Effects of Bleaching Agents Combined with Regular and Whitening Toothpastes on Surface Roughness and Mineral Content of Enamel.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate surface roughness and changes in the composition of enamel submitted to different bleaching protocols and toothbrushing with regular and whitening toothpastes. BACKGROUND DATA: Bleaching treatment could promote morphological and chemical changes in enamel surface. METHODS: Enamel blocks were randomized into nine groups (n=10) according to the bleaching treatment (no bleaching, control group; 6% hydrogen peroxide, HP; or 10% carbamide peroxide, CP) and toothpaste used (placebo, PL; regular, R; or whitening dentifrice, W). Bleaching was performed according to manufacturers' instructions and all groups were submitted to 30,000 cycles of simulated toothbrushing with toothpaste (PL, R, or W). Mineral content evaluation and enamel roughness were evaluated initially (T1), after bleaching (T2), and after toothbrushing (T3), using an energy-dispersive micro X-ray fluorescence spectrometer and profilometry, respectively. Data were statistically analyzed with two way ANOVA, Tukey, and Dunnett tests (5%). RESULTS: Enamel surface roughness was influenced by bleaching and toothbrushing. Surface roughness increased for the groups that brushed with the placebo dentifrice (CP+PL, HP+PL, C+PL) and for the control group that brushed with whitening dentifrice (C+W). Enamel Ca/P ratio decreased after bleaching, but toothbrushing, regardless of the dentifrice used, did not reduce the enamel mineral content. CONCLUSIONS: The bleaching treatment resulted in a decrease of enamel mineral content, but the studied dentifrices did not contribute to surface mineral loss.

Microhardness evaluation of silorane and methacrylate composites submitted to erosion and abrasion processes.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the Knoop hardness number (KHN) of methacrylate (MC) and silorane (SC) composites after being submitted to erosion and abrasion processes. Material and methods: Forty samples were made with each composite: MC and SC. The samples were divided into eight groups (n = 10) according to the type of composite (G1-G4, MC; G5-G8, SC) and the beverages involved in the erosion process (G1 and G5 - Control (C), without erosion, with abrasion; G2 and G6 - Orange Juice (OJ), abrasion; G3 and G7 - Smirnoff Ice® (SI), abrasion; G4 and G8 - Gatorade® (GA), abrasion). The KHN test was performed 24 h after the last cycle of erosion/abrasion. Results: The MC groups showed smaller KHN values for the SI group (p < 0.05) when compared to the Control and OJ groups; however, for the SC groups, no differences were found (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Methacrylate composite when submitted to acidic beverages erosive challenge combined with abrasive process might alter its surface microhardness. However, the beverages used in the present study were not able to interfere in silorane composite surface microhardness.

Influence of fluoride-containing adhesives and bleaching agents on enamel bond strength

This study evaluated the influence of fluoride-containing carbamide peroxide (CP) bleaching agents and adhesive systems on bonded enamel interfaces that are part of the dynamic pH cycling and thermal cycling models. The buccal surfaces of 60 bovine incisors were restored with a composite resin and bonded with three- and two-step, etch-and-rinse, fluoride-containing adhesives, Optibond FL (FL) and Optibond Solo Plus (SP), respectively. Restored teeth were subjected to thermal cycling to age the interface. Both SP and FL adhesive-restored teeth were bleached (n = 10) with 10% CP (CP) and 10% CP + fluoride (CPF) or were left unbleached (control). Bleaching was performed for 14 days simultaneously with pH cycling, which comprised of 14 h of remineralization, 2 h of demineralization and 8 h of bleaching. The control groups (FL and SP) were stored in remineralizing solution during their bleaching periods and were also subjected to carious lesion formation. Parallelepiped-shaped samples were obtained from the bonded interface for microtensile bond strength (∝TBS) testing. The enamel ∝TBS of the FL and SP groups (control, not bleached) were higher (p < 0.05) than those of the bleached interfaces (FL > FL + CPF = FL + CP and SP > SP + CPF = SP + CP). The groups subjected to treatment with the fluoride-containing bleaching agents exhibited similar ∝TBS compared to regular bleaching agents. Bleaching agents, regardless of whether they contained fluoride, decreased enamel bond strength.

Influence of fluoride-containing adhesives and bleaching agents on enamel bond strength.

