RESUMO
Ranunculus muricatus L., an important member of family Ranunculaceae upon submission to phytochemical studies, led to the isolation of a novel natural hydrazine derivative, muricazine (1). Chemical structure of the compound was established with the aid of advanced spectroscopic techniques. It was evaluated for in vitro antioxidant, lipoxygenase, and urease (jack-bean) inhibitory activities. Results suggested that compound 1 could scavenge the DPPH free radical (42.1 ± 0.12 µM) to a great extent as compared to the standard (40.6 ± 0.91 µM). However, it showed moderate inhibitory potential against lipoxygenase (65.2 ± 0.45 µM) and urease (54.8 ± 0.23 µM) enzymes.
Assuntos
Inibidores Enzimáticos , Hidrazinas , Ranunculus , Antioxidantes , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Hidrazinas/química , Hidrazinas/farmacologia , Lipoxigenase , Inibidores de Lipoxigenase , Ranunculus/química , Urease/antagonistas & inibidoresRESUMO
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) extend the global health burden. Consumption of alcohol as well as maternal exposure to ethanol can damage several neuronal functions and cause cognition and behavioral abnormalities. Ethanol induces oxidative stress that is linked to the development of NDs. Treatment options for NDs are yet scarce, and natural product-based treatments could facilitate ND management since plants possess plenty of bioactive metabolites, including flavonoids, which typically demonstrate antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Hypericum oblongifolium is an important traditional medicinal plant used for hepatitis, gastric ulcer, external wounds, and other gastrointestinal disorders. However, it also possesses multiple bioactive compounds and antioxidant properties, but the evaluation of isolated pure compounds for neuroprotective efficacy has not been done yet. Therefore, in the current study, we aim to isolate and characterize the bioactive flavonoid folecitin and evaluate its neuroprotective activity against ethanol-induced oxidative-stress-mediated neurodegeneration in the hippocampus of postnatal day 7 (PND-7) rat pups. A single dose of ethanol (5 g/kg body weight) was intraperitoneally administered after the birth of rat pups on PND-7. This caused oxidative stress accompanied by the activation of phosphorylated-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK), nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC), and cysteine-aspartic acid protease-1 (caspase-1) proteins to form a complex called the NLRP3-inflammasome, which converts pro-interleukin 1 beta (IL-1B) to activate IL-1B and induce widespread neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. In contrast, co-administration of folecitin (30 mg/kg body weight) reduced ethanol-induced oxidative stress, inhibited p-JNK, and deactivated the NLRP3-inflammasome complex. Furthermore, folecitin administration reduced neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative protein markers, including decreased caspase-3, BCL-2-associated X protein (BAX), B cell CLL/lymphoma 2 (BCL-2), and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) expression in the immature rat brain. These findings conclude that folecitin is a flavone compound, and it might be a novel, natural and safe agent to curb oxidative stress and its downstream harmful effects, including inflammasome activation, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. Further evaluation in a dose-dependent manner would be worth it in order to find a suitable dose regimen for NDs.
