Analysis of the reliability of KEOPS version 2 for the measurement of coronal and sagittal parameters in spinal deformity.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of the study is to evaluate the updated version of this software in patients with various spinal deformity. METHODS: Sixty patients were included in this study and were divided into three categories: 20 patients with AIS, 20 patients with ASD, and 20 patients having undergone corrective surgery for spinal deformity. The measurements were performed by two senior and two junior orthopedic surgery residents, and were done at two points in time separated by a 3-week interval with the cases being randomized every time to reduce the risk of memory bias. Measured parameters included coronal, sagittal, global alignment parameters, and pelvic parameters. RESULTS: When assessing the inter- and intra-observer reliability across all the groups of patients, none of the coefficients was smaller than 0.8 with a very high level of agreement. The standard error ranged from 0.7° to 1.5° demonstrating a high level of accuracy. Fairly similar results were seen when the groups were divided into the three categories except for the post-operative groups where a strong and not perfect level of agreement was reported. CONCLUSION: This is the first study to assess the reproducibility of the new version of KEOPS, showing a very high agreement in all measurements. In the post-operative group, although it showed a strong agreement, the lower performance can be explained by the presence of surgical material making it harder to identify the anatomical landmarks accurately. Nevertheless, we can recommend the usage of this software in a clinical setting.

The Use of Linear Formulas to Estimate Glenoid Bone Loss in the Lebanese Population: A 3-Dimensional Computed Tomography Study.

Background: Glenoid bone loss (GBL) is common in patients with shoulder instability and plays a major role in surgical decision-making. While a plethora of GBL estimation methods exist, all of which present specific challenges, recent studies have developed simple linear formulas estimating GBL based on glenoid height. Purpose: To assess the correlation between glenoid height and width, and to develop specific formulas based on age and sex to calculate the native glenoid width in the Lebanese population. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Computed tomography scans for 202 normal shoulders were extracted from our database. The glenoids were reconstructed in 3 dimensions and their width and height were measured. Glenoid width and height were compared between male and female groups. Correlation analysis was also performed on the width, height, age, and body mass index. Formulas estimating glenoid width were developed using regression analysis including all variables significantly influencing the model. Results were then compared with the values calculated using previously published formulas to determine the external validity when using linear formulas to estimate GBL. Results: Significant differences were found between men and women. Regression analysis found that glenoid height and width strongly influenced the model, and that age showed a weak but significant correlation; therefore, the following 2 sex-specific formulas were developed: width (mm) = 6.1 + 0.51 ×height+ 0.03 ×age, and width (mm) = 4.55 + 0.51 ×height+ 0.03 ×age, in men and women, respectively. The values yielded from the formulas developed in this study and the true width significantly differed from those calculated from previous reports. Conclusion: A strong correlation was found between glenoid height and width in a the Lebanese population and demonstrated that glenoid width can be accurately calculated based on the glenoid height and patient's age and sex using the following simplified formulas: width (mm) = 6 + 0.5 ×height+ 0.03 ×age, and width (mm) = 4.5 + 0.5 ×height+ 0.03 ×age, in men and women, respectively.

Gabapentinoid prescriptions for neuropathic and musculoskeletal pain in Lebanon.

Aim: The purpose of this study is to analyze the different characteristics of gabapentinoids prescription by Lebanese orthopedics surgeons. Methods: This is an observational, cross-sectional study using a survey which was carried out in collaboration with the Lebanese Orthopedic Society over a 3-month period. Results: Forty-two orthopedic surgeons responded, most of them prescribing gabapentinoids in their daily practice with only half of the patients feeling relief after taking them. Furthermore, most of the surgeons prescribed these drugs for patients above 18 years old and for both acute and chronic pain. Conclusion: Even though almost half of the patients do not experience relief after taking gabapentinoids, these drugs are becoming more and more prescribed.

With pain being a major concern in orthopedic surgery, a lot of surgeons prescribe drugs before surgical procedures for their patients. One of these drugs categories include Gabapentinoids. This class of medications was shown to be prescribed more and more by orthopedic surgeons despite it not granting successful pain relief for half of the patients and not being US FDA approved.

Acute unexplained T1-T2 fracture-dislocation following posterior instrumentation and fusion for paralytic scoliosis.