This study evaluated the influence of fluoride-containing carbamide peroxide (CP) bleaching agents and adhesive systems on bonded enamel interfaces that are part of the dynamic pH cycling and thermal cycling models. The buccal surfaces of 60 bovine incisors were restored with a composite resin and bonded with three- and two-step, etch-and-rinse, fluoride-containing adhesives, Optibond FL (FL) and Optibond Solo Plus (SP), respectively. Restored teeth were subjected to thermal cycling to age the interface. Both SP and FL adhesive-restored teeth were bleached (n = 10) with 10% CP (CP) and 10% CP + fluoride (CPF) or were left unbleached (control). Bleaching was performed for 14 days simultaneously with pH cycling, which comprised of 14 h of remineralization, 2 h of demineralization and 8 h of bleaching. The control groups (FL and SP) were stored in remineralizing solution during their bleaching periods and were also subjected to carious lesion formation. Parallelepiped-shaped samples were obtained from the bonded interface for microtensile bond strength (µTBS) testing. The enamel µTBS of the FL and SP groups (control, not bleached) were higher (p < 0.05) than those of the bleached interfaces (FL > FL + CPF = FL + CP and SP > SP + CPF = SP + CP). The groups subjected to treatment with the fluoride-containing bleaching agents exhibited similar µTBS compared to regular bleaching agents. Bleaching agents, regardless of whether they contained fluoride, decreased enamel bond strength.

Antimicrobial effects of ozonated water on the sanitization of dental instruments contaminated with E. coli, S. aureus, C. albicans, or the spores of B. atrophaeus.

OBJECTIVES: Ozone has been used as an alternative method for the decontamination of water, food, equipment and instruments. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of ozonated water on the sanitization of dental instruments that were contaminated by Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and the spores of Bacillus atrophaeus. METHODS: A total of one hundred and twenty standardized samples of diamond dental burs were experimentally contaminated with E. coli (ATCC 25922), S. aureus (ATCC 6538) and C. albicans (ATCC 18804) and the spores of B. atrophaeus (ATCC 6633) for 30 min. After the contamination, the samples were exposed to ozonated water (10mg/L O(3)) for 10 or 30min. The control group was composed of samples that were exposed to distilled water for 30 min. After the exposure to the ozonated water, 0.1 mL aliquots were seeded onto BHI agar to count the colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) of E. coli, S. aureus, and B. atrophaeus. Sabouraud dextrose agar was used to count the CFU/mL of C. albicans. The results were subjected to an analysis of variance and the Tukey test. RESULTS: For all of the microorganisms studied, the ozonated water reduced the number of CFU/mL after 10 and 30 min of sanitization, and this microbial reduction was dependent on the duration of the exposure to the ozonated water. E. coli exhibited the greatest reduction in CFU/mL (2.72-3.78 log) followed by S. aureus (2.14-3.19 log), C. albicans (1.44-2.14 log) and the spores of B. atrophaeus (1.01-1.98 log). CONCLUSION: The ozonated water was effective in reducing the CFU of E. coli, S. aureus, C. albicans and B. atrophaeus spores, suggesting that ozonated water can be used for the sanitization of dental instruments.

Estabilidade dimensional de modelos obtidos com poliéter e silicone de adição após desinfecção comácido peracético e hipoclorito de sódio / Dimensional stability of casts obtained with polyether and addition reaction silicone after disinfection with sodium hypochlorite and peracetic acid

Este estudo buscou comparar a estabilidade dimensional de modelos após moldagem com poliéter (P), silicone de adição espatulado mecanicamente (SAP) e manualmente (SAM), desinfetados com hipoclorito de sódio 1% (HP), ácido peracético 0,2% (AP) e sem desinfecção. Foram feitas mensurações cruzando o arco posterior (CAP) e anterior (CAA), ântero-posterior direita (APD) e esquerda (APE). A análise estatística (Kruskal-Wallis) mostrou que houve diferença significativa apenas na medida CAP: 1) entre P (0,1203% ± 0,0442) e SAP (0,0350% ± 0,0158) desinfetados com HP; 2) entre P (0,1345% ± 0,1059) e SAP (0,0264%± 0,0302) desinfetados com AP; 3) entre os grupos SAM (0,1054% ± 0,0419) e SAP (0,0264% ± 0,0302). A desinfecção com ácido peracético e hipoclorito de sódio não interferiu negativamente na estabilidade dimensional das moldagens realizadas neste estudo.