RESUMO
The current pharmacotherapy of neuropathic pain is inadequate as neuropathic pain involves varied clinical manifestations with multifactorial etiology, modulated by a cascade of physical and molecular events leading to different clinical presentations of pain. There is an accumulating evidence of the involvement of oxidative stress in neuropathy, and antioxidants have shown promise in mitigating neuropathic pain syndromes. To explore the evidence supporting this beneficial proclivity of antioxidants, this study investigated the antinociceptive effectiveness of N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)glycine or tiopronin, a well-recognized aminothiol antioxidant, in a refined chronic constriction injury (CCI) rat model of neuropathic pain. Tiopronin (10, 30, and 90 mg/kg, i.p.) and pregabalin (30 mg/kg, i.p.) were administered daily after CCI surgery. The neuropathic paradigms of mechanical/cold allodynia and mechanical/heat hyperalgesia were assessed on days 3, 7, 14, and 21 post-nerve ligation. At the end of study, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) levels were estimated in the sciatic nerve, dorsal root ganglion, and spinal cord for assessing the extent of oxidative stress. The expression of neuropathic nociception was attenuated by tiopronin which was observed as a significant attenuation of CCI-induced allodynia and hyperalgesia. Tiopronin reversed the neuronal oxidative stress by significantly reducing MDA, and increasing SOD, CAT, and GSH levels. Pregabalin also showed similar beneficial propensity on CCI-induced neuropathic aberrations. These findings suggest prospective neuropathic pain attenuating efficacy of tiopronin and further corroborated the notion that antioxidants are effective in mitigating the development and expression of neuropathic pain and underlying neuronal oxidative stress.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Hiperalgesia/tratamento farmacológico , Neuralgia/tratamento farmacológico , Tiopronina/uso terapêutico , Animais , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Catalase/metabolismo , Temperatura Baixa , Gânglios Espinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Gânglios Espinais/metabolismo , Glutationa/metabolismo , Temperatura Alta , Hiperalgesia/metabolismo , Masculino , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Neuralgia/metabolismo , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Nervo Isquiático/efeitos dos fármacos , Nervo Isquiático/lesões , Nervo Isquiático/metabolismo , Medula Espinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Medula Espinal/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Tiopronina/farmacologia , TatoRESUMO
Muriolide (1), a new aromatic lactone, has been isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of Ranunculus muricatus. The compound was structurally characterized with the help of UV, IR, mass, 1D- and 2D-NMR data. It was tested in vitro for antioxidant and lipoxygenase inhibitory potential. Compound 1 showed good DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50=56.9 µM), however it was moderately active against lipoxygenase enzyme (IC50=68.3 µM).
Assuntos
Ranunculus , Antioxidantes , Lactonas , Lipoxigenase , Extratos VegetaisRESUMO
Cisplatin is used as a first line therapy in treating cancers. However, its use is often accompanied with the development of peripheral neuropathy. 6-Methoxyflavanone (6-MeOF) is a positive allosteric modulator at GABAA receptors and is known for attenuating diabetes-induced neuropathic pain. Neuropathy was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats (150-250 g), via intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin (3 mg/kg) once a week for four consecutive weeks. 6-MeOF (25, 50 and 75 mg/kg, i.p) and gabapentin (75 mg/kg, i.p) were administered 30 min before each cisplatin injection. Static and dynamic allodynia were assessed using von Frey filaments and cotton buds. The anti-inflammatory activity was analyzed with plethysmometer. Body weights were also measured each week. The binding affinity of 6-MeOF with chloride channel, Cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was studied using docking approach. The in vitro COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitory effect of 6-MeOF was conducted with COX colorimetric assay. Administration of cisplatin for four consecutive weeks induced static (decreased paw withdrawal threshold; PWT) and dynamic allodynia (decreased paw withdrawal latency; PWL). Co-administration of 6-MeOF for four weeks significantly attenuated the cisplatin-induced expression of nocifensive behaviors observed as significant increase in PWT and PWL. Moreover, it also prevented the body weight loss induced by cisplatin administration. In silico studies depicted a good interaction of 6-MeOF with chloride ion channels and COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes. The in vitro study confirmed the inhibitory activity of 6-MeOF for COX-1 and COX-2. 