Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 20 de 38
Filtrar
1.
Am J Perinatol ; 2024 Jun 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38754461

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: High-risk infant follow-up (HRIF) is a complex process lacking standardization. We present a simple, single-provider model that proved effective and is well-received by caregivers. STUDY DESIGN: In this study, we measured caregiver use and satisfaction with an HRIF visit attended by an experienced neonatologist in a well-care setting, soon after discharge. RESULTS: One hundred parents participated in the survey. Among the infants of these parents, 78% of infants were seen in the first 3 months of life and 39% within 1 month of discharge. Nutrition (98%) and development (97%) were the most commonly discussed topics, followed by general health (95%), iron supplementation (93%), and head size (90%). Using a 5-point Likert's scale, with 5 being the highest rating, parents responded that the meeting answered their questions (4.7, n = 93), organized their infants' needs (4.6, n = 90), and increased their confidence in caring for their infants (4.65, n = 92). CONCLUSION: HRIF with an experienced neonatologist is an effective means of increasing parents' understanding of their infants' medical needs and confidence in caring for their infants. KEY POINTS: · Meeting with a neonatologist after discharge addressed many crucial aspects of patient care.. · Meeting with a neonatologist after discharge was met with a high level of caregiver satisfaction.. · Neonatal consultation in the community may promote caregiver confidence in caring for their infant.. · Neonatal consultation reduced parental anxiety, especially regarding growth and development..

2.
Front Pediatr ; 11: 1157542, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37342529

RESUMO

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Efforts to promote the judicious use of antibiotics and contain AMR are a priority of several medical organizations, including the WHO. One effective way to achieve this goal is the deployment of antibiotic stewardship programs (ASPs). This study aimed to survey the current situation of pediatric ASPs in European countries and establish a baseline for future attempts to harmonize pediatric ASPs and antibiotic use in Europe. Methods: A web-based survey was conducted among national delegates of the European Academy of Paediatrics (EAP). The survey assessed the presence of pediatric ASPs in the representatives' countries in the inpatient and outpatient settings, the staff included in the programs, and their detailed activities regarding antibiotic use. Results: Of the 41 EAP delegates surveyed, 27 (66%) responded. Inpatient pediatric ASPs were reported in 74% (20/27) countries, and outpatient programs in 48% (13/27), with considerable variability in their composition and activities. Guidelines for managing pediatric infectious diseases were available in nearly all countries (96%), with those for neonatal infections (96%), pneumonia (93%), urinary tract (89%), peri-operative (82%), and soft tissue (70%) infections being the most common. Pediatric ASPs were reported at the national (63%), institutional (41%), and regional/local (<15%) levels. Pediatricians with infectious disease training (62%) and microbiologists (58%) were the most common members of the program personnel, followed by physician leaders (46%), infectious disease/infection control physicians (39%), pharmacists (31%), and medical director representatives (15%). Activities of the pediatric ASPs included educational programs (85%), monitoring and reporting of antibiotic use (70%) and resistance (67%), periodic audits with feedback (44%), prior approval (44%), and post-prescription review of selected antibiotic agents (33%). Conclusion: Although pediatric ASPs exist in most European countries, their composition and activities vary considerably across countries. Initiatives to harmonize comprehensive pediatric ASPs across Europe are needed.