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Upper thoracic fracture-dislocation following posterior instrumentation and fusion is rare, with potentially devastating neurologic consequences. The recommended treatment is an open reduction, spinal cord decompression, and a proximal extension of spinal instrumentation. To report the diagnosis and management of an acute non-traumatic T1-T2 fracture-dislocation, occurring in the early postoperative course of a posterior instrumentation and fusion for neurogenic scoliosis. CASE REPORT: A 12-year-old spastic quadriplegic cerebral palsy (CP) male patient, who underwent an uneventful T2-S1 instrumentation for scoliosis, presented to the emergency department (ED) 2 weeks later, with mild fever, urinary retention, fecaloma and hypotonia of the 4 limbs, of few days duration. His parents reported no history of trauma and denied epileptic seizures. Atypical cervicothoracic spastic movements the night preceding his symptoms were the only relevant events of the patient's history. CT and MRI were both suggestive of a complete T1-T2 fracture-dislocation and spinal cord compromise. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: The patient underwent immediate posterior decompression with wide lamino-arthrectomy, open reduction and proximal extension of his posterior instrumentation to C5. One year following surgery, there was only mild sensorimotor and bladder and bowel function recovery. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first report of an acute non-traumatic unexplained T1-T2 fracture-dislocation following posterior instrumentation and fusion. Despite a proper management, only very mild recovery was observed one year following surgery.

Risk Factors for Failure of Calcaneal Lengthening Osteotomy in Children and Adolescents With Planovalgus Foot Deformity: A Retrospective Study.

INTRODUCTION: The calcaneal lengthening procedure (CLP) is a well-known surgical technique used for the correction of symptomatic planovalgus foot deformities. Literature shows a significant rate of relapse and undercorrection of the foot post-operatively. Factors determining the failure or success of CLP are still not well understood. The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess the most significant factors related to the failure of this procedure. METHODS: A case-control retrospective study was conducted on 50 patients (80 feet) aged 12.4±2.5 years who underwent CLP. A clinical (demographic parameters, etiology, Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level) and radiological evaluation were assessed preoperatively and repeated postoperatively at 56.5±32.5 months. Two methods of osteotomy bone fixation were studied: K-wires vs. eight-plate. Standing anteroposterior (AP) and lateral (L) radiographs were done, and the following radiographic parameters were measured: calcaneocuboid (CC) joint subluxation classified into normal, moderate, and severe (L); AP and L talo-first metatarsal (T1MT) angle; AP talonavicular (TN) coverage angle; AP and L talocalcaneal (TC) angle; calcaneal pitch (CP) angle; and L talo-horizontal (TH) angle. Mosca's criteria were used for clinical and radiological assessments. The association between demographic data, clinical and radiological results, and the variation between preoperative and postoperative angles were studied. The main risk factors affecting clinical results and CC joint subluxation were investigated (logistic regression and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)). RESULTS: Satisfactory clinical results were associated with satisfactory radiological ones on Mosca's criteria (p<0.001). The use of an eight-plate for osteotomy fixation gave better results than K-wires (79% vs. 59%). Radiological angles were improved in both techniques postoperatively (increase of CP and L-TC and decrease of AP-T1MT, AP-TC, AP-TN, and L-T1MT, all p<0.05). Non-satisfactory clinical results were associated with a high GMFCS level, a low preoperative AP-TN coverage angle, and a low preoperative CP angle (R2=0.45). Both a young age and a low CP angle preoperatively were associated with CC subluxation (R2=0.31). CONCLUSION: The neurological status and the severity of the planovalgus foot deformity preoperatively were the main risk factors affecting clinical outcomes after CLP. However, young age and the severity of the deformity preoperatively were the main risk factors behind CC joint subluxation affecting CLP outcomes.

Epidemiology of bone tumors in Lebanon: a retrospective study from 2000 to 2022 at a tertiary center.

Aim: Bone tumors are rare and have an uneven geographic distribution. Methods: 730 patients diagnosed with bone tumors were included in this retrospective analysis. Results: With a 64% rate of malignancy, the most common tumors were metastasis (40%) mostly in the axial skeleton, Osteosarcoma (9%) mostly in the femur, Osteochondroma (8%) mostly in the femur, giant cell tumors (7%) mostly in the knee, and Ewing's sarcoma (6%) mostly in the axial skeleton. Conclusion: Even though a some of the tumors have a predilection for certain localizations in the human body, they may differ in the middle-eastern population. One must also pay attention to the higher rates of malignancies as compared with other cohorts.

