RESUMO
Heat stroke (HS) is a critical condition with extremely high mortality. Heat acclimation (HA) is widely recognized as the best measure to prevent and protect against HS. Preventive administration of oral rehydration salts III (ORSIII) and probiotics have been reported to sustain intestinal function in cases of HS. This study established a rat model of HA that was treated with probiotics-based ORS (ORSP) during consecutive 21-day HA training. The results showed that HA with ORSP could attenuate HS-induced hyperthermia by regulating thermoregulatory response. We also found that HA with ORSP could significantly alleviate HS-induced multiple organ injuries. The expression levels of a series of heat-shock proteins (HSPs), including HSP90, HSP70, HSP60, and HSP40, were significantly up-regulated from the HA training. The increases in intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP) and D-Lactate typically seen during HS were decreased through HA. The representative TJ proteins including ZO-1, E-cadherin, and JAM-1 were found to be significantly down-regulated by HS, but sustained following HA. The ultrastructure of TJ was examined by TEM, which confirmed its protective effect on the intestinal barrier protection following HA. We also demonstrated that HA raised the intestinal levels of beneficial bacteria Lactobacillus and lowered those of the harmful bacteria Streptococcus through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. These findings suggest that HA with ORSP was proven to improve intestinal thermotolerance and the levels of protective gut microbiota against HS.
RESUMO
Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have numerous applications in the field of carbon nanomaterials. However, the associated toxicity concerns have increased significantly because of their widespread use. The inhalation of MWCNTs can lead to nanoparticle deposition in the lung tissue, causing inflammation and health risks. In this study, celastrol, a natural plant medicine with potent anti-inflammatory properties, effectively reduced the number of inflammatory cells, including white blood cells, neutrophils, and lymphocytes, and levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1ß, IL-6, and TNF-α, in mice lungs exposed to MWCNTs. Moreover, celastrol inhibited the activation of the NF-κB-signaling pathway. This study confirmed these findings by demonstrating comparable reductions in inflammation upon exposure to MWCNTs in mice with the deletion of NF-κB (P50-/-). These results indicate the utility of celastrol as a promising pharmacological agent for preventing MWCNT-induced lung tissue inflammation.
Assuntos
Nanotubos de Carbono , Triterpenos Pentacíclicos , Pneumonia , Transdução de Sinais , Triterpenos , Animais , Masculino , Camundongos , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar/citologia , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar/química , Citocinas/metabolismo , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Pulmão/patologia , Pulmão/metabolismo , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Nanotubos de Carbono/toxicidade , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Triterpenos Pentacíclicos/farmacologia , Pneumonia/induzido quimicamente , Pneumonia/tratamento farmacológico , Pneumonia/prevenção & controle , Pneumonia/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Triterpenos/farmacologiaRESUMO
Jinmao Jiedu granule is a Chinese medicine preparation consisting of Actinidia valvata Dunn, Salvia chinensis Benth, Iphigenia indica Kunth, and chicken gizzard. For many years, it has been employed in adjuvant therapy for cancer, especially liver cancer. However, the potential toxicity of the granule has not been reported. The present study aimed to assess the repeated-dose toxicity of orally administered Jinmao Jiedu granules for Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. SD rats were orally administered Jinmao Jiedu granules at doses of 2.85, 5.70, and 11.40 g/kg in a 28-day subchronic toxicity study. No adverse clinical signs associated with treatment were noted throughout the experiment. There were no treatment-related toxicity alterations in body weight, hematology, clinical biochemistry, urinalysis, necropsy, and histopathology in rats compared with the control group. The No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) of the Jinmao Jiedu granule was higher than 11.40 g/kg/day in rats.