3.
Eur J Pediatr ; 182(6): 2705-2714, 2023 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37004585

RESUMO

To analyse the risk of fractures among children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) compared with matched children without ADHD; and to evaluate the impact of pharmacological treatment. This registry-based cohort study included 31,330 children diagnosed with ADHD and a comparison group of 62,660 children matched by age, sex, population sector and socioeconomic status. Demographic and clinical information was extracted from the electronic database of Meuhedet, a health maintenance organization. Fracture events between 2-18 years of age were identified by coded diagnoses. The overall fracture incidence rate was 334 per 10,000 patient-years (PY) in the ADHD group and 284 per 10,000 PY in the comparison group (p < 0.001). Among boys, the fracture incidence rates were 388 per 10,000 PY and 327 per 10,000 PY (p < 0.001), for the respective groups. Among girls, the rates were lower in both groups compared to boys, but higher in the ADHD compared to the matched group (246 vs 203 per 10,000 PY, p < 0.001). Among the children with ADHD, the hazard ratios (HR) to have a fracture were similar in boys (1.18, 95%CI 1.15-1.22, p < 0.001) and girls (1.22, 95%CI 1.16-1.28, p < 0.001). Children with ADHD were also at increased risk for two and three fractures; the hazard ratios (HRs) were 1.32 (95%CI 1.26-1.38, p < 0.001) and 1.35 (95%CI 1.24-1.46, p < 0.001), respectively. In a multivariable model of the children with ADHD, pharmacological treatment was associated with reduced fracture risk (HR 0.90, 95%CI 0.82-0.98, p < 0.001) after adjustment for sex, resident socioeconomic status and population sector.   Conclusion: Children with ADHD had greater fracture risk than a matched group without ADHD. Pharmacological treatment for ADHD may decrease this risk. What is Known: • Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may be more prone to injuries and fractures than children without ADHD. What is New: • Children with ADHD were 1.2 times more likely to have a fracture than children with similar characteristics, without ADHD. The increased risk for fractures was even greater for two and three fractures (hazard ratios 1.32 and 1.35, respectively). • Our study suggests a positive effect of pharmacological treatment for ADHD in reducing fracture risk.


Assuntos
Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade , Fraturas Ósseas , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Criança , Estudos de Coortes , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/complicações , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/epidemiologia , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/diagnóstico , Fraturas Ósseas/etiologia , Fraturas Ósseas/complicações , Incidência , Atenção
4.
Acad Med ; 98(4): 468-472, 2023 04 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36584098

RESUMO

PROBLEM: Competency-based training is a model of medical education program that uses an organized framework of competencies to develop entrustable professional activities (EPAs) for each specialty. Implementation of EPAs varies by medical specialty and country. Although national models for primary care pediatrics have been suggested in the past, standardized EPAs have not been established. APPROACH: The authors, all members of the curriculum working group of the European Confederation of Primary Care Paediatricians, describe the development and design of a training model based on EPAs specifically for pediatricians in primary care. The objective was to facilitate and disseminate a training model that standardizes and improves training in primary care pediatrics. They aimed to make the model flexible enough so that it can be adapted to different training models and different European health systems. OUTCOMES: Between May 2017 and December 2019, the authors developed a framework that includes 7 domains of competencies for the training in pediatric primary care and a set of 11 core EPAs to guide the learning process. They structured each EPA as follows: title, activity profile, domains of competence, competencies within each domain, required knowledge and skills, learning objectives described in terms of outcomes, and a 3-stage rating supervision scale to evaluate the level of performance. NEXT STEPS: The next step is the progressive implementation of these EPAs into the postgraduate primary care pediatrics training programs of European health systems. To support this implementation, the authors intend to develop training videos to assist in daily teaching of the EPAs. The authors will also develop a pan-European online resident forum designed specifically to facilitate EPA learning by sharing and discussing clinical cases. They plan to launch a pilot study on the use of the EPAs in primary care health centers in 6 European countries.


Assuntos
Competência Clínica , Currículo , Humanos , Criança , Projetos Piloto , Pediatras , Atenção Primária à Saúde
5.
Curr Oncol ; 29(2): 869-880, 2022 02 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35200573

RESUMO

The increased use of immune checkpoint inhibitors across cancer programs has created the need for standardized patient assessment, education, monitoring, and management of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). At William Osler Health System in Brampton, Ontario, a practical step-wise approach detailing the implementation of cancer immunotherapy in routine practice was developed. The approach focuses on four key steps: (1) identification of patient educators; (2) development of patient education materials; (3) development of patient monitoring tools; (4) involvement and education of multidisciplinary teams. Here, we provide an in-depth description of what was included in each step and how we integrated the different elements of the program. For each step, resources, tools, and materials that may be useful for patients, healthcare providers, and multidisciplinary teams were developed or modified based on existing materials. At our centre, the program led to improved patient comprehension of irAEs, the ability to act on symptoms (patient self-efficacy), and low rates of emergency room visits at first presentation for irAEs. We recognize that centres may need to tailor the approaches to their institutional policies and encourage centres to adapt and modify the forms and tools according to their needs and requirements.