With significant morbidity and mortality, bone tumors incidence is low and varies geographically. In our Lebanese population, Seven-hundred-thirty patients with bone tumors were identified with a 64% rate of malignancy with osteosarcoma being the most common primary bone cancer and metastasis being the overall most prevalent bone malignancy. This higher rate of malignancy compared with other populations should be taken into consideration when evaluating Lebanese or Middle eastern patients.

Achilles tenotomy during Ponseti's clubfoot treatment: better early than late.

To evaluate the outcome of Achilles tenotomy at first cast in neonates with stiff clubfoot undergoing Ponseti's method of treatment. One hundred forty stiff clubfeet (Dimeglio grades III and IV) scheduled for Ponseti's method were prospectively randomized into two groups of 70 each: (1) early, tenotomy at first cast; (2) late, tenotomy at fourth to sixth casts (conventional). The procedure was performed under local lidocaine spray in an office setting using a needle. The results were assessed at an average follow-up of 12.4 years. Technical difficulties and short and long-term complications were recorded. At last follow-up, the results were rated excellent, good, fair, and poor in 70, 18, 9, and 3% of patients in the late group, respectively, and 82, 13, 4, and 1% in the early group (P = 0.048). Technical difficulties were encountered in 38% of the late group and 3% in the early group (P < 0.0001). Flattening of the talar dome of mild to moderate severity was found in 16% of the late group and 4% in the early group (P < 0.001). Early Achilles tenotomy seems to give better results than the conventional late tenotomy, with less short and long-term complications. This may be explained by the greater ease to palpate the Achilles tendon on a previously untreated foot, and the less amount of compressive forces across the tibiotalar and subtalar joints produced by early release of the posterior tether.

What is peripheral spondyloarthritis? Identifying proportion, phenotype and burden in post hoc analysis of the ASAS-PerSpA study.

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the prevalence, phenotype, and burden of peripheral spondyloarthritis (pSpA). The objective of the study is to compare the phenotype and burden of disease of pure pSpA to that of pure psoriatic arthritis (PsA), pure axial SpA (axSpA), and combined forms of SpA. METHODS: This is a post hoc analysis of 4,185 patients from the cross-sectional ASAS-Peripheral involvement in SpA (PerSpA) study. Patients were approached in 2 ways: the first approach was based on the rheumatologist's diagnosis (diagnostic approach) and the second one was based on the fulfillment of ASAS or CASPAR classification criteria (classification criteria approach). Demographics, disease phenotype, and burden were compared among pure pSpA, PsA, axSpA, and the combined forms. FINDINGS: The proportion of pSpA was 31.5% of SpA using the classification criteria approach and 10.3% using the diagnostic approach. pSpA was pure (i.e. without axSpA or PsA) in 16.8% of pSpA using the criteria, and in 62.3% using the diagnostic approach. Using classification criteria and diagnostic approach, respectively, pure pSpA patients had a high prevalence of peripheral joint disease (86 and 96%), synovitis (76 and 91%), and enthesitis (57 and 55%), a positive HLA-B27 in 65 and 59%, a high C-Reactive Protein level in 51% and inflammatory back pain in 52 and 42%. However, compared to pure PsA and pure axSpA, they had a significantly higher disease burden, but lower use of biologics using both approaches. INTERPRETATION: The proportion of pSpA varies when using the classification criteria or the diagnostic approach. pSpA occurred in a pure form less frequently than PsA and axSpA and had intermediate features but a higher disease burden. FUNDING: The PerSpA main study has been conducted under the umbrella of ASAS thanks to unrestricted grants from PFIZER, LILLY, ABBVIE, NOVARTIS, UCB, JANSSEN, MERCK.

Root joint involvement in spondyloarthritis: a post hoc analysis from the international ASAS-PerSpA study.