Assuntos
Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Animais , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/toxicidade , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/administração & dosagem , Ratos , Masculino , Administração Oral , Feminino , Nível de Efeito Adverso não Observado , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Testes de Toxicidade Subcrônica , Tamanho do Órgão/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Cohesin is a multi-subunit protein that plays a pivotal role in holding sister chromatids together during cell division. Sister chromatid cohesion 3 (SCC3), constituents of cohesin complex, is highly conserved from yeast to mammals. Since the deletion of individual cohesin subunit always causes lethality, it is difficult to dissect its biological function in both mitosis and meiosis. Here, we obtained scc3 weak mutants using CRISPR-Cas9 system to explore its function during rice mitosis and meiosis. The scc3 weak mutants displayed obvious vegetative defects and complete sterility, underscoring the essential roles of SCC3 in both mitosis and meiosis. SCC3 is localized on chromatin from interphase to prometaphase in mitosis. However, in meiosis, SCC3 acts as an axial element during early prophase I and subsequently situates onto centromeric regions following the disassembly of the synaptonemal complex. The loading of SCC3 onto meiotic chromosomes depends on REC8. scc3 shows severe defects in homologous pairing and synapsis. Consequently, SCC3 functions as an axial element that is essential for maintaining homologous chromosome pairing and synapsis during meiosis.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Ciclo Celular , Proteínas Cromossômicas não Histona , Pareamento Cromossômico , Meiose , Oryza , Meiose/genética , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/genética , Oryza/genética , Proteínas Cromossômicas não Histona/metabolismo , Proteínas Cromossômicas não Histona/genética , Coesinas , Mitose , Complexo Sinaptonêmico/metabolismo , Complexo Sinaptonêmico/genética , Sistemas CRISPR-CasRESUMO
Oceans are ultimately a sink of plastic waste. Complex artificial coastlines pose remarkable challenges for coastal plastic waste monitoring. With the development of machine learning methods, high detection accuracy can be achieved; however, many false positives have been noted in various network models used for plastic waste investigation. In this study, extensive surveys of artificial coastlines were conducted using drones along the Dongjiang Port artificial coastline in the Binhai District, Tianjin, China. The deep learning model YOLOv8 was enhanced by integrating the InceptionNeXt and LSK modules into the network to improve its detection accuracy for plastic waste and reduce instances of tourists being misidentified as plastic. In total, 553 high-resolution coastline images with 3488 items of detected plastic waste were compared using the original and improved YOLOv8 models. The improved YOLOv8s-IL model achieved a detection rate of 64.9%, a notable increase of 11.5% compared with that of the original model. The number of false positives in the improved YOLOv8s-IL model was reduced to 32.3%, the multi-class F-score reached 76.5%, and the average detection time per image was only 2.7 s. The findings of this study provide technical support for future large-scale monitoring of plastic waste on artificial coastlines.
Assuntos
Monitoramento Ambiental , Aprendizado de Máquina , Plásticos , Plásticos/análise , China , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , TurismoRESUMO
High-rate lithium/sodium ion batteries or capacitors are the most promising functional units to achieve fast energy storage that highly depends on charge host materials. Host materials with lamellar structures are a good choice for hybrid charge storage hosts (capacitor or redox type). Emerging layered transition metal carbo-chalcogenides (TMCC) with homogeneous sulfur termination are especially attractive for charge storage. Using density functional theory calculations, six of 30 potential TMCC are screened to be stable, metallic, anisotropic in electronic conduction and mechanical properties due to the lamellar structures. Raman, infrared active modes and frequencies of the six TMCC are well assigned. Interlayer coupling, especially binding energies predict that the bulk layered materials can be easily exfoliated into 2D monolayers. Moreover, Ti2S2C, Zr2S2C are identified as the most gifted Li+/Na+ anode materials with relatively high capacities, moderate volume expansion, relatively low Li+/Na+ migration barriers for batteries or ion-hybrid capacitors. This work provides a foundation for rational materials design, synthesis, and identification of the emerging 2D family of TMCC.