Assuntos
Inibidores de Checkpoint Imunológico , Neoplasias , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Humanos , Imunoterapia/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Ontário
6.
Front Pediatr ; 9: 713930, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34746051

RESUMO

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, telemedicine use has increased within community pediatrics. This trend runs counter to reluctance to adaptation of the new mode of healthcare that existed prior to the pandemic. Little is known about what we can expect after the pandemic: if physicians will opt for telemedicine modalities and if tele-pediatrics will continue to be a significant mode of community pediatric care. Objective: The goal of this study was to survey primary pediatric care providers as to their experiences and clinical decision making with telemedicine modalities prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as their projected use after the pandemic ends. Material and methods: Using the EAPRASnet database we surveyed pediatricians throughout Europe, using a web-based questionnaire. The survey was performed during the COVID-19 pandemic (June-July 2020), assessed telemedicine use for several modalities, prior to and during the pandemic as well as predicted use after the pandemic will have resolved. Participants were also surveyed regarding clinical decision making in two hypothetical clinical scenarios managed by telemedicine. Results: A total of 710 physicians participated, 76% were pediatricians. The percentage of respondents who reported daily use for at least 50% of all encounters via telemedicine modalities increased during the pandemic: phone calls (4% prior to the pandemic to 52% during the pandemic), emails (2-9%), text messages (1-6%), social media (3-11%), cell-phone pictures/video (1-9%), and video conferencing (1-7%) (p < 0.005). The predicted post-pandemic use of these modalities partially declined to 19, 4, 3, 6, 9, and 4%, respectively (p < 0.005), yet demonstrating a prospectively sustained use of pictures/videos after the pandemic. Reported high likelihood of remotely treating suspected pneumonia and acute otitis media with antibiotics decreased from 8 to 16% during the pandemic to an assumed 2 and 4% after the pandemic, respectively (p < 0.005). Conclusions: This study demonstrates an increased utilization of telemedicine by pediatric providers during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as a partially sustained effect that will promote telemedicine use as part of a hybrid care provision after the pandemic will have resolved.

7.
Epidemiol Infect ; 149: e153, 2021 06 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34372950

RESUMO

Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic is still ongoing along with the global vaccination efforts against it. Here, we aimed to understand the longevity and strength of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG responses in a small community (n = 283) six months following local SARS-COV-2 outbreak in March 2020. Three serological assays were compared and neutralisation capability was also determined. Overall 16.6% (47/283) of the participants were seropositive and 89.4% (42/47) of the IgG positives had neutralising antibodies. Most of the symptomatic individuals confirmed as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive during the outbreak were seropositive (30/32, 93.8%) and 33.3% of the individuals who quarantined with a PCR confirmed patient had antibodies. Serological assays comparison revealed that Architect (Abbott) targeting the N protein LIASON® (DiaSorin) targeting the S protein and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) targeting receptor binding domain detected 9.5% (27/283), 17.3% (49/283) and 17% (48/283), respectively, as IgG positives. The latter two assays highly agreed (kappa = 0.89) between each other. In addition, 95%, (19/20, by ELISA) and 90.9% (20/22, with LIASON) and only 71.4% (15/21, by Architect) of individuals that were seropositive in May 2020 were found positive also in September. The unexpected low rate of overall immunity indicates the absence of un-noticed, asymptomatic infections. Lack of overall high correlation between the assays is attributed mainly to target-mediated antibody responses and suggests that using a single serological assay may be misleading.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/imunologia , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Surtos de Doenças , Imunoglobulina G/imunologia , SARS-CoV-2/imunologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Anticorpos Neutralizantes/imunologia , COVID-19/imunologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Surtos de Doenças/estatística & dados numéricos , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Humanos , Imunidade Coletiva/imunologia , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Israel/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Características de Residência/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Fatores de Tempo , Adulto Jovem
8.
Isr J Health Policy Res ; 9(1): 53, 2020 10 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33081834