OBJECTIVES: The primary objective was to compare the clinical characteristics of SpA patients with and without root joint disease (RJD+ and RJD-). The secondary objectives were to compare the prevalence of RJD across various SpA subtypes and in different world regions, and to compare the SpA axial severity and SpA burden between RJD+ and RJD-. METHODS: This is a post hoc analysis of the Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society PerSpA study (PERipheral involvement in SpondyloArthritis), which included 4465 patients with SpA [axial (axSpA), peripheral (pSpA), PsA, IBD, reactive and juvenile] according to the rheumatologist's diagnosis. RJD was defined as the 'ever' presence of hip or shoulder involvement related to SpA, according to the rheumatologist. Patient characteristics were compared between RJD+ and RJD-. Multivariable stepwise binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with 'RJD', 'hip' and 'shoulder' involvement. RESULTS: RJD was significantly associated with the SpA main diagnosis (highest in pSpA), a higher prevalence of HLA-B27 positivity, enthesitis, tender and swollen joints, CRP, conventional synthetic DMARDs, loss of lumbar lordosis and occiput-wall distance >0. RJD was more prevalent in Asia, and occurred in 1503 patients (33.7%), with more hip (24.2%) than shoulder (13.2%) involvement. Hip involvement had a distinct phenotype, similar to axSpA (including younger age at onset, HLA-B27 positivity), whereas shoulder involvement was associated with features of pSpA (including older age at onset). CONCLUSION: RJD+ SpA patients had a distinctive clinical phenotype compared with RJD-. Hip involvement, based on the rheumatologist's diagnosis, was more prevalent than shoulder involvement and was clinically distinct.

Coblation intra-capsular tonsillectomy: A prospective tertiary center trial.

INTRODUCTION: There is a growing interest in intra-capsular coblation tonsillectomy (ICT) for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children. Literature remains controversial regarding which intra-capsular tonsillectomy (IT) technique is most effective and with least morbidity. Therefore, the aims of this study are to objectively measure the post-operative morbidity and the effectiveness of the ICT technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 107 children undergoing ICT (with or without adenoidectomy) for upper airway obstruction due to tonsillar hypertrophy at a tertiary center university hospital were prospectively enrolled from March 2016 to March 2018. Efficacy of the surgery was assessed by a pre-and post-operative Obstructive Sleep Apnea score (OSA-18). Post-operative morbidity was measured based on the Parent's Post-operative Pain Measure questionnaire (PPPM), type and duration of administered pain medication, time before resuming a full diet and a normal activity, readmission for dehydration and post-operative bleeding incidence. RESULTS: After a mean follow-up of 21.6 months, OSA-18 mean total score was 78.77 (SD = 15.74) before ICT and 23.7 (SD = 9.25) after surgery, with a significant difference between pre-operative and post-operative scores (p < 0.001). Mean PPPM scores were low at all evaluation points (5.89, 2.42 and 0.83 at days 2, 5 and 10 respectively). Analgesic use was restricted to acetaminophen in nearly all children for a mean duration of 1.93 days. They resumed a normal diet after 2.42 days and a normal activity (including return to school) after 2.7 days. No hospital readmission nor post-operative hemorrhage were reported. CONCLUSION: Intra-capsular tonsillectomy by coblation is an effective and safe procedure that provides rapid post-operative recovery with minimal analgesic requirements, thus deserving a wider application in treating upper airway obstruction due to tonsillar hypertrophy in children.

Measurement of biceps tendon retraction after arthroscopic tenotomy.

BACKGROUND: One of the treatment options for long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT) pathology is tenotomy. To our knowledge, no study in the literature has evaluated the degree of retraction after tenotomy. The goals of this study were to determine the distance of this retraction and to identify its relationship with patient characteristics. METHODS: We conducted an observational prospective survey over a 3-month period among 30 patients operated on arthroscopically by the same surgeon between August 2018 and April 2019. A radiopaque device was introduced inside the LHBT before tenotomy. Radiographs were obtained to evaluate the distance of retraction on day 1, day 30, and day 90. RESULTS: Thirty patients were included, of whom 63.3% (19) were women. Surgery was performed for a rotator cuff tear in 10 patients (33.3%) and for subacromial impingement in the remainder of patients (66.7%) after failure of conservative management. The mean retraction of the LHBT (distance between the glenoid and clip) increased from 1.9 cm (day 1) to 3.5 cm (day 90). Three radiographic measurements were performed, and all 3 showed significant increases from day 1 to day 90. According to the Student t test, the mean retraction in the subacromial impingement group was significantly higher than that in the rotator cuff tear group on day 1, day 30, and day 90. Body mass index, younger age, sex, and dominant hand did not show any relation with LHBT retraction (P > .05). The mean LHBT retraction was significantly higher on day 90 in patients presenting with a positive Popeye sign (P < .05). CONCLUSION: At 3 months of follow-up, the mean LHBT retraction was 3.5 cm from the glenoid and 2.5 cm from the greater tuberosity. It dynamically increased from day 1 to day 90. The LHBT will retract and sit beyond the transverse humeral ligament in the bicipital groove. The LHBT retracts significantly more when early mobilization of the shoulder is allowed.