RESUMO
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a life-threatening interstitial lung disease. Identifying biomarkers for early diagnosis is of great clinical importance. The epididymis protein 4 (HE4) is important in the process of inflammation and fibrosis in the epididymis. Its prognostic value in IPF, however, has not been studied. The mRNA and protein levels of HE4 were used to determine the prognostic value in different patient cohorts. In this study, prognostic nomograms were generated based on the results of the cox regression analysis. We identified the HE4 protein level increased in IPF patients, but not the HE4 gene expression. The increased expression of HE4 correlated positively with a poor prognosis for patients with IPF. The HR and 95% CI were 2.62 (1.61-4.24) (p < 0.001) in the training set. We constructed a model based on the risk-score = 0.16222182 * HE4 + 0/0.37580659/1.05003609 (for GAP index 0-3/4-5/6-8) + (- 1.1183375). In both training and validation sets, high-risk patients had poor prognoses (HR: 3.49, 95%CI 2.10-5.80, p = 0.001) and higher likelihood of dying (HR: 6.00, 95%CI 2.04-17.67, p = 0.001). Analyses of calibration curves and decision curves suggest that the method is effective in predicting outcomes. Furthermore, a similar formulation was used in a protein-based model based on HE4 that also showed prognostic value when applied to IPF patients. Accordingly, HE4 is an independent poor prognosis factor, and it has the potential to predict IPF patient survival.
Assuntos
Fibrose Pulmonar Idiopática , Nomogramas , Humanos , Fibrose Pulmonar Idiopática/diagnóstico , Fibrose Pulmonar Idiopática/genética , Prognóstico , Biomarcadores , Análise de RegressãoRESUMO
Many oncology drugs have been found to induce cardiotoxicity in a subset of patients, which significantly limits their clinical use and impedes the benefit of lifesaving anticancer treatments. Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) carry donor-specific genetic information and have been proposed for exploring the interindividual difference in oncology drug-induced cardiotoxicity. Herein, we evaluated the inter- and intraindividual variability of iPSC-CM-related assays and presented a proof of concept to prospectively predict doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC) using donor-specific iPSC-CMs. Our findings demonstrated that donor-specific iPSC-CMs exhibited greater line-to-line variability than the intraindividual variability in impedance cytotoxicity and transcriptome assays. The variable and dose-dependent cytotoxic responses of iPSC-CMs resembled those observed in clinical practice and largely replicated the reported mechanisms. By categorizing iPSC-CMs into resistant and sensitive cell lines based on their time- and concentration-related phenotypic responses to DOX, we found that the sensitivity of donor-specific iPSC-CMs to DOX may predict in vivo DIC risk. Furthermore, we identified a differentially expressed gene, DND microRNA-mediated repression inhibitor 1 (DND1), between the DOX-resistant and DOX-sensitive iPSC-CMs. Our results support the utilization of donor-specific iPSC-CMs in assessing interindividual differences in DIC. Further studies will encompass a large panel of donor-specific iPSC-CMs to identify potential novel molecular and genetic biomarkers for predicting DOX and other oncology drug-induced cardiotoxicity.
Assuntos
Cardiotoxicidade , Doxorrubicina , Células-Tronco Pluripotentes Induzidas , Miócitos Cardíacos , Estudo de Prova de Conceito , Doxorrubicina/toxicidade , Células-Tronco Pluripotentes Induzidas/efeitos dos fármacos , Células-Tronco Pluripotentes Induzidas/metabolismo , Humanos , Miócitos Cardíacos/efeitos dos fármacos , Miócitos Cardíacos/metabolismo , Miócitos Cardíacos/patologia , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/toxicidade , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Antineoplásicos/toxicidadeRESUMO