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Facing the global health crisis of COVID-19, health systems are increasingly supporting the use of telemedicine in ambulatory care settings. It is not clear whether the increased use of telemedicine will persist after the pandemic has resolved. The aims of this study were to assess the use of telemedicine by Israeli pediatricians before and during the first lockdown phase of the pandemic, and to elucidate how they foresee telemedicine as a medium of medical practice in the post-pandemic era. METHODS: A web-based survey was distributed among Israeli pediatricians in May 2020, soon after the end of first lockdown was announced. The survey assessed the frequency of telemedicine use as well as its influence on clinical decision making before and during the first COVID-19 lockdown, using two hypothetical clinical scenarios. The same scenarios were also used to assess how the pediatricians foresaw telemedicine in the post-pandemic period. In addition, administrative data from Maccabi on telemedicine use before, during and after the first lockdown were retrieved and analyzed. RESULTS: One hundred and sixty-nine pediatricians responded to the survey (response rate = 40%). The percentage of respondents who reported daily use of text messages, pictures and videoconferencing increased from 24, 15 and 1% before COVID-19 to 40, 40 and 12% during the lockdown, respectively (p < 0.05). After the pandemic, projected use of text messages and pictures/videoclips was expected to decrease to 27 and 26% of respondents, respectively (p < 0.05), but pictures/videoclips were expected to increase from 15% of respondents before to 26% of respondents after (p < 0.05). The reported high likelihood of treating suspected pneumonia or prescribing antibiotics for suspected otitis media via telemedicine was expected to decrease from 20% of respondents during the COVID-19 lockdown to 6%% of respondents after (p < 0.05), and from 14% of respondents during the lockdown to 3% of respondents after, respectively. (p < 0.05). Maccabi administrative data indicated that during the lockdown, there was an increase in phone visits and a decrease in in-person visits compared to the pre-lockdown levels of use. One month after the end of the first lock-down there was a partial return to baseline levels of in-person visits and a sustained increase in phone visits. Phone visits accounted for 0% of pediatrician visits before the first lockdown, 17% of them during the lockdown, and 19% of them 1 month after the lockdown relaxation. CONCLUSIONS: The study indicates that use of telemedicine technologies by primary care pediatricians increased substantially during the first COVID-19 lockdown. The study also found that pediatricians expected that use levels will recede after the pandemic. As the pandemic continues and evolves, it will be important to continue to monitor the level of telemedicine use as well as expectations regarding post-pandemic use levels.


Assuntos
Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Infecções por Coronavirus/prevenção & controle , Pandemias/prevenção & controle , Pediatras/psicologia , Pneumonia Viral/prevenção & controle , Atenção Primária à Saúde/organização & administração , Telemedicina/tendências , Adulto , Idoso , COVID-19 , Criança , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Feminino , Previsões , Humanos , Israel/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pediatras/estatística & dados numéricos , Pneumonia Viral/epidemiologia , Política Pública , Quarentena
10.
Mult Scler ; 26(1): 23-37, 2020 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31778094

RESUMO

Randomized controlled clinical trials and real-world observational studies provide complementary information but with different validity. Some clinical questions (disease behavior, prognosis, validation of outcome measures, comparative effectiveness, and long-term safety of therapies) are often better addressed using real-world data reflecting larger, more representative populations. Integration of disease history, clinician-reported outcomes, performance tests, and patient-reported outcome measures during patient encounters; imaging and biospecimen analyses; and data from wearable devices increase dataset utility. However, observational studies utilizing these data are susceptible to many potential sources of bias, creating barriers to acceptance by regulatory agencies and the medical community. Therefore, data standardization and validation within datasets, harmonization across datasets, and application of appropriate analysis methods are important considerations. We review approaches to improve the scope, quality, and analyses of real-world data to advance understanding of multiple sclerosis and its treatment, as an example of opportunities to better support patient care and research.