This study aimed to compare the dimensional stability of polyether (P), addition silicone auto mixed (ASP) and addition silicone hand mixed (ASM) molds after disinfection with sodium hypochlorite 1% (HP), peracetic acid 0,2% (AP), and no disinfection. Mensurations cross posterior arch (CAP), cross-anterior arch (CAA), and antero-posterior on right (APD) and left sides (APE). Statistical analysis (Kruskall-Wallis) showed significant difference only in measure CAP: 1) between P (0,1203% ± 0,0442) and SAP (0,0350% ± 0,0158) disinfected with HP; 2) between P (0,1345% ± 0,1059) and SAP (0,0264% ± 0,0302) disinfected with AP; and 3) between SAM (0,1054% ± 0,0419) and SAP (0,0264% ± 0,0302). Disinfection with peracetic acid and sodium hypochlorite did not interfere negatively in the dimensional accuracy of the impressions tested in this study. Keywords: impression materials; disinfection; peracetic acid; sodium hypochlorite.

Enamel susceptibility to coffee and red wine staining at different intervals elapsed from bleaching: a photoreflectance spectrophotometry analysis.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate bleached enamel susceptibility to coffee and red-wine staining at different time periods after bleaching. BACKGROUND DATA: Although hydrogen peroxide is effective for dental bleaching, little is known regarding color stability immediately after bleaching. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-four standardized bovine enamel slabs were obtained and assigned to the following treatments (n = 9): (CO) control: sound enamel surface submitted only to bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP); (C30') enamel submitted to HP and coffee immersion at 30 min after bleaching; (C150') enamel submitted to HP and coffee immersion at 150 min after bleaching; (W30') enamel submitted to HP and red-wine immersion at 30 min after bleaching; and (W150') enamel submitted to HP and red-wine immersion at 150 min after bleaching. The color of treated enamel was determined by means of photoreflectance spectroscopy at baseline (T(0)) and after the described treatments (T(f)), and data were statistically analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey tests (p < 0.05). RESULTS: No differences were observed between the exposure times of 30 and 150 min after bleaching for both beverages (p > 0.05). Although coffee did not stain the surface, red wine significantly darkened previously bleached enamel (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Bleached enamel was susceptible to red-wine staining at both 30 and 150 min after bleaching procedures, whereas coffee did not interfere with the bleaching process.

Influence of saliva contamination on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded with self-etching adhesive systems.

INTRODUCTION: Our objective was to evaluate the influence of saliva contamination on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded with self-etching primers. METHODS: One hundred thirty-five bovine incisors were randomly divided into 3 groups, and exposed enamel surfaces were bonded with Transbond Plus Self Etching Primer (TB) (3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif), Adhese Single Bottle (AD) (Ivoclar, Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein), and Self Etch Bond (SE) (Vigodent, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). Each group was subdivided into 3 treatments (n = 15): saliva contamination (S), saliva contamination and deionized water rinsing (SW), and no salivary contamination (C). Resin composite (Z-100, 3M/ESPE, Salt Lake City, Utah) was applied to all samples to bond the orthodontic brackets. Shear bond strength testing was carried out in a universal testing machine operating at 1.0 mm per minute. RESULTS: The results were statistically analyzed with 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey tests (P <0.05). Saliva contamination caused a significant decrease of enamel strength in the groups bonded with TB and SE compared with the SW and C groups. Enamel bond strengths of the C and SW groups were higher than those of the TB group, followed by the AD and SE groups. Enamel bond strength after S was higher than AD, followed by TB and SE. CONCLUSIONS: The shear bond strengths of orthodontic brackets to enamel and the performance of the adhesive systems were influenced by contamination with saliva.

Evaluation of surface roughness of microhybrid and nanofilled composites after pH-cycling and simulated toothbrushing.