Endothelial barrier disruption plays a key role in the pathophysiology of heat stroke (HS). Knockout of DNAJA1 (DNAJA1KO) is thought to be protective against HS based on a genomewide CRISPRCas9 screen experiment. The present study aimed to illustrate the function of DNAJA1KO against HS in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. DNAJA1KO cells were infected using a lentivirus to investigate the role of DNAJA1KO in HSinduced endothelial barrier disruption. It was shown that DNAJA1KO could ameliorate decreased cell viability and increased cell injury, according to the results of Cell Counting Kit8 and lactate dehydrogenase assays. Moreover, HSinduced endothelial cell apoptosis was inhibited by DNAJA1KO, as indicated by Annexin VFITC/PI staining and cleavedcaspase3 expression using flow cytometry and western blotting, respectively. Furthermore, the endothelial barrier function, as measured by transepithelial electrical resistance and FITCDextran, was sustained during HS. DNAJA1KO was not found to have a significant effect on the expression and distribution of cell junction proteins under normal conditions without HS. However, DNAJA1KO could effectively protect the HSinduced decrease in the expression and distribution of cell junction proteins, including zonula occludens1, claudin5, junctional adhesion molecule A and occludin. A total of 4,394 proteins were identified using proteomic analysis, of which 102 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were activated in HSinduced wildtype cells and inhibited by DNAJA1KO. DEPs were investigated by enrichment analysis, which demonstrated significant enrichment in the 'calcium signaling pathway' and associations with vascularbarrier regulation. Furthermore, the 'myosin lightchain kinase (MLCK)MLC signaling pathway' was proven to be activated by HS and inhibited by DNAJA1KO, as expected. Moreover, DNAJA1KO mice and a HS mouse model were established to demonstrate the protective effects on endothelial barrier in vivo. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggested that DNAJA1KO alleviates HSinduced endothelial barrier disruption by improving thermal tolerance and suppressing the MLCKMLC signaling pathway.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP40 , Golpe de Calor , Animais , Humanos , Camundongos , Golpe de Calor/genética , Golpe de Calor/metabolismo , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP40/genética , Células Endoteliais da Veia Umbilical Humana , Camundongos Knockout , Proteômica , Transdução de SinaisRESUMO
The contamination of sediments by toxic metals poses a significant threat to both river ecosystems and human health. In this study, the geo-accumulation index (Igeo), biotoxicity evaluation method, and potential ecological risk index (RI) were employed to analyze the contamination level, biotoxicity risk, and potential ecological risk of toxic metals in surface sediments of the Xiaoqing River. To identify toxic metal sources, Spearman correlation and principal component analysis with multiple linear regression analysis (PCA-MLR) were employed. Additionally, redundancy analysis (RDA) was utilized to investigate potential driving factors affecting toxic metal accumulation in sediments. The results revealed that the levels of the five investigated metals (Cr, Pb, As, Hg, and Cd) showed constant fluctuations during the period 1996-2020. The midstream was found to be more polluted than the upstream and downstream. In the research area, Hg was identified as the primary contaminant with high levels of contamination, posing a biotoxicity risk and potential ecological risk. Pollution sources were identified for two periods: A (1996-2010) and B (2011-2020), with industrial, agricultural, traffic, and natural sources being the main contributors. During period A, industrial sources accounted for the highest proportion (40.8%), followed by agricultural sources (36.6%), and geological natural sources (22.6%). During period B, agricultural sources accounted for the highest proportion (42%), followed by industrial and traffic sources (32.4%), and geological natural sources (25.6%). The distribution of toxic metals in the basin was significantly influenced by water pH, sediment organic matter, population density, and per capita GDP. The study results provide fundamental data for preventing pollution and managing water resources contaminated with toxic metals in the sediments of the Xiaoqing River in Jinan. Additionally, it serves as a reference for analyzing related ecological and environmental issues in the basin.
Assuntos