Assuntos
Armazenamento e Recuperação da Informação , Esclerose Múltipla/diagnóstico , Esclerose Múltipla/terapia , Estudos Observacionais como Assunto , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Humanos , Armazenamento e Recuperação da Informação/métodos , Armazenamento e Recuperação da Informação/normas , Estudos Observacionais como Assunto/métodos , Estudos Observacionais como Assunto/normas , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto/métodos , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto/normas
11.
Lancet Neurol ; 18(2): 185-197, 2019 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30663608

RESUMO

Spinal cord involvement is an important cause of disability in patients with multiple sclerosis or neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSDs). Multiple sclerosis and NMOSDs can be distinguished from other disorders that cause myelopathy by results from laboratory and radiological investigations. However, limitations in the sensitivity and specificity of spinal cord imaging and poor correlation with disability megasures have impeded the understanding of the relationship between spinal cord involvement and clinical manifestations. Nevertheless, studies of the pathological features of multiple sclerosis and NMOSDs have shown that quantitatively different mechanisms lead to differences in clinical course and pattern of accrual of permanent disability in the two disorders. Better understanding of these mechanisms is necessary to develop more informative clinical measures, electrophysiological methods, fluid biomarkers, and imaging techniques to detect and monitor spinal cord involvement in the diagnosis and management of patients with multiple sclerosis or NMOSDs, and as outcome measures in clinical trials.


Assuntos
Esclerose Múltipla/patologia , Neuromielite Óptica/patologia , Medula Espinal/patologia , Humanos , Esclerose Múltipla/diagnóstico , Neuromielite Óptica/diagnóstico
13.
Lancet Neurol ; 17(2): 162-173, 2018 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29275977

RESUMO

The 2010 McDonald criteria for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis are widely used in research and clinical practice. Scientific advances in the past 7 years suggest that they might no longer provide the most up-to-date guidance for clinicians and researchers. The International Panel on Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis reviewed the 2010 McDonald criteria and recommended revisions. The 2017 McDonald criteria continue to apply primarily to patients experiencing a typical clinically isolated syndrome, define what is needed to fulfil dissemination in time and space of lesions in the CNS, and stress the need for no better explanation for the presentation. The following changes were made: in patients with a typical clinically isolated syndrome and clinical or MRI demonstration of dissemination in space, the presence of CSF-specific oligoclonal bands allows a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis; symptomatic lesions can be used to demonstrate dissemination in space or time in patients with supratentorial, infratentorial, or spinal cord syndrome; and cortical lesions can be used to demonstrate dissemination in space. Research to further refine the criteria should focus on optic nerve involvement, validation in diverse populations, and incorporation of advanced imaging, neurophysiological, and body fluid markers.


Assuntos
Doenças Desmielinizantes/diagnóstico , Esclerose Múltipla/diagnóstico , Adulto , Idoso , Córtex Cerebral/patologia , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Esclerose Múltipla Recidivante-Remitente/diagnóstico por imagem , Exame Neurológico , Bandas Oligoclonais/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Medula Espinal/patologia
14.
Brain ; 140(11): 2776-2796, 2017 11 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29053779

RESUMO

The availability of multiple disease-modifying medications with regulatory approval to treat multiple sclerosis illustrates the substantial progress made in therapy of the disease. However, all are only partially effective in preventing inflammatory tissue damage in the central nervous system and none directly promotes repair. Cell-based therapies, including immunoablation followed by autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, mesenchymal and related stem cell transplantation, pharmacologic manipulation of endogenous stem cells to enhance their reparative capabilities, and transplantation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, have generated substantial interest as novel therapeutic strategies for immune modulation, neuroprotection, or repair of the damaged central nervous system in multiple sclerosis. Each approach has potential advantages but also safety concerns and unresolved questions. Moreover, clinical trials of cell-based therapies present several unique methodological and ethical issues. We summarize here the status of cell-based therapies to treat multiple sclerosis and make consensus recommendations for future research and clinical trials.