AIM: This study evaluated the surface roughness patterns of two resin-based composite restorative materials, a microhybrid (Filtek Z250, 3M ESPE) and a nanofilled (Filtek Supreme, 3M ESPE), subjected to a regimen that simulated dynamic pH-cycling and toothbrushing. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Twelve standardized cylindrical specimens of each resin-based composite material were prepared, finished, and mechanically polished. The experimental units were submitted to a pH-cycling regimen followed by 50,000 toothbrushing cycles, after which the surface roughness was measured using an atomic force microscope (AFM). AFM surface roughness was evaluated at three intervals: (1) immediately after specimen preparation (baseline), (2) after pH-cycling, and (3) after simulated toothbrushing. The results were then analyzed using a split-plot design and followed by linear regression and a Tukey's test at a significance level of p<0.05. RESULTS: The results obtained indicated that simulated toothbrushing provoked a remarkable increase in surface roughness for both types of composite resins tested (p=0.0031). However, pH-cycling did not alter the surface of the composite under the conditions of this experiment. CONCLUSION: Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that simulated toothbrushing was capable of increasing the surface roughness of the microhybrid (Filtek Z250) and the nanofilled (Filtek Supreme) composites tested. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Surface roughness of nanofilled and microhybrid composites is significantly increased after toothbrushing, although pH-cycling, as tested in this study, does not appear to affect the morphology of either composite material.

Efeitos do vinagre sobre Candida albicans aderidas in vitro em resina acrílica termicamente ativada / Vinegar effects in Candida albicans after the adherence in-vitro on the heat-activated acrylic resin

Candida albicans é um dos principais microrganismos relacionados à etiologia da estomatite por prótese. A presença da prótese com base em resina acrílica, possibilita o crescimento de leveduras tanto na prótese como na mucosa. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos de soluções de vinagre (ácido acético) sobre C. albicans aderidas, invitro, na superfície de resina acrílica utilizada na confecção de próteses. Trinta e seis corpos-de-prova em resina acrílica termicamente ativada foram imersos em cultura de C. albicans (37oC/24 h), sendo a seguir desinfetados em solução de vinagre por 30 (n=12) e 60 min (n=12). Foram utilizadas soluções de vinagre a 10% (n=6) e 30% (n=6) e solução fisiológica 0,85% (n=6) para cada tempo de imersão. Após desinfecção, os corpos-de-prova foram lavados em solução fisiológica e a partir da solução obtida após agitação, foram realizadas diluições decimais, as quais foram semeadas em ágar Sabouraud dextrose e incubadas a 37°C/48 h. A seguir foram quantificados os log de UFC/mL de suspensão contendo microrganismos aderidos aos corpos-de-prova. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância ANOVA, teste de Tukey (p=0,05). Os resultados demonstraram que ocorreu redução significativa no log UFC/mL de C. albicans nos corpos-de-prova submetidos a tratamento com solução de vinagre a 10 e 30% em relação ao controle. Não ocorreu diferença significativa quando da utilização do vinagre, nos tempos de 30 e 60 minutos, para as duas concentrações doproduto (10 e 30%).

Candida albicans is one of the main microorganisms involved with etiology of denture stomatitis. The presence ofdenture with acrylic resin base predisposes to the growth of yeasts both in the prosthesis and in the mucosa. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the effects of vinegar (acetic acid) solutions on C. albicans adhered, in vitro, to the surface of acrylic resin used in prostesis. Thirty-six heat-activated resin specimens were immersed in C. albicans culture (37oC/24 hours) and then submitted to disinfection in vinegar solutionsduring 30 (n=12) and 60 (n=12) minutes. The specimens of each group were submitted to one of the following treatments: 10% (n=6) or 30% (n=6) vinegar solution and 0,85% saline solution (n=6). After the disinfection process, the specimens were washed in physiologic solutionand the adhered cells were dispersed by agitation. Decimal dilutions of the initial suspension were plated on Sabourauddextrose agar and incubated at 37°C for 48 hours. After this period of incubation, the number of log cfu/mL of yeasts adhered to each specimen was calculated. Data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA, Tukey’s test (5%). The results showed statistically significant reduction in the number of C. albicans cells adhered to the specimens after disinfection with 10% and 30% vinegar solutions. The treatment with 30% vinegar solution was more effective than that with theconcentration of 10%. There was no significant difference after the use of vinegar for the periods of 30 and 60 minutes for both the tested concentrations of the product (10% and 30%).

Effects of 10% carbamide peroxide treatment and sodium fluoride therapies on human enamel surface microhardness.