Monitoramento Ambiental , Sedimentos Geológicos , Rios , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Sedimentos Geológicos/análise , Sedimentos Geológicos/química , Rios/química , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , China , Medição de Risco , Metais Pesados/análiseRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To observe the residual of lumbago and leg pain with contained type ï¼CTï¼ and non-contained type ï¼NCTï¼ lumbar disc herniation ï¼LDHï¼ after transforaminal endoscopic treatment, and to explore the role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1αï¼HIF-1αï¼ and transient receptor potential vanillate 1ï¼TRPV1ï¼ pathway. METHODS: A total of 68 single-segment LDH patients were selected from July 2021 to October 2022, including 44 males and 24 femalesï¼aged 26 to 67 years old with an average ofï¼43.63±11.94ï¼ years oldï¼course of disease was 4 to 36 ï¼18.91±10.34ï¼ monthsï¼body mass index was ï¼24.45±4.00ï¼ kg·m-2ï¼there were 7 cases of L3,4 segments, 32 cases of L4,5 segments, and 29 cases of L5S1 segments. All of them were performed with percutaneous intervertebral endoscopic extraction of nucleus pulposus and were divided into contained groupï¼CT groupï¼ and non-contained group ï¼NCT groupï¼ with 34 cases respectively according to the integrity of outer layer of fibrous annulus observed during operation. A total of 17 patients who underwent open surgery for scoliosis or vertebral fracture were selected as control group, including 12 males and 5 femalesï¼aged 21 to 65 years old with an average of ï¼39.41±12.80ï¼ years oldï¼body mass index was ï¼24.86±4.11ï¼ kg·m-2. The relative mRNA expression quantity of HIF-1α, TRPV1 in nucleus pulposus were measured by quantitative real-time PCR. The contents of neurokinin 1 receptor ï¼NK1Rï¼, nerve growth factor ï¼NGFï¼, vascular endothelial growth factor ï¼VEGFï¼ in nucleus pulposus and the serum substance P ï¼SPï¼ and calcitonin gene-related peptide ï¼CGRPï¼ were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ï¼ELISAï¼. The threshold of lumbar tenderness was detected by a pressure pain meter. The degree of lumbago and lumbar function were evaluated by visual analog scale ï¼VASï¼ and Oswestry disability index ï¼ODIï¼ separately. The residual rate of postoperative lumbago and leg pain was assessed. RESULTS: The mRNA relative expression quantity of HIF-1α and TRPV1, and the contents of NK1R, NGF and VEGF in nucleus pulposus, and the levels of serum SP and CGRP before surgery in the NCT group were higher than those in the CT groupï¼P<0.05ï¼, and those in the CT group were higher than the control groupï¼P<0.05ï¼. At day 7 after surgery, the serum SP and CGRP levels, lumbago and leg pain VAS scores and lumbar ODI index in two LDH groups were lower than before surgery ï¼P<0.05ï¼, and those in the NCT group were higher than the CT groupï¼P<0.05ï¼, and the threshold of lumbar tenderness in the NCT group was lower than the CT groupï¼P<0.05ï¼. The differences of lumbago and leg pain VAS scores, lumbar ODI index and lumbar tenderness threshold between preoperative and postoperative 7 days in the NCT group were lower than those in the CT groupï¼P<0.05ï¼. The residual rate of lumbago and leg pain at 7 days after surgery in the NCT group was higher than that in the CT groupï¼P<0.05ï¼. CONCLUSION: HIF-1α and TRPV1 pathway promoted the excessive production of NGF, VEGF, NK1R in nucleus pulposus and serum neuropeptides SP and CGRP, which may lead to the higher residual rate of lumbago and leg pain with non-contained lumbar disc herniation postoperative.
Assuntos
Discotomia Percutânea , Deslocamento do Disco Intervertebral , Dor Lombar , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Adulto Jovem , Deslocamento do Disco Intervertebral/cirurgia , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular , Perna (Membro)/cirurgia , Peptídeo Relacionado com Gene de Calcitonina , Fator de Crescimento Neural , Resultado do Tratamento , Vértebras Lombares/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Endoscopia , RNA MensageiroRESUMO
The active component of copper-based materials for electrocatalytic nitrate reduction to ammonia (NRA) remains unclear due to the susceptibility of oxidation of copper. Using density functional theory calculations, NRA pathways are evaluated on low-index crystal surfaces Cu2O (111), CuO (111), and Cu (111) at different pH. Cu2O (111), with abundant undercoordinated Cu atoms on the surface, shows easier adsorption of NO3- than Cu (111) or CuO (111). NRA on CuO (111) is hindered by the large ΔG of adsorption of NO3- and hydrogenation of *NO. Thus, Cu (111) and Cu2O (111) contribute most to the NRA activity while CuO (111) is inert. Three key steps of NRA on copper-based catalysts are identified: adsorption of NO3-, *NO â *NOH/*NHO, and *NH3 desorption, as the three can be rate-determining steps depending on the local environment. Moreover, previous experimentally detected NH2OH on copper-based catalysts may come from the NRA on Cu2O (111) as the most probable pathway on Cu2O (111) is NO3- â *NO3 â *NO2 â *NO â *NHO â *NHOH â *NH2OH â *NH2 â *NH3 â *NH3(g). At high reduction potential, CuOx would be reduced into Cu, so the effective active substance for NRA in a strong reduction environment is Cu.