Assuntos
Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/métodos , Transplante de Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/métodos , Esclerose Múltipla/terapia , Humanos , Células-Tronco Pluripotentes Induzidas/transplante , Bainha de Mielina , Oligodendroglia , Regeneração , Transplante de Células-Tronco/métodos , Células-Tronco , Transplante Autólogo
15.
Neurology ; 86(15): 1437-1445, 2016 Apr 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26888986

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to provide recommendations for addressing comorbidity in clinical trial design and conduct in multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS: We held an international workshop, informed by a systematic review of the incidence and prevalence of comorbidity in MS and an international survey about research priorities for studying comorbidity including their relation to clinical trials in MS. RESULTS: We recommend establishing age- and sex-specific incidence estimates for comorbidities in the MS population, including those that commonly raise concern in clinical trials of immunomodulatory agents; shifting phase III clinical trials of new therapies from explanatory to more pragmatic trials; describing comorbidity status of the enrolled population in publications reporting clinical trials; evaluating treatment response, tolerability, and safety in clinical trials according to comorbidity status; and considering comorbidity status in the design of pharmacovigilance strategies. CONCLUSION: Our recommendations will help address knowledge gaps regarding comorbidity that interfere with the ability to interpret safety in monitored trials and will enhance the generalizability of findings from clinical trials to "real world" settings where the MS population commonly has comorbid conditions.


Assuntos
Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Esclerose Múltipla/epidemiologia , Esclerose Múltipla/terapia , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto/ética , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto/métodos , Comorbidade , Humanos , Esclerose Múltipla/complicações
16.
Neurology ; 86(15): 1446-1453, 2016 Apr 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26865523

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To reach consensus about the most relevant comorbidities to study in multiple sclerosis (MS) with respect to incidence, prevalence, and effect on outcomes; review datasets that may support studies of comorbidity in MS; and identify MS outcomes that should be prioritized in such studies. METHODS: We held an international workshop to meet these objectives, informed by a systematic review of the incidence and prevalence of comorbidity in MS, and an international survey regarding research priorities for comorbidity. RESULTS: We recommend establishing age- and sex-specific incidence and prevalence estimates for 5 comorbidities (depression, anxiety, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes); evaluating the effect of 7 comorbidities (depression, anxiety, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, chronic lung disease, and autoimmune diseases) on disability, quality of life, brain atrophy and other imaging parameters, health care utilization, employment, and mortality, including age, sex, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and disease duration as potential confounders; harmonizing study designs across jurisdictions; and conducting such studies worldwide. Ultimately, clinical trials of treating comorbidity in MS are needed. CONCLUSION: Our recommendations will help address knowledge gaps regarding the incidence, prevalence, and effect of comorbidity on outcomes in MS.


Assuntos
Esclerose Múltipla/epidemiologia , Esclerose Múltipla/terapia , Estudos Observacionais como Assunto/métodos , Comorbidade , Humanos , Esclerose Múltipla/complicações , Projetos de Pesquisa
18.
Mult Scler ; 21(3): 305-17, 2015 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25583845