This study sought to evaluate the microhardness of enamel submitted to 10% carbamide peroxide treatment and different methods of remineralization involving sodium fluoride (NaF). Non-erupted third molars were used and 75 enamel blocks with standardized dimensions (4.0 x 4.0 x 2.0 mm) were obtained. Enamel blocks were randomly divided into five groups (n = 15): one control (no bleaching and no fluoride treatment), one receiving a 10% carbamide peroxide treatment, one receiving 10% carbamide peroxide plus acidulated phosphate fluoride, one receiving 10% carbamide peroxide with 0.2% NaF, and one receiving 10% carbamide peroxide and 0.05% NaF. There were no differences among four of the groups (p > 0.05); the group receiving 10% carbamide peroxide only was different from all other groups (p < 0.05). Based on these results, NaF therapies are recommended during carbamide peroxide bleaching treatments.

Avaliação da aderência microbiana e rugosidade superficial de resina acrílicaquimicamente ativada após ciclagem com diferentes soluções desinfetantes / Evaluation of microbial adherence and superficial roughness of chemically activated acrylic resin after cycling with different disinfectant solutions

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a rugosidade superficial e a aderência de Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538)e Candida albicans (F-72) em placas de resina acrílica quimicamente ativada antes e após ciclagem com diferentessoluções desinfetantes. Para isso, quarenta corpos-de-prova de resina acrílica de 4 mm2 foram confeccionados utilizando uma matriz metálica. Os corpos-de-prova receberam polimento químico, tiveram a rugosidade superficial mensurada, foram esterilizados e a seguir imersos em caldo infusão cérebro-coração (BHI) para S. aureus e caldo Sabouraud paraC. albicans, juntamente com suspensão padronizada (106 células/mL) de cada microrganismo. Após 24h/37ºC, os microrganismos aderidos aos corpos-de-prova foram dispersos, diluídos e semeados em meio de cultura para determinar o número de unidades formadoras de colônias (UFC/mL). Em seguida, cada corpo-de-prova foi ciclado nas seguintes soluções por 28 dias: água destilada (grupo controle), gluconato de clorexidina a 0,12% (grupo clorexidina), vinagre(grupo vinagre) e cloreto de cetilpiridínio (grupo cloreto). Após ciclagem, o teste de aderência e o teste de rugosidade foram repetidos. Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente pelo teste t de Student ao nível de significância de 5% esomente o grupo clorexidina apresentou diferença estatística significante, com a diminuição nos valores de aderência emrelação aos demais grupos após a ciclagem. Em relação à rugosidade, nenhum grupo apresentou alteração significativa após a ciclagem. Concluiu-se que o gluconato de clorexidina a 0,12% alterou a aderência de S. aureus e C. albicans à resina acrílica, porém sem afetar sua rugosidade superficial.

Analysis of photoreflectance and microhardness of the enamel in primary teeth submitted to different bleaching agents.

Treatment of darkened teeth in children is of great importance from an esthetic-functional point of view and for the psychoemotional development of the child. The objective of the present study was to determine the in vitro efficacy of three bleaching agents for whitening of artificially stained primary teeth. Fifty anterior primary teeth were artificially stained and then divided into three experimental groups (n = 15) submitted to bleaching treatment with 35% hydrogen peroxide gel, 35% carbamide peroxide gel, and 35% carbamide peroxide gel mixed with sodium perborate powder. The control group (n = 5) was not submitted to any bleaching treatment. Color changes were evaluated with a reflectance spectrophotometer and possible alterations in the enamel surface after bleaching were measured by Vickers microhardness testing. The data were assessed using the Student's t test. The results confirmed the bleaching action of the three agents tested. No significant difference in mean microhardness was observed between the three bleaching agents when compared to the control group.

Contaminação de escovas dentais por Streptococcus pyogenes e sua desinfecção / Contamination of toothbrushes by Streptococcus pyogenes and their disinfection

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar, in vitro, a viabilidade de Streptococcus pyogenes nas cerdas de escovas dentais, dentro de um intervalo de 24 horas e também a capacidade de diferentes concentrações de vinagre em reduzir o número de S. pyogenes de cerdas de escovas dentais previamente contaminadas. Foram utilizadas 160 escovas dentais esterilizadas separadas em grupos de 10 cada. A metodologia foi dividida em dois experimentos: o primeiro visou a avaliar o tempo em que S. pyogenes (ATCC 19615) permaneceu viável em cerdas de escovas dentais, avaliando-se períodos de tempo de 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 ,18 e 24 h (n=70) após contaminação, permanecendo as escovas acondicionadas em tubos de ensaio esterilizados. O segundo experimento foi realizado para se avaliar a redução quantitativa de S. pyogenes em cerdas de escovas dentais previamente contaminadas, após borrifamento de soluções de vinagre nas concentrações de 100% (puro), 50%, 25%, 12,5%, 6,25%, 3% e 1% (n=70). Foram realizados dois grupos controle: no controle positivo (n=10), as cerdas foram borrifadas com água destilada esterilizada, enquanto que no grupo controle negativo (n=10), com clorexidina (0,12%). Os dados coletados foram analisados estatisticamente pelo teste Binomial. Os resultados demonstraram que em até 24 horas, S. pyogenes foi capaz de permanecer viável nas cerdas das escovas. O vinagre puro ou diluído em até 3% foi capaz de eliminar S. pyogenes das cerdas, enquanto que quando utlizado a 1% reduziu em 75,5% a contaminação das escovas