RESUMO
Tea is a popular beverage with characteristic functional and flavor qualities, known to be rich in bioactive metabolites such as tea polyphenols and theanine. Recently, tea varieties with variations in leaf color have been widely used in agriculture production due to their potential advantages in terms of tea quality. Numerous studies have used genome, transcriptome, metabolome, proteome, and lipidome methods to uncover the causes of leaf color variations and investigate their impacts on the accumulation of crucial bioactive metabolites in tea plants. Through a comprehensive review of various omics investigations, we note that decreased expression levels of critical genes in the biosynthesis of chlorophyll and carotenoids, activated chlorophyll degradation, and an impaired photosynthetic chain function are related to the chlorina phenotype in tea plants. For purple-leaf tea, increased expression levels of late biosynthetic genes in the flavonoid synthesis pathway and anthocyanin transport genes are the major and common causes of purple coloration. We have also summarized the influence of leaf color variation on amino acid, polyphenol, and lipid contents and put forward possible causes of these metabolic changes. Finally, this review further proposes the research demands in this field in the future.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of microRNA (miR)-193a in promoting apoptosis of retinal neuronal cells in early diabetic (DM) rats. METHODS: Seventy-two male SD-grade rats were selected to establish a DM model by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ), and randomly divided into a control group (blank control group), a DM group (diabetic model group), a DM+miR-NC inhibitor group (miR-193a inhibition negative control group), a DM+miR-193a inhibitor group (miR-193a inhibitor group), DM+miR-NC mimic group (miR-193a overexpression negative control group), DM+miR-193a mimic group (miR-193a overexpression group), with12 rats in each group. RESULTS: The miR-193a expression, apoptosis rate, and Bax, Caspase3, and Caspase9 protein expression levels were elevated, and Bcl-2 protein expression was decreased in the retinal tissues of DM rats and high glucose-induced rat retinal neuronal cells, while miR-193a inhibitors reversed these processes. These dual luciferase reporter assay showed that WT1CDS, and WT1Mut were lower in the miR-193a group than in the miR-NC group (P<0.05); WT1 protein expression was reduced in the retinal tissues of DM rat and high glucose-induced rat retinal neuronal cells, and miR-193a inhibitors increased WT1 protein expression. Compared with cells co-transfected with miR-193a and WT1vector, miR-193a and WT1 cotransfection inhibited high glucose-induced apoptosis in retinal neuronal cells and regulated apoptotic protein expression. miR-193a was highly expressed and WT1 was lowly expressed in retinal tissues of DM rats and high glucose-induced rat retinal neuronal cells. CONCLUSION: miR-193a could inhibit early retinal neuronal cell apoptosis in DM rats by targeting and negatively regulating WT1 expression.
Assuntos
Apoptose , Diabetes Mellitus , MicroRNAs , Neurônios Retinianos , Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Apoptose/genética , Genes do Tumor de Wilms , Glucose , MicroRNAs/genética , Proteínas WT1 , Neurônios Retinianos/metabolismoRESUMO
KEY MESSAGE: We detected the major QTL- qSR.A07, which regulated stem strength and was fine-mapped to 490 kb. BnaA07G0302800ZS and BnaA07G0305700ZS as the candidate functional genes were identified at qSR.A07 locus. The stem's mechanical properties reflect its ability to resist lodging. In rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), although stem lodging negatively affects yield and generates harvesting difficulties, the molecular regulation of stem strength remains elusive. Hence, this study aimed to unravel the main loci and molecular mechanisms governing rapeseed stem strength. A mapping population consisting of 267 RILs (recombinant inbred lines) was developed from the crossed between ZS11 (high stem strength) and 4D122 (low stem strength), and two mechanical properties of stems including stem breaking strength and stem rind penetrometer resistance were phenotyped in four different environments. Four pleiotropic QTLs that were stable in at least two environments were detected. qSR.A07, the major one, was fine-mapped to a 490 kb interval between markers SA7-2711 and SA7-2760 on chromosome 7. It displayed epistatic interaction with qRPR.A09-2. Comparative transcriptome sequencing and analysis unveiled methionine/S-adenosylmethionine cycle (Met/SAM cycle), cytoskeleton organization, sulfur metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis as the main pathways associated with high stem strength. Further, we identified two candidate genes, BnaA07G0302800ZS and BnaA07G0305700ZS, at qSR.A07 locus. Gene sequence alignment identified a number of InDels, SNPs and amino acid variants in sequences of these genes between ZS11 and 4D122. Finally, based on these genetic variants, we developed three SNP markers of these genes to facilitate future genetic selection and functional studies. These findings offer important genetic resources for the molecular-assisted breeding of novel rapeseed stem lodging-resistant varieties.