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Psychiatric comorbidity is associated with lower quality of life, more fatigue, and reduced adherence to disease-modifying therapy in multiple sclerosis (MS). OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this review are to estimate the incidence and prevalence of selected comorbid psychiatric disorders in MS and evaluate the quality of included studies. METHODS: We searched the PubMed, PsychInfo, SCOPUS, and Web of Knowledge databases and reference lists of retrieved articles. Abstracts were screened for relevance by two independent reviewers, followed by full-text review. Data were abstracted by one reviewer, and verified by a second reviewer. Study quality was evaluated using a standardized tool. For population-based studies we assessed heterogeneity quantitatively using the I² statistic, and conducted meta-analyses. RESULTS: We included 118 studies in this review. Among population-based studies, the prevalence of anxiety was 21.9% (95% CI: 8.76%-35.0%), while it was 14.8% for alcohol abuse, 5.83% for bipolar disorder, 23.7% (95% CI: 17.4%-30.0%) for depression, 2.5% for substance abuse, and 4.3% (95% CI: 0%-10.3%) for psychosis. CONCLUSION: This review confirms that psychiatric comorbidity, particularly depression and anxiety, is common in MS. However, the incidence of psychiatric comorbidity remains understudied. Future comparisons across studies would be enhanced by developing a consistent approach to measuring psychiatric comorbidity, and reporting of age-, sex-, and ethnicity-specific estimates.


Assuntos
Transtornos Mentais/epidemiologia , Esclerose Múltipla/epidemiologia , Comorbidade , Humanos , Incidência , Prevalência
19.
Mult Scler ; 21(3): 263-81, 2015 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25623244

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Comorbidity is an area of increasing interest in multiple sclerosis (MS). OBJECTIVE: The objective of this review is to estimate the incidence and prevalence of comorbidity in people with MS and assess the quality of included studies. METHODS: We searched the PubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE and Web of Knowledge databases, conference proceedings, and reference lists of retrieved articles. Two reviewers independently screened abstracts. One reviewer abstracted data using a standardized form and the abstraction was verified by a second reviewer. We assessed study quality using a standardized approach. We quantitatively assessed population-based studies using the I² statistic, and conducted random-effects meta-analyses. RESULTS: We included 249 articles. Study designs were variable with respect to source populations, case definitions, methods of ascertainment and approaches to reporting findings. Prevalence was reported more frequently than incidence; estimates for prevalence and incidence varied substantially for all conditions. Heterogeneity was high. CONCLUSION: This review highlights substantial gaps in the epidemiological knowledge of comorbidity in MS worldwide. Little is known about comorbidity in Central or South America, Asia or Africa. Findings in North America and Europe are inconsistent. Future studies should report age-, sex- and ethnicity-specific estimates of incidence and prevalence, and standardize findings to a common population.


Assuntos
Comorbidade , Esclerose Múltipla/epidemiologia , Humanos , Incidência , Prevalência
20.
Brain ; 138(Pt 1): 11-27, 2015 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25433914

RESUMO

Visual impairment is a key manifestation of multiple sclerosis. Acute optic neuritis is a common, often presenting manifestation, but visual deficits and structural loss of retinal axonal and neuronal integrity can occur even without a history of optic neuritis. Interest in vision in multiple sclerosis is growing, partially in response to the development of sensitive visual function tests, structural markers such as optical coherence tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, and quality of life measures that give clinical meaning to the structure-function correlations that are unique to the afferent visual pathway. Abnormal eye movements also are common in multiple sclerosis, but quantitative assessment methods that can be applied in practice and clinical trials are not readily available. We summarize here a comprehensive literature search and the discussion at a recent international meeting of investigators involved in the development and study of visual outcomes in multiple sclerosis, which had, as its overriding goals, to review the state of the field and identify areas for future research. We review data and principles to help us understand the importance of vision as a model for outcomes assessment in clinical practice and therapeutic trials in multiple sclerosis.


Assuntos
Oftalmopatias/etiologia , Esclerose Múltipla/complicações , Esclerose Múltipla/diagnóstico , Visão Ocular/fisiologia , Animais , Bases de Dados Factuais/estatística & dados numéricos , Oftalmopatias/diagnóstico , Humanos , Vias Visuais/patologia , Vias Visuais/fisiopatologia
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA