[Event-related synchronization/desynhronization during processing of target, no target and unknown visually presented words].

The aim of this investigation is to study neurophysiologic mechanisms of processing of relevant words and unknown words. Event-related synchronization/desynchronization during categorization of three types of stimuli (known targets, known no targets and unknown words) was examined. The main difference between known targets and unknown stimuli was revealed in the thetal and theta2 bands at the early stage after stimuli onset (150-300 ms) and in the delta band (400-700 ms). In the late time window at about 800-1500 ms thetal ERS in response to the target stimuli was smaller than to other stimuli, but theta2 and alpha ERD in response to the target stimuli was larger than to known nontarget words.

[Early stage of processing of target, non-target known and unknown verbal stimuli].

Characteristics of P100/N100 and N170 components of ERPs in response to target and non-target known words and unknown words were studied. EEG was recorded while participants made a decision whether or not visually presented words were related to a given category. Intra- and interhemispheric features of P100/N100 and N170 components evoked by different types of verbal stimuli were revealed. It was found that N170 amplitude evoked by target known words was higher than that evoked by nontarget known words and unknown words. The results suggest that motivation can affect the early word processing.

[Peak alpha frequency and psychopathological symptoms in schizophrenia].

Spectral characteristic of the alpha activity (frequency of the maximum spectral peak) were comparatively studied in schizophrenic patients with predominance of positive or negative symptoms and healthy subjects in the resting state and during cognitive task performance. In patients with negative symptoms, the spectral peak frequency of the alpha activity (8-13 Hz) was decreased at rest as compared to healthy subjects in all cortical areas. In patients with positive symptoms, the peak frequency of the alpha rhythm in the occipital cortical areas was higher than in healthy subjects. The performance-induced increase in the alpha-rhythm peak frequency during cognitive tasks was less expressed in schizophrenics than in healthy subjects. A correlation of these characteristics with psychopathological symptoms was revealed. The results suggest a difference in neurophysiological mechanisms underlying positive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia.

[Event-related potentials to visually presented verbal stimuli in the examination stress condition].

The work is aimed at the study of ERPs to visually presented verbal stimuli in the examination stress condition. EEG was recorded while participants made a decision whether or not visually presented words were related to a given category. Three types of stimuli were presented: familiar words related and unrelated to the given category, and unfamiliar words. Components N170, P170 and N400 of the ERP to familiar words unrelated to the given category and unfamiliar words were higher in the stress condition than in a usual experimental situation. Component P600 was higher in the stress condition for all types of stimuli. It was suggested that enhanced N170/P170 and N400 components reflect changes in the cognitive functions ofword processing, whereas the increase in P600 is related to nonspecific arousal in the stress condition.

[Processing of visually presented verbal stimuli in evoked potentials].

The ERPs to familiar, unfamiliar, and recently learned words were recorded in 20 right-handed students who have recently studied a course in sensory physiology during performance of two tasks. The first task consisted in processing of different types of words, the second task required recognition of terms from sensory physiology. In the first task, three types of words were presented to a subject: familiar words related and unrelated to a given category and unfamiliar words. Subjects had to press the appropriate button responding to the questions whether they considered the presented word be related to the given category and whether they were sure in their answer. In the second task, terms from recently studied physiological material were presented to the students who had to detect whether those terms were related or unrelated to the given sensory system. Significant differences between late ERP components were revealed by Student test for matched samples. In the first task, component N400 of the ERP to unfamiliar words was higher than that of the ERP to familiar words. It was also higher in ERPs to words unrelated to the given category than in ERPs to related words. However, this component did not differ between ERPs to well and poorly acquired words in the test on sensory physiology. On the contrary, the late positive component was more expressed in ERPs to familiar and better acquired words in both tasks. Brain mechanisms of processing of different types of words are discussed.