Assuntos
Brassica napus , Brassica rapa , Brassica napus/genética , Transcriptoma , Mapeamento Cromossômico , Locos de Características QuantitativasRESUMO
Although low-cost nanozymes with excellent stability have demonstrated the potential to be highly beneficial for nanocatalytic therapy (NCT), their unsatisfactory catalytic activity accompanied by intricate tumor microenvironment (TME) significantly hinders the therapeutic effect of NCT. Herein, for the first time, a heterojunction (HJ)-fabricated sonoresponsive and NIR-II-photoresponsive nanozyme is reported by assembling carbon dots (CDs) onto TiCN nanosheets. The narrow bandgap and mixed valences of Ti3+ and Ti4+ endow TiCN with the capability to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) when exposed to ultrasound (US), as well as the dual enzyme-like activities of peroxidase and glutathione peroxidase. Moreover, the catalytic activities and sonodynamic properties of the TiCN nanosheets are boosted by the formation of HJs owing to the increased speed of carrier transfer and the enhanced electron-hole separation. More importantly, the introduction of CDs with excellent NIR-II photothermal properties could achieve mild hyperthermia (43 °C) and thereby further improve the NCT and sonodynamic therapy (SDT) performances of CD/TiCN. The synergetic therapeutic efficacy of CD/TiCN through mild hyperthermia-amplified NCT and SDT could realize "three-in-one" multimodal oncotherapy to completely eliminate tumors without recurrence. This study opens a new avenue for exploring sonoresponsive and NIR-II-photoresponsive nanozymes for efficient tumor therapy based on semiconductor HJs.
Assuntos
Hipertermia Induzida , Neoplasias , Humanos , Carbono , Manejo da Dor , Peroxidase , Peroxidases , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Microambiente TumoralRESUMO
A two-generation reproductive toxicity study was performed to evaluate the effects of cerium nitrate on the development of the parent, offspring, and third generation of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. A total of 240 SD rats (30 rats/sex/group) were randomly divided into four dosage groups according to body weight: 0 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg, 90 mg/kg, and 270 mg/kg. The rats were administered different dosages of cerium nitrate by oral gavage. There were no observed changes related to cerium nitrate in body weight, food consumption, sperm survival rate, motility, mating rate, conception rate, abortion rate, uterine plus fetal weight, uterine weight, corpus luteum number, implantation rate, live fetus number (rate), stillbirth number (rate), absorbed fetus number (rate), appearance, visceral, and skeletal in rats of each generation dosage group. In addition, the pathological findings showed no significant lesions associated with cerium nitrate toxicity in all tissues and organs, including reproductive organs. In conclusion, the present study showed that long-term oral gavage of cerium nitrate at 30 mg/kg, 90 mg/kg, and 270 mg/kg had no significant effect on reproduction and the developmental ability of their offspring in rats. The no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of cerium nitrate in SD rats was higher than 270 mg/kg.
