Multiple Myeloma Rather Than Metastatic Lung Cancer: An Unexpected Cause of Spinal Cord Compression.

Spinal cord compression caused by cancer metastasis is a medical emergency that should be managed positively. Both multiple myeloma and lung cancer can lead to metastatic deposits in the spinal column to induce compression of the spinal cord. However, co-occurring multiple myeloma and lung cancer in a single patient causing spinal cord compression are rarely reported in the literature. We describe a case of a 61-year-old female with multiple myeloma and lung cancer whose radiologic characteristics of spinal cord compression mimicked those of metastatic lung cancer. Finally, the diagnosis was multiple myeloma. We showed the systematic imaging manifestations of metastatic multiple myeloma and discussed their therapeutic management.

Clinicopathological characteristics and survival of malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the bone: A population-based study using the SEER database.

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the bone (MFH-B) is an extremely rare and aggressive malignancy. The clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of patients with MFH-B have not been defined. We conducted a retrospective study using the data of all MFH-B patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database between 1975 and 2016. Initially, the clinicopathological characteristics were described. The difference in prognosis between patients with MFH-B and those with osteosarcoma was compared using propensity score matching analysis. Then, the features affecting the prognosis of patients with MFH-B were further determined using Cox regression analysis. A total of 318 patients with MFH-B were identified. The median overall survival (mOS) of all 318 patients with MFH-B was 29.0 months. The 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10- year survival rates were 67.4%, 53.6%, 38.7%, and 28.7%, respectively. The multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that older age, distant metastases, and flat bone lesion were independent factors for worse prognosis, whereas surgery was an independent factor for favorable survival, and this intervention could decrease risk of death by 61% (HR = 0.39, 95% CI 0.28-0.54). Apart from this, the prognosis of patients with MFH-B was significantly worse than that of patients with osteosarcoma in both unmatched and matched cohorts. In conclusion, MFH-B is a rare malignant bone cancer, with relatively worse prognosis than osteosarcoma. Older age, distant metastases, flat bone lesion, and surgery were independently associated with prognosis. In order to understand this disease more thoroughly and accurately, more cases with adequate information are required in the future.

The association of XRCC1 polymorphism with osteosarcoma risk, clinicopathologic features, and prognosis in a Chinese Han population.

INTRODUCTION: The association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms at X-ray repair cross-complementing group-1 (XRCC1) with osteosarcoma (OS) development has not been fully clear to date. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the association of XRCC1 polymorphisms with risk, clinicopathologic features, and prognosis in Chinese OS patients. METHODS: A total of 146 patients with primary OS and 248 age- and gender-matched controls were included in the present study. The frequencies of four XRCC1 polymorphisms (rs25487, rs1799782, rs25489, and rs3213245) were determined between OS patients and controls. The association of XRCC1 polymorphism with clinicopathologic characteristics, prognosis, and XRCC1 expression was further evaluated. RESULTS: Compared with TT genotype, individuals carrying the minor C allele (TC+ CC) of rs3213245 had significantly increased risk of OS development (OR =1.83, 95% CI 1.14-3.00). OS patients carrying TC genotype and C allele at rs3213245 were more likely to be with larger tumor size and metastasis. Survival analysis demonstrated that OS patients carrying C allele (TC + CC) at rs3213245 had shorter survival time than those with TT genotype. The T to C substitution at rs3213245 could decrease XRCC1 gene transcriptional activity in vitro. XRCC1 mRNA and protein expression levels were lower in OS patients carrying TC or CC genotype at rs3213245. Besides, no significant association of rs25487, rs1799782, and rs25489 with OS was observed. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, these findings revealed that XRCC1 rs3213245 polymorphism was associated with increased risk of OS, which could affect XRCC1 expression in vitro and in vivo.

A comparative research on obesity hypertension by the comparisons and associations between waist circumference, body mass index with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and the clinical laboratory data between four special Chinese adult groups.

