefrostomia Percutânea , Neoplasias Ureterais/complicações , Neoplasias Ureterais/mortalidade , Obstrução Ureteral/etiologia , Obstrução Ureteral/cirurgiaRESUMO
Renal angiomyolipoma ia a rare benign lesion. It commonly presents with features suggestive of renal cell carcinoma when unilateral and solitary. It may mimic polycystic kidneys when bilateral and multiple. Angiomyolipomas with a high fat content are easily detected by computed tomography. Preoperative diagnosis of the lesion is possible and may help to obviate nephrectomy.
Assuntos
Hemangioma/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Renais/diagnóstico por imagem , Lipoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Angiografia , Feminino , Hemangioma/cirurgia , Humanos , Neoplasias Renais/cirurgia , Lipoma/cirurgia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , NefrectomiaRESUMO
Angiography of the ileopudendal vascular tree was performed for the evaluation of impotence in 73 patients. This technique proved useful in identifying those cases caused by vascular lesions in major arteries and small penile vessels. Organic diseases cause a much higher proportion of impotence than in generally suspected, with vascular occlusions causing the greatest number of cases. Nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT) studies are the best screening procedure in the author's view. In this series, NPT was followed by angiography, which provided the definitive diagnosis.
Assuntos
Disfunção Erétil/diagnóstico por imagem , Pênis/irrigação sanguínea , Adulto , Idoso , Angiografia , Arteriopatias Oclusivas/diagnóstico por imagem , Artérias , Disfunção Erétil/etiologia , Humanos , Artéria Ilíaca/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
The excretory urograms of 184 consecutive patients admitted to hospital with a diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia who subsequently underwent prostatectomy were reviewed to determine the usefulness of preoperative urography. Of 184 urograms reviewed, 10 were normal, 136 showed changes consistent with benign prostatic hyperplasia, and 38 revealed other abnormalities. Twenty-seven of 184 urograms (14.7 per cent) revealed significant pathologic conditions requiring further consideration, investigation, or treatment, of which 23 would not have been suspected without this radiologic examination.