Avaliação in vitro de propriedades físico-químicas de cimentos de ionômero de vidro convencionais, após adição de própolis e antibióticos / Evaluation in vitro of properties physicist-chemistries of glass-ionomer cements, after

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desgaste pela perda de massa após escovação simulada, a liberação de flúor e a resistência à compressão de dois cimentos de ionômero de vidro, um indicado para restaurações convencionais e outro indicado para a técnica de restaurações atraumáticas (ART), com a adição de antibióticos e própolis. Foram confeccionados corpos-de-prova em cimentos de ionômero de vidro (Vidrion R e Vitro Molar), adicionando-se antibióticos (cefaclor, ciprofloxacina e metronidazol) ou suspensão de própolis (30% em álcool de cereais) aos mesmos. A seguir observou-se perda de massa por escovação simulada (n=48), resistência à compressão (n=90) e liberação de flúor (n=60) dos corpos-de-prova. Os dados obtidos foram analisados estatisticamente pelo teste de variância ANOVA e Tukey com nível de significância p < 00,5. Analisando-se os resultados obtidos, verificou-se maior perda de massa após escovação simulada para o cimento de ionômero de vidro (Vidrion) adicionado de antibiótico, em relação ao Vidrion (grupo controle), com diferença estatisticamente significativa. Ocorreu maior liberação de fluoretos no cimento de ionômero de vidro (Vitro Molar) adicionado de antibióticos em relação ao Vitro Molar, com diferença estatisticamente significativa. A resistência à compressão foi menor, com diferença estatísticamente significativa, para o cimento de ionômero de vidro (Vidrion) adicionado de antibióticos e de propolis em relação Vidrion. Ocorreu também, diferença estatística na resistência à compressão entre os cimentos de ionômero de vidro Vidrion e Vitro Molar, com superioridade para o primeiro.

Avaliação de técnica de escurecimento de dentes decíduos por meio de fotorreflectância / Technique of evaluation of darkening deciduous teeth by reflectance

O tratamento bucal infantil de dentes escurecidos é de grande importância do ponto de vista estético-funcional e para o estabelecimento psicoemocional em desenvolvimento da criança em seu meio. Estudos sobre diferentes técnicas de clareamento dentário e agentes clareadores é de importância em odontologia. Para tanto, técnicas de escurecimento de dentes são utilizadas para avaliar o efeito desses clareadores in vitro. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia, in vitro, da técnica de manchamento de dentes decíduos. Foram utilizados 50 dentes anteriores decíduos, que foram sub-metidos à técnica de escurecimento. As alterações de cor foram avaliadas com auxílio de espectrômetro de refiectância antes e após o escurecimento. Os dados foram avaliados estatisticamente pelo teste t de Student para observações inde-pendentes com 5% de significância. Os resultados demonstraram que a técnica de escurecimento intrínseco realizada, demonstrou resultados estatisticamente significativos em relação à coloração anterior dos dentes. Pode-se concluir que a técnica utilizada para escurecimento de dentes decíduos, apresentou resultados satisfatórios.

Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) de dentifrícios infantis sobre cepas de Streptococcus mutans / Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of children´s toothpastes on Streptococcus mutans isolates

O declínio da prevalência da doença cárie observado nos países industrializados nas últimas décadas tem sido atribuído, principalmente, ao uso abrangente de dentifrícios fluoretados. Associado ao flúor, outros antimicrobianos são incluídos nos dentifrícios com a finalidade de controlar biofilme dentário e agir sobre estreptococcus do grupo mutans. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar in vitro a efetividade antimicrobiana de dez dentifrícios (oito infantis, um de uso adulto e um manipulado sem fluoretos). Os dentifrícios foram diluídos (0,93 a 120 mg/mL) e o efeito foi verificado sobre 25 cepas de Streptococcus mutans, utilizando-se método de diluição em ágar. Com base nos resultados obtidos, pode-se interferir que três dentifrícios infantis contendo lauril sulfato de sódio e 1100 ppm F foram efetivos frente a cepas de S. mutans apresentando CIM de 15 mg/mL de produto; dois dentifrícios infantis contendo lauril sulfato de sódio e 500 e 1127 ppm F respectivamente, apresentaram CIM de 30 mg/mL para S. mutans; um dentifrício contendo lauril sulfato de sódio e não apresentando fluoretos, apresentou CIM de 120 mg/mL para S. mutans; dois dentifrícios infantis que não apresentaram inibição das cepas de S. mutans não continham lauril sulfato de sódio e fluoretos em sua composição; o dentifríco com indicação para adultos inibiu as cepas de S. mutans na concentração de 15 mg/mL. Este produto não aprsentava lauril sulfato de sódio em sua composição, mas apresentava maior quantidade de fluoretos (1470 ppm F). Estes resultados sugerem que na presença de fluoretos nos dentifrícios, independente de sua concentração, apresentaram ação mais efetiva do que o lauril sulfato de sódio sobre as cepas de S. mutans testadas.

Diagnóstico da cárie oclusal: considerações comparativas entre os métodos da inspeção tátil e exame radiográfico convencional / diagnosis of occlusal caries: comparative considerations among the methods of visual inspection, tactile inspection and convencional radiographic examination

Introdução - O diagnóstico da cárie oclusal representa atualmente um desafio para o cirurgião-dentista. O uso constante de fluoretos propiciou modificações na morfologia e padrão das lesões de cárie oclusal e o exame clínico convencional nem sempre tem sido suficiente para o diagnóstico dessas lesões. O objetivo do presente estudo é discutir e comparar inspeção visual, inspeção tátil e exame radiográfico interproximal convencional no diagnóstico da cárie oclusal na clínica diária. Método - Observou-se que a inspeção visual ainda pode ser considerada como umbom método de diagnóstico da cárie oclusal, principalmente em lesões incipientes, desde que o campo esteja limpo, seco e iluminado. Resultado - A inspeção tátil não deve ser usada, pois pode causar danos à estrutura dentária e levar microrganismos cariogênicos de sítios infectados para não infectados. Conclusão - O exame radiográfico apresentou-se útil em lesões profundas. A associação do exame visual com o radiográfico pode ser considerada suficiente para a detecção precoce de lesões de cárie, desde que criteriosamente realizada.

Tratamento clareador conservador com peróxido de hidrogênio (35 por cento) na dentinogênese imperfeita / Conservator bleaching with hydrogen peroxide (35%) in dentinogenesis imperfecta

A reabilitação estética dos pacientes portadores de dentinogênese imperfeita, geralmente é realizada utilizando-se tratamentos restauradores, porém em casos onde ainda não ocorreu a abrasão do elemento dentário, pode-se propor um tratamento mais conservador, como o clareamento. O presente relato tem por objetivo descrever o caso de um paciente com diagnóstico de dentinogênese imperfeita tipo II, onde se optou pelo tratamento utilizando-se clareamento com agente clareador Whitness HP (FGM). No presente trabalho, a técnica de clareamento dentário, realizada em sessão única, apresentou resultados clínicos satisfatórios, demonstrando-se como uma alternativa para tratamento estético desta anomalia

Esthetic alternative for fluorosis blemishes with the usage of a dual bleaching system based on hydrogen peroxide at 35%.

Esthetic dental procedures in pediatric dentistry represent sources of satisfaction and realization, as much for the patient as for the professional. Lack of dental esthetics may develop psychological problems in infant as well as in adolescent patients. Blemishes produced by fluorosis appear as a challenge to the pediatric dentist and alternatives for treatment are desired. The scope of this present paper is to relate a clinical case with esthetic solution for blemishes in teeth enamel due to fluorosis. A dual system of bleaching was used (photo/chemically activated) based on hydrogen peroxide at 35% (Hi-Lite-Shofu) in a male eight-year-old patient with white fluorosis blemishes on teeth 11 and 21. The bleaching system used was efficient in bleaching teeth with white blemishes due to fluorosis, thus masking the blemishes and providing a more uniform appearance.