BACKGROUND: The obesity-hypertension pathogenesis is complex. From the phenotype to molecular mechanism, there is a long way to clarify the mechanism. To explore the association between obesity and hypertension, we correlate the phenotypes such as the waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SB), and diastolic blood pressure (DB) with the clinical laboratory data between four specific Chinese adult physical examination groups (newly diagnosed untreated just-obesity group, newly diagnosed untreated obesity-hypertension group, newly diagnosed untreated just-hypertension group, and normal healthy group), and the results may show something. OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanisms from obesity to hypertension by analyzing the correlations and differences between WC, BMI, SB, DB, and other clinical laboratory data indices in four specific Chinese adult physical examination groups. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2012 to July 2014, and 153 adult subjects, 34 women and 119 men, from 21 to 69 years, were taken from four characteristic Chinese adult physical examination groups (newly diagnosed untreated just-obesity group, newly diagnosed untreated obesity-hypertension group, newly diagnosed untreated just-hypertension group, and normal healthy group). The study was approved by the ethics committee of Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention. WC, BMI, SB, DB, and other clinical laboratory data were collected and analyzed by SPSS. RESULTS: Serum levels of albumin (ALB)，alanine aminotransferase (ALT), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), uric acid (Ua), and TC/HDLC (odds ratio) were statistically significantly different between the four groups. WC statistically significantly positively correlated with BMI, ALT, Ua, and serum levels of glucose (GLU), and TC/HDLC, and negatively with ALB, HDLC, and serum levels of conjugated bilirubin (CB). BMI was statistically significantly positively related to ALT, Ua, LDLC, WC, and TC/HDLC, and negatively to ALB, HDLC, and CB. DB statistically significantly positively correlated with ALP, BMI, and WC. SB was statistically significantly positively related to LDLC, GLU, serum levels of fructosamine (FA), serum levels of the total protein (TC), BMI, and WC. CONCLUSION: The negative body effects of obesity are comprehensive. Obesity may lead to hypertension through multiple ways by different percents. GGT, serum levels of gamma glutamyltransferase; ALB, serum levels of albumin; ALT, serum levels of alanine aminotransferase; LDLC, serum levels of low density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, serum levels of triglyceride; HDLC, serum levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol; FA, serum levels of fructosamine; S.C.R, serum levels of creatinine; IB, serum levels of indirect bilirubin; ALP, serum levels of alkaline phosphatase; CB, serum levels of conjugated bilirubin; UREA, Urea; Ua, serum levels of uric acid; GLU, serum levels of glucose; TC, serum levels of the total cholesterol; TB, serum levels of the total bilirubin; TP, serum levels of the total protein; TC/HDLC, TC/HDLC ratio.

Validation of the Simplified Chinese-character Version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Long Form in Urban Community-dwelling Adults: a Cross-sectional Study in Hangzhou, China.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the test-retest reliability and criterion validity of the Simplified Chinese-character version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Long form (IPAQ-L) in urban community-dwelling adults in Hanghzou, China. METHODS: A total of 158 eligible participants aged 25-59 years from 6 neighbourhoods in two central districts of Hangzhou completed the IPAQ-L questionnaire twice within a 7-day interval. Half of the subjects wore pedometers during the first 7 days. Test-retest reliability was examined by comparing the first (Day 1) and the second (Day 9) survey of IPAQ-L. Criterion validity was assessed by comparing IPAQ-L with pedometer data. RESULTS: Modest to good test-retest reliability was found with intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.67 for total PA, 0.37 to 0.73 for specific dimensions, and 0.56 to 0.71 for different intensities of PA. Total PA measured by IPAQ-L was moderately correlated with exercise levels (partial r = 0.27, P = 0.020) and walking distance (partial r = 0.31, P = 0.007), which were measured by a pedometer, after adjusting for gender, age, educational attainment and employment status. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that the IPAQ-L is a reliable and validated measure for assessing physical activity levels in this population and possibly the adult population in other mainland Chinese cities.

