Recommendations for managing adult acne and adolescent acne based on an epidemiological study conducted in China.

There are numerous differences between adult acne and adolescent acne in terms of causes, distribution, and characteristics of skin lesions, as well as treatment. This paper aims to summarize the differences between adult and adolescent acne in China, in order to propose more suitable ways to improve their quality of life. We collected basic information, acne-related information, acne-affecting factors, quality of life scores and treatment-related information of acne patients. A total of 552 questionnaires were collected. Adult acne is typically predominant on the cheeks, similar to adolescent acne, with a relatively lower incidence in other areas, apart from the jawline. Pigmentation and depressed scars are present in nearly half of acne patients, while hypertrophic scars are less frequently observed. Teenagers often have a higher consumption of dairy products, sugary drinks, and high-sugar and high-fat foods. Eczema is more common in adult acne. Additionally, more adults than teenagers experience stress and poor quality of life related to acne. Adolescents are more likely to seek treatment online and on social media. Clinicians must thoroughly evaluate diverse risk factors and formulate personalized acne management strategies for patients with different types of acne.

MiR-135 post-transcriptionally regulates FOXO1 expression and promotes cell proliferation in human malignant melanoma cells.

Malignant melanoma is the deadliest form of all skin cancers. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by targeted repression of transcription and translation and play essential roles during cancer development. Our study showed that miR-135a is upregulated in malignant melanoma tissues and cell lines by using Real-time PCR assay. Enforced expression of miR-135a in malignant melanoma cells promotes cell proliferation, tumorigenicity, and cell cycle progression, whereas inhibition of miR-135a reverses the function. Additionally, we demonstrated FOXO1 is a direct target of miR-135a and transcriptionally down-regulated by miR-135a. Ectopic expression of miR-135a led to downregulation of the FOXO1 protein, resulting in upregulation of Cyclin D1, and downregulation of P21(Cip1) and P27(Kip1) through AKT pathway. Our findings suggested that miR-135a represents a potential onco-miRNA and plays an important role in malignant melanoma progression by suppressing FOXO1 expression.

24 Y-chromosomal STR haplotypic polymorphisms for Chinese Uygur ethnic group and its phylogenic analysis with other Chinese groups.

The Uygur ethnic minority is the largest ethnic group in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China, and is a precious resource for the study of ethnogeny and forensic biology. Previous studies have focused on the genetic background of the Uygur group, however, the patrilineal descent of the group is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the genetic diversity of 24 Y-STR loci in the Uygur group and analyzed the population differentiations as well as the genetic relationships between the Uygur group and other previously reported populations using 17 Y-filer loci. According to haplotypic analysis of the 24 Y-STR loci in 109 Uygur individuals, 104 different haplotypes were obtained, 99 of which were unique. The haplotypic diversity and discrimination capacity of these 24 Y-STR loci in Uygur group were 0.9992 and 0.9541, respectively. An additional 7 loci (DYS388, DYS444, DYS447, DYS449, DYS522, and DYS527a,b) showed high genetic diversity and improved the overall discrimination capacity of the 24 Y-STR system. Pairwise Fst and neighbor-joining analysis showed that the Uygur group was genetically close to the Han populations from different regions.

[Effect of curcumin on IL-17-induced nitric oxide production and expression of iNOS in human keratinocytes].

AIM: To investigate the effect of curcumin on IL-17-induced NO production, mRNA and protein expression of iNOS in human keratinocyte cell lines(HaCaT cells). METHODS: HaCaT cells were stimulated with IL-17 and incubated with three doses of curcumin for 24h in vitro. After collections of supernatant, total RNA and protein, NO levels in supernatant were detected and fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot were performed to determine the effect of curcumin on NO levels and iNOS. RESULTS: IL-17 increased NO levels, and expression of iNOS in HaCaT cells(P<0.01). Curcumin decreased IL-17 induced NO production and the iNOS expression at mRNA (P<0.01) and protein (P<0.01) levels significantly. CONCLUSION: Curcumin down-regulates IL-17-induced NO secretions and iNOS expression in HaCaT cells, thus provides a theoretical basis for the treatment of inflammatory diseases of skin related to keratinocytes.

[A novel retinoid CD437 induces apoptosis of human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of a novel retinoid CD437 and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in inducing cell apoptosis and inhibiting the proliferation of human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells and normal human epidermal keratinocytes. METHODS: MTT assay was used to determine the inhibitory effects of CD437 and ATRA on the growth of A431 cells and normal human epidermal keratinocytes, and the cell morphological changes were observed microscopically. Flow cytometry was used to investigate the effect of CD437 and ATRA on the cell cycle and apoptosis. RESULTS: CD437 was more effective than ATRA in inhibiting the proliferation of A431 cells and normal human epidermal keratinocytes. CD437 increased the percentage of sub-G1 populations in A431 cells and induced G1 arrest in normal human epidermal keratinocytes. ATRA appeared to be relatively ineffective for inducing apoptosis in A431 cells as compared to CD437. CD437 did not duce obvious apoptosis in normal human epidermal keratinocytes. CONCLUSION: CD437 is more effective than ATRA in inhibiting the proliferation and inducing apoptosis in A431 cells and shows selective apoptosis-inducing effect against malignant keratinocytes, suggesting its potential in the prevention or treatment of cutaneous carcinoma.