Therapeutic potential of xtr-miR-22-3p from Plastrum testudinis in acute promyelocytic leukemia.

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is marked by a block at the promyelocyte stage. Treatments like ATRA and ATO face resistance and relapse issues. Plastrum testudinis, a traditional Chinese medicine, may offer therapeutic potential. This study investigated xtr-miR-22-3p from P. testudinis for treating APL. High expression of xtr-miR-22-3p was confirmed, with target prediction indicating interactions with key genes, including PML. xtr-miR-22-3p reduced HL-60 leukemia cell growth, altered the cell cycle, and selectively inhibited HL-60 proliferation while promoting BMSC growth, suggesting its potential as a targeted APL therapy.

Characterization and genomic analysis of Bacillus megaterium with the ability to degrade aflatoxin B1.

Coix seed is a good product for both medicinal and food use, which is highly susceptible to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contamination during field transport, storage, and processing. The aim of this study is to find microbial strains that can solve the problem of contamination of coix seed. In this study, the AFB1-degrading microorganism SX1-1 was isolated and identified as a Bacillus megaterium based on morphology, microscopy, and 16S rDNA sequencing. The optimum culture conditions for SX1-1 to degrade AFB1 were determined to be 12 h. The optimum degradation conditions were 72 h, 57°C, and an initial pH of 8.0. The highest degradation of AFB1 was observed in the fermentation supernatant of the SX1-1 strain, with a degradation rate of 97.45%. In addition, whole-genome sequencing analysis of this strain revealed the presence of a number of enzymes that could potentially degrade AFB1. Importantly, SX1-1 was able to degrade AFB1-contaminated coix seed in situ by 50.06% after co-culture. In conclusion, this strain had a high AFB1 degradation ability, and has great potential and great application as a biocontrol agent for AFB1 degradation of coix seed.

[Construction of ATMT system of Fusarium oxysporum and evaluation of its promoting effect on Glycyrrhiza uralensis].

This study aims to evaluate the in vivo function of Fusarium oxysporum in Glycyrrhiza uralensis by salt tolerance,indoleacetic acid(IAA) production capacity, phosphate-dissolving capacity, and iron carrier production capacity. The stable genetic transformation system of the F. oxysporum was established by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation( ATMT)technology, and the stability and staining efficiency of transformants were detected by the cloning of the marker gene green fluorescent protein(GFP) and the efficiency of ß-glucuronidase staining(GUS). Efficient and stable transformants were selected for restaining G. uralensis and evaluating its influence on the growth of the G. uralensis seedlings. The results show that F. oxysporum has good salt tolerance and could still grow on potato glucose agar(PDA) medium containing 7% sodium chloride, but the growth rate slows down with the increase in sodium chloride content in PDA medium. F. oxysporum has the function of producing indoleacetic acid, and the concentration of IAA in its fermentation broth is about 3. 32 mg · m L~(-1). In this study, the genetic transformation system of F. oxysporum is successfully constructed, and the ATMT system is efficient and stable. One transformant with both high staining efficiency and genetic stability is selected, and the restaining rate of the transformant in G. uralensis is 76. 92%, which could significantly improve the main root length of one-month-old G. uralensis seedlings and promote the growth and development of G. uralensis seedlings. The results of this study can lay the foundation for the development of biological bacterial fertilizer and the growth regulation of high-quality G. uralensis.

[Evaluation of nutritional value of Bambusae Concretio Silicea based on content of 15 amino acids].

The content of 15 total amino acids(TAAs) in Bambusae Concretio Silicea was determined by HPLC with phenyl-isothiocyanate(PITC) for pre-column derivatization. The results showed that the content of TAA was 0.61-12.25 mg·g~(-1), and aspartic acid(Asp), glutamic acid(Glu), proline(Pro), glycine(Gly), and valine(Val) were the top five amino acids in terms of the average content. The content of essential amino acids(EAAs), conditionally essential amino acids(CEAAs), non-essential amino acids(NEAAs), and medicinal amino acids(MAAs) was 0.24-4.75, 0.30-4.73, 0.40-7.50, and 0.36-6.51 mg·g~(-1), respectively. Among the delicious amino acids, sweet amino acids(SAA), bitter amino acids(BAA), fresh-taste amino acids(FAAs), and odourless amino acids(OAAs) had the content of 0.22-4.70, 0.19-4.03, 0.13-2.26, and 0.06-1.26 mg·g~(-1), respectively. The 21 batches of Bambusae Concretio Silicea samples presented the same composition but significant differences in the content of amino acids. Among the three producing areas, Guangdong was the area where the samples had the highest content of TAAs, EAAs, CEAAs, NEAAs, MAAs, and delicious amino acids. Furthermore, the ratio of amino acid(RAA), ratio coefficient of amino acid(RCAA), and score of ratio coefficient of amino acid(SRCAA) were calculated to evaluate the nutritional value of Bambusae Concretio Silicea. The results showed that the Bambusae Concretio Silicea samples from Guangdong had better nutritional value. The nutritional value evaluation based on the content of 15 amino acids was proposed to provide data support for the quality grading of Bambusae Concretio Silicea and lay a foundation for the development and utilization of the medicinal material resources.

Authentication, chemical profiles analysis, and quality evaluation of corn silk via DNA barcoding and UPLC-LTQ/Orbitrap MS chemical profiling.

Corn silk is commonly consumed in teas, food ingredients, and herbal medicines. Several varieties of corn silk are grown in different habitats in China. However, as information regarding their phytochemistry and genetic diversity is limited, their medicinal potential has not been utilized thoroughly. Thus, we aimed to use a combination of DNA barcoding based on specific primer ITSC sequences and ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with linear trap quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC-LTQ/Orbitrap MS) approach for identifying and evaluating corn silk. ITSC barcoding helped us to identify that 52 samples could be classified into 7 groups of corn silk varieties, but the widely used nrITS and psbA-trnH barcodes failed to identify these varieties. UPLC-LTQ/Orbitrap MS was used to study the components in alcohol extracts derived from different corn silk varieties, and the detected chemical components were analyzed via bioinformatics techniques. We proposed 199 components using untargeted UPLC-LTQ/Orbitrap MS-based metabolomics analysis and identified 67 components. PCA and OPLS-DA analysis revealed two distinct chemotypes by selecting 27 components that could act as difference indicators. KEGG analysis showed that the 199 components were enriched in 12 metabolic pathways. The results showed that corn silk is rich in many types of chemicals and DNA barcoding is better than UPLC-LTQ/Orbitrap MS in distinguishing the differences between different varieties of corn silk. Our findings provide new insights into the chemical and molecular characteristics of different varieties of corn silk, which play a crucial role in the utilization of corn silk resources.

Multi-Omics Analysis Provides Crucial Insights into the Drought Adaptation of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.

Drought adaptation of plants is closely related to resistance and tolerance to drought stress as well as the ability to recover after the elimination of the stress. Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch is a commonly applied herb whose growth and development are greatly affected by drought. Here, we provide the first comprehensive analysis of the transcriptomic, epigenetic, and metabolic responses of G. uralensis to drought stress and rewatering. The hyper-/hypomethylation of genes may lead to up-/downregulated gene expression, and epigenetic changes can be regarded as an important regulatory mechanism of G. uralensis under drought stress and rewatering. Moreover, integrated transcriptome and metabolome analysis revealed that genes and metabolites involved in pathways of antioxidation, osmoregulation, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and flavonoid biosynthesis may regulate the drought adaptation of G. uralensis. This work provides crucial insights into the drought adaptation of G. uralensis and offers epigenetic resources for cultivating G. uralensis with high drought adaptation.

Extraction Optimization, Preliminary Identification, and Bioactivities in Corn Silk.

For thousands of years, corn silk has been widely used as an antidiabetic, antioxidant, and antihyperlipidemic and for other effects, but there is a lack of studies that correlate the extracts of flavonoid composition with their biological activities. Thus, the objectives of this study were to optimize the conditions for extracting flavonoids, identify flavonoids, and correlate the flavonoid composition with the biological activities in corn silk. The response surface experiments showed that the highest flavonoid content was predicted at 45.321 min, 57.349°C, 26.089 mL/g, and 71.269%, respectively. The verification experiment results under these optimized conditions showed an ultrasonic time of 45 min, an ultrasonic temperature of 57°C, a liquid-to-material ratio of 26, and an ethanol volume fraction of 70%. No significant differences (the relative error is 4.378%) were observed between the theoretical and experimental TFC values, indicating that the developed models were accurate. Under these optimum extraction conditions, 20 major compounds were identified and quantified by UPLC-LTQ/Orbitrap MS. Furthermore, these optimum ethanol extracts of corn silk are effective against Bacillus subtilis and hypoglycemic activity compared with the traditional heating reflux extraction method. Six corn silk components seem to be the main contributors to the inhibitory effect against Bacillus subtilis and hyperglycemia activities. These results are useful for the application of corn silk in the food or pharmaceutical industry.

Comparative analysis of root anatomical structure, chemical components and differentially expressed genes between early bolting and unbolting in Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn.

Early bolting of Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn severely affects its quality. In this study, we compared with the root structure of P. praeruptorum and its four coumarins content between early bolting (CT) and unbolting (WT) at different growth stages. We found that the proportion of area outside the root cambium (Rs) was higher in the WT plants than in the CT plants and correlated positively with the proximity to the root tip. Furthermore, the content of all four coumarins was also higher in the WT plants relative to the CT plants. In addition, we identified 15,524 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two plant varieties. 11 DEGs are involved in the photoperiod and gibberellin pathways that regulate early bolting and 24 genes involved in coumarins biosynthesis were also identified. Nevertheless, early bolting of P. praeruptorum does affect its quality formation, and further studies are needed to confirm its mechanism.

Identification of a Novel Coumarins Biosynthetic Pathway in the Endophytic Fungus Fusarium oxysporum GU-7 with Antioxidant Activity.

Coumarins are generally considered to be produced by natural plants. Fungi have been reported to produce coumarins, but their biosynthetic pathways are still unknown. In this study, Fusarium oxysporum GU-7 and GU-60 were isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, and their antioxidant activities were determined to be significantly different. Abundant dipeptide, phenolic acids, and the plant-derived coumarins fraxetin and scopoletin were identified in GU-7 by untargeted metabolomics, and these compounds may account for its stronger antioxidant activity compared to GU-60. Combined with metabolome and RNA sequencing analysis, we identified 24 potentially key genes involved in coumarin biosynthesis and 6 intermediate metabolites. Interestingly, the best hit of S8H, a key gene involved in hydroxylation at the C-8 position of scopoletin to yield fraxetin, belongs to a plant species. Additionally, nondestructive infection of G. uralensis seeds with GU-7 significantly improved the antioxidant activity of seedlings compared to the control group. This antioxidant activity may depend on the biological characteristics of endophytes themselves, as we observed a positive correlation between the antioxidant activity of endophytic fungi and that of their nondestructively infected seedlings. IMPORTANCE Plant-produced coumarins have been shown to play an important role in assembly of the plant microbiomes and iron acquisition. Coumarins can also be produced by some microorganisms. However, studies on coumarin biosynthesis in microorganisms are still lacking. We report for the first time that fraxetin and scopoletin were simultaneously produced by F. oxysporum GU-7 with strong free radical scavenging abilities. Subsequently, we identified intermediate metabolites and key genes in the biosynthesis of these two coumarins. This is the first report on the coumarin biosynthesis pathway in nonplant species, providing new strategies and perspectives for coumarin production and expanding research on new ways for plants to obtain iron.

[Textual research on Bambusae Concretio Silicea].

By studying various ancient texts such as herbal classics and medical literature from different eras, it was found that there were discrepancies in the records about Bambusae Concretio Silicea(Tian Zhu Huang). In order to establish an accurate foundation, this research was based on ancient herbal literature and combined with plant morphology and investigative studies to examine its earliest mentions in ancient texts, nomenclature, medicinal properties, indications, and quality assessment standards. In the early records, Bambusae Concretio Silicea was referred to by several different names, such as "Zhu Huang" "Tian Zhu Huang" "Zhu Gao" "Zhu Tang", and "Zhu Huang". The earliest known formal usage of the name "Tian Zhu Huang" was found in the book Ri Hua-zi's Materia Medica(Ri Hua Zi Ben Cao). Throughout various ancient texts, the earliest recorded information about Bambusae Concretio Silicea also appeared in Ri Hua-zi's Materia Medica, not in Materia Medica of Sichuan(Shu Ben Cao) or other ancient texts. Ri Hua-zi's Materia Medica provided relevant descriptions of its origin, medicinal properties, and indications, albeit with some errors due to limited knowledge. However, this has been a valuable starting point for future research on Bambusae Concretio Silicea and holds pioneering significance in forming a mature system. As the research delved deeper, the medicinal properties of Bambusae Concretio Silicea have been consistent since Ri Hua-zi's Materia Medica, and the understanding has gradually improved through years of clinical verification. During the investigation process, the authors found limited records on the quality evaluation of Bambusae Concretio Silicea in ancient texts. Although the information is scarce, it serves as a foundational basis for establishing corresponding quality grading standards for Bambusae Concretio Silicea in the future.