Assuntos
Reprodução , Sêmen , Gravidez , Feminino , Ratos , Masculino , Animais , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Administração Oral , Peso CorporalRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Mortality rates after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) have significantly decreased in specialized centers. However, postoperative morbidity, particularly delayed gastric emptying (DGE), remains the most frequent complication following PD. AIM: To identify risk factors associated with DGE after the PD procedure. METHODS: In this retrospective, cross-sectional study, clinical data were collected from 114 patients who underwent PD between January 2015 and June 2018. Demographic factors, pre- and perioperative characteristics, and surgical complications were assessed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify risk factors for post-PD DGE. RESULTS: The study included 66 males (57.9%) and 48 females (42.1%), aged 33-83 years (mean: 62.5), with a male-to-female ratio of approximately 1.4:1. There were 63 cases (55.3%) of PD and 51 cases (44.7%) of pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy. Among the 114 patients who underwent PD, 33 (28.9%) developed postoperative DGE. Univariate analysis revealed significant differences in four of the 14 clinical indexes observed: pylorus preservation, retrocolonic anastomosis, postoperative abdominal complications, and early postoperative albumin (ALB). Logistic regression analysis further identified postoperative abdominal complications [odds ratio (OR) = 4.768, P = 0.002], preoperative systemic diseases (OR = 2.516, P = 0.049), and early postoperative ALB (OR = 1.195, P = 0.003) as significant risk factors. CONCLUSION: Postoperative severe abdominal complications, preoperative systemic diseases, and early postoperative ALB are identified as risk factors for post-PD DGE.
RESUMO
The accumulation of heavy metals in river sediment poses a major threat to ecological safety. The Xiaoqing River originates in western Jinan, with higher population density and per capita gross domestic product (GDP) in its basin compared to the Shandong province average. This study analyzed the spatial characteristics, ecological risk, human health risk, and contamination sources of heavy metals by collecting sediment samples from Xiaoqing River. We use the methods such as geo-accumulation index (Igeo), ecological risk assessment based on the interval number sorting method, and health risk assessment to evaluate the risk of heavy metals in sediments. The research finding suggests heavy metals including Pb, As, Ni, and Cr are low ecological risks, while Hg and Cd have reached high and extreme ecological risks. Correlation analysis and principal component analysis were used to analyze the correlation and sources of different heavy metals. The six heavy metals were categorized into three groups. Factor 1, comprising Hg, Cr, and Pb, was identified as a mixed source with a contribution rate of 37.76%. Factor 2 is an agricultural source and comprises Ni, Cd, and As with a contribution rate of 27.05%. Factor 3 includes Pb and Ni contributing to 15.30% as a natural source. This study offers valuable insights for the prevention of heavy metal pollution, as well as promoting sustainable urban development.
Assuntos
Mercúrio , Metais Pesados , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Humanos , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Rios , Cádmio/análise , Chumbo/análise , Sedimentos Geológicos/análise , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Metais Pesados/análise , Medição de Risco , Mercúrio/análise , ChinaRESUMO
Stem lodging resistance is a serious problem impairing crop yield and quality. ZS11 is an adaptable and stable yielding rapeseed variety with excellent resistance to lodging. However, the mechanism regulating lodging resistance in ZS11 remains unclear. Here, we observed that high stem mechanical strength is the main factor determining the superior lodging resistance of ZS11 through a comparative biology study. Compared with 4D122, ZS11 has higher rind penetrometer resistance (RPR) and stem breaking strength (SBS) at flowering and silique stages. Anatomical analysis shows that ZS11 exhibits thicker xylem layers and denser interfascicular fibrocytes. Analysis of cell wall components suggests that ZS11 possessed more lignin and cellulose during stem secondary development. By comparative transcriptome analysis, we reveal a relatively higher expression of genes required for S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) synthesis, and several key genes (4-COUMATATE-CoA LIGASE, CINNAMOYL-CoA REDUCTASE, CAFFEATE O-METHYLTRANSFERASE, PEROXIDASE) involved in lignin synthesis pathway in ZS11, which support an enhanced lignin biosynthesis ability in the ZS11 stem. Moreover, the difference in cellulose may relate to the significant enrichment of DEGs associated with microtubule-related process and cytoskeleton organization at the flowering stage. Protein interaction network analysis indicate that the preferential expression of several genes, such as LONESOME HIGHWAY (LHW), DNA BINDING WITH ONE FINGERS (DOFs), WUSCHEL HOMEOBOX RELATED 4 (WOX4), are related to vascular development and contribute to denser and thicker lignified cell layers in ZS11. Taken together, our results provide insights into the physiological and molecular regulatory basis for the formation of stem lodging resistance in ZS11, which will greatly promote the application of this superior trait in rapeseed breeding.