6-MeOF may be effective in attenuating cisplatin-induced allodynia, probably through interaction with GABAergic receptors and reducing inflammation.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Cisplatino/efeitos adversos , Flavanonas/farmacologia , Hiperalgesia/tratamento farmacológico , Neuralgia/tratamento farmacológico , Receptores de GABA-A/metabolismo , Regulação Alostérica/efeitos dos fármacos , Regulação Alostérica/imunologia , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/química , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Ciclo-Oxigenase 1/química , Ciclo-Oxigenase 1/metabolismo , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/química , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Flavanonas/química , Flavanonas/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Hiperalgesia/induzido quimicamente , Hiperalgesia/diagnóstico , Hiperalgesia/imunologia , Ativação do Canal Iônico/efeitos dos fármacos , Ativação do Canal Iônico/imunologia , Masculino , Proteínas de Membrana/química , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Estrutura Molecular , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Neuralgia/induzido quimicamente , Neuralgia/diagnóstico , Neuralgia/imunologia , Ratos , Receptores de GABA-A/química , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Transdução de Sinais/imunologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a painful side-effect of commonly used chemotherapeutic agents that profoundly impair the quality of life of patients as the current pharmacotherapeutic strategies are inefficient in providing adequate pain relief. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies are preferred by patients with neuropathic pain as they experience insufficient control of pain with conventional medications. This study describes the antinociceptive effect of Tithonia tubaeformis (Jacq.) Cass. in a vincristine mouse model of established CIPN. METHODS: Tithonia tubaeformis hydromethanolic extract was tested for preliminary qualitative phytochemical analysis and acute oral toxicity test in mice. The antinociceptive effect was investigated using the abdominal constriction (writhing) and tail immersion tests (25-200â¯mg/kg). The anti-neuropathic effect was determined in the vincristine mouse model, established by daily administration of vincristine (0.1â¯mg/kg/day, i.p) for consecutive 14 days. Acute treatment with Tithonia tubaeformis (100 and 200â¯mg/kg) and the positive control, gabapentin (75â¯mg/kg) was carried out on the 15th day of the last vincrsitine dose and the animals were tested for allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia at 30-120â¯min post extract/drug administration. RESULTS: Vincristine produced significant temporal tactile allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia (Pâ¯<â¯0.01 and Pâ¯<â¯0.001 on day 7 and 14) and was maintained for the subsequent day (Pâ¯<â¯0.001 during 30-120â¯min). Tithonia tubaeformis was effective in attenuating the vincristine-induced allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia at 100â¯mg/kg (Pâ¯<â¯0.05, Pâ¯<â¯0.01) and 200â¯mg/kg (Pâ¯<â¯0.01, Pâ¯<â¯0.001). Similarly, gabapentin also showed a robust antinociceptive effect in counteracting the vincristine associated behavioral alterations. CONCLUSIONS: Tithonia tubaeformis can be an effective CAM therapeutic remedy for established CIPN due to its potential antinociceptive effect in attenuating vincristine-induced neuropathy.
Assuntos
Analgésicos/uso terapêutico , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/toxicidade , Asteraceae/química , Dor/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Periférico/tratamento farmacológico , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Vincristina/toxicidade , Analgésicos/isolamento & purificação , Analgésicos/toxicidade , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Masculino , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Dor/induzido quimicamente , Limiar da Dor/efeitos dos fármacos , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Periférico/induzido quimicamente , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Extratos Vegetais/toxicidade , Testes de Toxicidade AgudaRESUMO
Phytochemical investigation of Ranunculus muricatus L. (Ranunculaceae) led to the isolation of a new metabolite named as ranuncoside from the ethyl acetate fraction of the plant. Structure of the novel compound was elucidated through detailed spectroscopic analyses, using UV, IR, 1H, 13C NMR and 2D NMR in combination with EIMS and HR EI-MS techniques. The compound was evaluated for antioxidant activity using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. Its inhibitory potential was tested against lipoxygenase and xanthine oxidase enzymes. Ranuncoside potently scavenged the DPPH free radicals (IC50 = 56.7 ± 0.43 µM) and strongly inhibited the activities of lipoxygenase (IC50 = 63.9 ± 0.17 µM) and xanthine oxidase (IC50 = 43.3 ± 0.22 µM).
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Inibidores Enzimáticos/isolamento & purificação , Glicosídeos/isolamento & purificação , Ranunculus/química , Animais , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Inibidores Enzimáticos/análise , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/isolamento & purificação , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/farmacologia , Glicosídeos/análise , Glicosídeos/farmacologia , Humanos , Inibidores de Lipoxigenase/isolamento & purificação , Extratos Vegetais/química , Xantina Oxidase/antagonistas & inibidoresRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The present therapeutic agents for the treatment of pain, inflammation and pyrexia are not very effective and accompanied by various side effects. Therefore, new effective agents are the most wanted. The present study investigates the anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities of crude methanol extract of Hypericum oblongifolium. METHODS: In vivo acetic acid induced writhing and hot plate tests were used for antinociceptive effects at 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg i.p. The anti-inflammatory and antipyretic potential of methanol extract were tested in carrageenan induced paw edema in mice and yeast induced hyperthermia respectively. RESULTS: The extract doses of 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg i.p. revealed significant inhibitory effect (P < 0.001) in acetic acid induced writhing test. Pretreatment of extract at doses of 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg i.p. produced significant anti-inflammatory effect (P < 0.001) in the carrageenan induced paw edema. The methanol extract also showed significant antipyretic effect in yeast induced hyperthermia in mice during various assessment times. CONCLUSIONS: The methanol extract of H. oblongifolium showed significant anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects in various animal models and thus validates the traditional uses of the plant in said conditions.
Assuntos
Analgésicos/uso terapêutico , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Febre/tratamento farmacológico , Hypericum/química , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Dor/tratamento farmacológico , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Animais , Feminino , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Fitoterapia , Plantas MedicinaisRESUMO
Phytochemical investigations on Hypericum oblongifolium led to the isolation of a flavone named folicitin (1) and a bicyclic conjugated lactone, folenolide (2) from the ethyl acetate fraction of methanolic extract. Both metabolites were characterised as new compounds based on detailed spectroscopic analyses. In vitro anti-oxidant potential of both the compounds was evaluated by the DPPH radical scavenging assay. Compound 1 exhibited significant antioxidant activity while compound 2 was found inactive.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/química , Flavonas/química , Hypericum/química , Lactonas/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Flavonas/isolamento & purificação , Lactonas/isolamento & purificação , Estrutura MolecularRESUMO
Over expression of lipoxygenase (LOX) and urease has already contributed to the pathology of different human disease. Targeting the inhibition of these enzymes has proved great clinical utility. The aim of the present study was to scrutinised the inhibitory profile of the aerial parts of the Polygonatum verticillatum enzyme against LOX, urease, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) using standard experimental protocols. When checked against lipoxygenase, the extracts revealed significant attenuation. Of the tested extracts, the ethyl acetate fraction was the most potent (half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC(50)): 97 µg/mL) followed by aqueous fraction IC(50): 109 µg/mL). Regarding urease inhibition, n-butanol was the most potent fraction (IC(50): 97 µg/mL). However, the extracts did not show significant inhibition on AChE and BChE. In the preliminary phytochemical tests, the aerial parts of the plant showed the presence of saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins and terpenoids. The current findings could be attributed to these groups of compounds.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Lipoxigenase/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Polygonatum , Urease/antagonistas & inibidores , Acetilcolinesterase/efeitos dos fármacos , Butirilcolinesterase/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Humanos , Componentes Aéreos da Planta , Extratos Vegetais/químicaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the antipyretic and anticonvulsant activities of n-hexane fraction of Viola betonicifolia (V. betonicifolia). METHODS: The antipyretic effect was scrutinized using brewer's yeast induced pyrexia and anticonvlsion effect was tested using pentylenetetrazol and strychnine induced convulsion in mice. RESULTS: N-hexane fraction of V. betonicifolia demonstrated highly significant antipyretic activity during various assessment times (1-5 h) when challenged in yeast induced pyrexia test. The effect was in a dose dependent manner with maximum attenuation (82.50%) observed at 300 mg/kg i.p. When tested in pentylenetetrazol induced convulsion test, the 1st stage (Ear and facial twitching) and 2nd stage (Convulsive wave through the body) was 100% protected during 24 h at all the test doses (300, 400 and 500 mg/kg i.p.), while the latency time of remaining stages was significantly increased. The maximum effect was observed by n-hexane fraction of V. betonicifolia at 400 and 500 mg/kg i.p., as the latency time for generalized clonic-tonic seizure (5th stage) was increased up to 25.34 min. However, n-hexane fraction of V. betonicifolia had no protection in strychnine induced convulsion test. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, phytopharmacological studies provide scientific foundation to the folk uses of the plant in the treatment of pyrexia and neurological disorders.