Microbial degradation of aristolochic acid I by endophytic fungus A.h-Fs-1 of Asarum heterotropoides.

Asari Radix et Rhizoma is commonly used in classic prescriptions of herbal medicine in several Asian countries for resuscitation, pain relief, and sore treatment, and Asarum heterotropoides (A. heterotropoides) is an important source material of Asari Radix et Rhizoma. However, the plants of the Asari Radix et Rhizoma and some plants in Asarum spp. contain aristolochic acid I (AAI), which is considered as a carcinogen. The objective of the current study is to detoxify Asarum spp. through microbial degradation of AAI in order to ensure drug safety. Based on the observation of the close correlation between endophytic fungi of A. heterotropoides and AAI, we identified an AAI-degrading fungus and screened for candidate genes involved in AAI degradation. Full-length O-demethylase genes (ODMs) were cloned including A.h-ODM-5, Fs-ODM-4, and Fs-ODM-1, and their ability to degrade AAI was tested in vitro. The results showed that the AAI-degrading fungus was identified as Neocosmospora solani (A.h-Fs-1, endophytic fungi of A. heterotropoides), and verified the capability of specific O-demethylation to modify the structure of AAI. We further identified the functional ODMs in A.h-Fs-1 capable of degrading AAI and uncovered the AAI degradation mechanism of A.h-Fs-1. The microbial degradation of AAI demonstrated in the present study offers a new method to detoxify plant materials used for herbal medicine, and would enhance the regulation of toxic ingredients content in herbal medicine source materials.

Determination of Cultivation Regions and Quality Parameters of Poria cocos by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics.

Poria cocos (PC) is an important fungus with high medicinal and nutritional values. However, the quality of PC is heavily dependent on multiple factors in the cultivation regions. Traditional methods are not able to perform quality evaluation for this fungus in a short time, and a new method is needed for rapid quality assessment. Here, we used near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy combined with chemometric method to identify the cultivation regions and determine PC chemical compositions. In our study, 138 batches of samples were collected and their cultivation regions were distinguished by combining NIR spectroscopy and random forest method (RFM) with an accuracy as high as 92.59%. In the meantime, we used partial least square regression (PLSR) to build quantitative models and measure the content of water-soluble extract (WSE), ethanol-soluble extract (ASE), polysaccharides (PSC) and the sum of five triterpenoids (SFT). The performance of these models were verified with correlation coefficients (R2cal and R2pre) above 0.9 for the four quality parameters and the relative errors (RE) of PSC, WSE, ASE and SFT at 4.055%, 3.821%, 4.344% and 3.744%, respectively. Overall, a new approach was developed and validated which is able to distinguish PC production regions, quantify its chemical contents, and effectively evaluate PC quality.

De Novo Production of Glycyrrhetic Acid 3-O-mono-ß-D-glucuronide in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Glycyrrhetic acid 3-O-mono-ß-D-glucuronide (GAMG) is a rare compound in licorice and its short supply limits the wide applications in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. In this study, de novo biosynthesis of GAMG was achieved in engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains based on the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology. The introduction of GAMG biosynthetic pathway resulted in the construction of a GAMG-producing yeast strain for the first time. Through optimizing the biosynthetic pathway, improving the folding and catalysis microenvironment for cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs), enhancing the supply of UDP-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcA), preventing product degradation, and optimizing the fermentation conditions, the production of GAMG was increased from 0.02 µg/L to 92.00 µg/L in shake flasks (4,200-fold), and the conversion rate of glycyrrhetic acid (GA) to GAMG was higher than 56%. The engineered yeast strains provide an alternative approach for the production of glycosylated triterpenoids.

Dynamic Changes in Endophytic Microorganisms and Metabolites During Natural Drying of Licorice.

The method of drying licorice is an important factor affecting the quality of the final product. To determine the best processing method of licorice postharvest, we investigated the interaction of increasing aridity between the endophytic microorganisms and the accumulation of metabolites. Samples from the roots of licorice growing along an aridity gradient during the natural drying process were collected, and the metabolic components, the content of the main active substances and the dynamic changes of the endophytic microbial community were assessed. The glycyrrhizic acid and liquiritin contents decreased slightly or remained flat during natural drying, whereas those of liquiritigenin and isoliquiritigenin increased slightly. Moreover, the Shannon index of endophytic microbial diversity of licorice was the highest in the fresh period and showed a downward trend during the drying process. When the licorice were fresh, Cladosporiaceae and Burkholderiaceae were the dominant family present, but after drying, Nectriaceae and Enterobacteriaceae were the dominant families. A similar trend was also found in which the differential metabolites of licorice were reduced during natural drying. Furthermore, correlation analysis between dominant families and differential metabolites showed that there was a correlation between the two. Therefore, fresh processing is an effective drying method to ensure the quality of licorice. This study revealed the relationship of endophytic microbiota and changes in the licorice metabolites during different stages of drying, which provided a scientific basis for the drying method of licorice.

Molecular cloning and functional characterization of UGTs from Glycyrrhiza uralensis flavonoid pathway.

Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., a well-known medicinal plant, contains flavonoids including liquiritigenin and isoliquiritigenin, and their corresponding glycoside liquiritin and isoliquiritin. Although some genes encoding UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) have been functionally characterized in G. uralensis, other UGTs mechanisms of glycosylation remain to be elucidated. Against this background the aim of the present study included cloning and characterization of two full-length cDNA clones of GuUGT isoforms from the UGT multigene family. These included GuUGT2 (NCBI acc. MK341791) and GuUGT3 (NCBI acc. MK341793) with an ORF of 1473 and 1332 bp, respectively. Multiple alignments and phylogenetic analysis revealed GuUGTs protein of Glycine max had a high homology to that of other plants. Meanwhile, quantitative real-time PCR was performed to detect the transcript levels of GuUGTs in different tissues. The results indicated that GuUGTs was more expressed in roots as compared to the leaves, and significantly up-regulated upon NaCl stress. The recombinant protein was heterologous expressed in Escherichia coli and exhibited a high level of UGT activity, catalyzing formation of isoliquiritin and liquiritin from isoliquiritigenin and liquiritigenin. The key residues of GuUGT2 for liquiritigenin glycosylation (Asn223), isoliquiritigenin (Asp272) were predicted by molecular docking and residue scanning based on simulated mutations. These results could serve as an important reference to understand the function of the UGT family. In addition, the identification of GuUGT2 and GuUGT3 provides a foundation for future studies of flavonoid biosynthesis in G. uralensis.

Authentication of Three Source Spices of Arnebiae Radix Using DNA Barcoding and HPLC.

Arnebia decumbens (Vent.) Coss. et Kralik, A. euchroma (Royle) Johnst and A. guttata Bunge, three commonly used traditional Chinese medicinal plants have been widely used for the clinical treatment of inflammatory diseases caused by fungal, bacterial, oxidation, and other related pathogens. However, precise identification at the similar species level is usually challenging due to the influence of the source of medicinal materials, traditional ethnic medicine and medicinal habits. Here we developed a comprehensive and efficient identification system for three source spices of Arnebiae Radix based on DNA barcoding and HPLC fingerprinting. A total of 599 samples from thirty-five wild populations were collected and identified by using DNA barcodes of ITS2 regions, and the chemotypes of seven naphthoquinoneswere revealed by HPLC quantitative analysis including principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis. Our results showed that the ITS2 sequences can distinguish three source spices of Arnebiae Radix from adulterants. However, it was difficult to identify them by HPLC-specific chromatograms combined with chemometric analysis. These results indicated that DNA barcoding was a more powerful method than HPLC fingerprinting for the identification of related species that were genetically similar. DNA barcoding analysis could be a promising and reliable tool to accurately confirm the identities of medicinal materials, especially for those whose sources are multiple and difficult to be identified by conventional chromatography.

Antifungal Activity of Essential Oil From Zanthoxylum armatum DC. on Aspergillus flavus and Aflatoxins in Stored Platycladi Semen.

The major objective of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory effect of essential oil (EO) from Zanthoxylum armatum DC. on Aspergillus flavus. The chemical composition of the EO was identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of EO was investigated by liquid fermentation. The morphology, colony number, and aflatoxin content of A. flavus in platycladi semen were investigated by stereomicroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, plate counting, and high-performance liquid chromatography. The results indicated that the MIC of EO was 0.8 µL⋅mL-1, and the main components were ß-phellandrene (7.53%), D-limonene (13.24%), linalool (41.73%), terpinen-4-ol (5.33%), and trans-nerolidol (6.30%). After the EO fumigated the platycladi semen, the growth of A. flavus slowed, and the mycelium shrank considerably. The number of colonies after EO treatment at room temperature and cold storage was significantly reduced, the inhibition effect was better under cold storage, and the aflatoxin B1 content did not exceed the standard within 100 days. Therefore, this study demonstrated the good potential of A. flavus growth inhibition during the storage of platycladi semen.

Isolation and Glycomic Analysis of Trans-Golgi Network Vesicles in Plants.

The dynamic endomembrane system facilitates sorting and transport of diverse cargo. Therefore, it is crucial for plant growth and development. Vesicle proteomic studies have made substantial progress in recent years. In contrast, much less is known about the identity of vesicle compartments that mediate the transport of polysaccharides to and from the plasma membrane and the types of sugars they selectively transport. In this chapter, we provide a detailed description of the protocol used for the elucidation of the SYP61 vesicle population glycome. Our methodology can be easily adapted to perform glycomic studies of a broad variety of plant cell vesicle populations defined via subcellular markers or different treatments.

[Correlation between chemical composition,ecological factors and soil factors of Chinese herbal medicine Daphnes Cortex].

In this paper, the correlation between the chemical constituents of Chinese herbal medicines Daphnes Cortex and the ecological factors and soil factors was studied, which provided a reference for the selection of suitable areas for artificial cultivation of Daphne giraldii and wild tending. The geographic information system(GIS) was applied to obtain the ecological factor information of 23 collection sites of Daphnes Cortex, and the soil factor information was determined by the standard procedure in the soil test standard manual. Combining the information of 93 chemical constituents of Daphnes Cortex in 23 collection sites the correlation between components and ecological factors and soil factors was analyzed by statistical methods. The correlation analysis showed that the longitude, annual average rainfall, annual sunshine intensity, annual average temperature in the ecological factors, soil type, effective copper and pH value were the dominant factors affecting the chemical composition of Daphnes Cortex.

AtTRAPPC11/ROG2: A Role for TRAPPs in Maintenance of the Plant Trans-Golgi Network/Early Endosome Organization and Function.

The dynamic trans-Golgi network/early endosome (TGN/EE) facilitates cargo sorting and trafficking and plays a vital role in plant development and environmental response. Transport protein particles (TRAPPs) are multi-protein complexes acting as guanine nucleotide exchange factors and possibly as tethers, regulating intracellular trafficking. TRAPPs are essential in all eukaryotic cells and are implicated in a number of human diseases. It has been proposed that they also play crucial roles in plants; however, our current knowledge about the structure and function of plant TRAPPs is very limited. Here, we identified and characterized AtTRAPPC11/RESPONSE TO OLIGOGALACTURONIDE2 (AtTRAPPC11/ROG2), a TGN/EE-associated, evolutionarily conserved TRAPP protein in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). AtTRAPPC11/ROG2 regulates TGN integrity, as evidenced by altered TGN/EE association of several residents, including SYNTAXIN OF PLANTS61, and altered vesicle morphology in attrappc11/rog2 mutants. Furthermore, endocytic traffic and brefeldin A body formation are perturbed in attrappc11/rog2, suggesting a role for AtTRAPPC11/ROG2 in regulation of endosomal function. Proteomic analysis showed that AtTRAPPC11/ROG2 defines a hitherto uncharacterized TRAPPIII complex in plants. In addition, attrappc11/rog2 mutants are hypersensitive to salinity, indicating an undescribed role of TRAPPs in stress responses. Overall, our study illustrates the plasticity of the endomembrane system through TRAPP protein functions and opens new avenues to explore this dynamic network.