Family influences on physical activity and sedentary behaviours in Chinese junior high school students: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Family influence plays an important role in a child's physical activity (PA). This study aimed to describe the level of moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behaviours among Chinese junior high school students and examine the associations between different types of family influence and MVPA or sedentary behaviours. METHODS: Participants of two independent cross-sectional surveys, conducted in 2009 and 2011, were students in Grade 7 and 9 from all junior high schools in Hangzhou, China. The daily duration and frequency of MVPA, amount of sedentary time and frequency of family support were self-reported. Multi-level mixed-effects logistic regression was used to examine the associations between different types or levels of family influence and MVPA or sedentary behaviours. RESULTS: A total of 7286 students were analysed finally. Overall, only 9.0% of the students participated in MVPA at least 60 minutes/day; 63.9% spent no more than 2 hours/day in sedentary behaviours. Frequent verbal encouragement and watching were associated with less leisure-time sedentary behaviours. The multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for verbal encouragement and watching were 1.29 (95% CI, 1.08 to 1.55) and 1.19 (95% CI, 0.97 to 1.45) for 5-7 days per week. The involvement of family in the children's activity in most days of the week was associated with both higher level of MVPA and less leisure-time sedentary behaviours. The respective ORs among students who reported familial support 5-7 days per week, were 1.50 (95% CI, 1.21 to 1.86) for engaging in seven days of MVPA per week, 1.67 (95% CI, 1.19 to 2.32) for at least 60 minutes of MVPA daily, and 1.48 (95% CI, 1.19 to 1.84) for no more than 2 hours of leisure-time sedentary behaviours daily. CONCLUSIONS: This study found that less than 10.0% of urban Chinese adolescents engaged in MVPA at least 60 minutes/day. Family involving themselves in the children's activity exerted the most significant influence on children's behaviours as compared with verbally encouraging and observing children's activity. Any type of familial support including verbally encouraging, watching, and involving had effects on reducing leisure-time sedentary behaviours.

Synthesis and luminescence of Eu(3+)-doped in triple phosphate Ca8MgBi(PO4)7 with whitlockite structure.

Triple whitlockite-type structure-based red phosphors Ca8 MgBi1-x(PO4)7:xEu(3+) (x = 0.10, 0.20, 0.30, 0.40, 0.50, 0.60, 0.70, 0.80 and 1.00) were synthesized by a conventional solid-state reaction route and characterized by their X-ray crystal structures. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, Fourier transform infrared spectra, morphologies, photoluminescence spectra, UV/Vis reflectance spectra, decay times and the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) chromaticity coordinates of Ca8MgBi1-x(PO4)7:xEu(3+) were analyzed. Eu-doped Ca8MgBi(PO4)7 phosphors exhibited strong red luminescence with peaks at 616 nm due to the (5)D0 → (7)F2 electric dipole transition of Eu(3+) ions after excitation at 396 nm. The UV/Vis spectra indicated that the band gap of Ca8MgBi0.30(PO4)7:0.70Eu(3+) is larger than that of Ca8MgBi(PO4)7. The phosphor developed in this study has great potential as a red-light-emitting phosphor for UV light-emitting diodes.

Tunable white light emission from single-phased Li2 SrSiO4 :Dy(3+) phosphors by co-doping with Eu(3+).

A series of single-phase full-color emitting Li2 Sr1-x-y SiO4 :xDy(3+) ,yEu(3+) phosphors were synthesized by solid-state reaction and characterized by X-ray diffraction and photoluminescence analyses. The samples showed emission peaks at 488 nm (blue), 572 nm (yellow), 592 nm (orange) and 617 nm (red) under 393 nm excitation. The photoluminescence excitation spectra, comprising the Eu-O charge transfer band and 4f-4f transition bands of Dy(3+) and Eu(3+) , range from 200 to 500 nm. The Commission Internationale de I'Eclairage chromaticity coordinates for Li2 Sr0.98-x SiO4 :0.02Dy(3+) ,xEu(3+) phosphors were simulated. By manipulating Eu(3+) and Dy(3+) concentrations, the color points of Li2 Sr1-x-y SiO4 :xDy(3+) ,yEu(3+) were tuned from the greenish-white region to white light and eventually to reddish-white region, demonstrating that a tunable white light can be obtained by Li2 Sr1-x-y SiO4 :xDy(3+) ,yEu(3+) phosphors. Li2 Sr0.98-x SiO4 :0.02Dy(3+) , xEu(3+) can serve as a white-light-emitting phosphor for phosphor-converted light-emitting diode.

Effects of spray application of lanthanum and cerium on yield and quality of Chinese cabbage (Brassica chinensis L) based on different seasons.

The use of single light rare earth elements in agriculture was studied using the application of single rare earth elements (La and Ce) to Chinese cabbage (Brassica chinensis L.) in field plot experiments where the soil conditions remained the same but the season (spring or autumn) in which application occurred was altered. The results showed that the Chinese cabbage's nutrition quality between the two seasons had obvious differences. When planted in the autumn, the soluble sugar and vitamin C content was higher, the titratable acid and nitrate content was lower, and the ratio of sugar to acid was higher, while when planted in spring, the situation was opposite. La or Ce treatments in spring and autumn promoted the growth of the Chinese cabbage, the fresh and dry weight of the stems and leaves increased, the ratio of dry to fresh weight increased, and the observed effects were greater in the Ce treatments than the La treatments. Moreover, the soluble sugar content increased and the titratable acid content decreased, which meant that the ratio of sugar to acid increased. There was an increase in the vitamin C and nitrate content in the spring Chinese cabbage, while there was a decrease in the vitamin C and nitrate content in the autumn. The levels of the heavy metals Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, and Ni decreased. The La treatment had greater effects on the spring Chinese cabbage, while the Ce affected the autumn Chinese cabbage more.

Association between perceived urban built environment attributes and leisure-time physical activity among adults in Hangzhou, China.

BACKGROUND: Neighborhood built environment may influence residents' physical activity, which in turn, affects their health. This study aimed to determine the associations between perceived built environment and leisure-time physical activity in Hangzhou, China. METHODS: 1440 participants aged 25-59 were randomly selected from 30 neighborhoods in three types of administrative planning units in Hangzhou. International Physical Activity Questionnaire long form and NEWS-A were used to obtain individual-level data. The China Urban Built Environment Scan Tool was used to objectively assess the neighborhood-level built environment. Multi-level regression was used to explore the relationship between perceived built environment variables and leisure-time physical activities. Data was collected in Hangzhou from June to December in 2012, and was analyzed in May 2013. RESULTS: Significant difference between neighborhood random variations in physical activity was identified (P=0.0134); neighborhood-level differences accounted for 3.0% of the variability in leisure-time physical activity. Male residents who perceived higher scores on access to physical activity destinations reported more involvement in leisure-time physical activity. Higher scores on perception of esthetic quality, and lower on residential density were associated with more time in leisure-time walking in women. CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrated that perceived urban built environment attributes significantly correlate with leisure-time physical activity in Hangzhou, China.

Objective assessment of urban built environment related to physical activity--development, reliability and validity of the China Urban Built Environment Scan Tool (CUBEST).

BACKGROUND: Some aspects of the neighborhood built environment may influence residents' physical activity, which in turn, affects their health. This study aimed to develop an urban built environment evaluation tool and conduct necessary reliability and validity tests. METHODS: A 41-item urban built environment scan tool was developed to objectively assess the neighborhood built environment features related to physical activity. Six neighborhoods in Hangzhou were selected from three types of administrative planning units. A pair of auditors independently assessed all of the 205 street segments at the same time. Half of the segments (n = 104) were audited twice by the same auditor after a two-week time interval. Inter-rater reliability was assessed by comparing the audits of paired observers, while intra-rater reliability was evaluated by comparing an auditor's repeated assessments of the same segments. The construct validity was tested using factor analysis. RESULTS: The inter-rater reliability for most items was above 0.8. The intra-rater reliability for most items was above 0.4, and was lower than corresponding inter-rater reliability. Six factors were extracted by factor analysis and the factor loading matrix showed good construct validity. CONCLUSIONS: The CUBEST is a reliable and valid instrument that can be used to assess the physical activity-related built environment in Hangzhou, and potentially other cities in China.

A community-based multilevel intervention for smoking, physical activity and diet: short-term findings from the Community Interventions for Health programme in Hangzhou, China.

BACKGROUND: To assess the short-term impact of a comprehensive, community-based multilevel intervention on knowledge, beliefs and practices with respect to smoking, physical activity and diet in Hangzhou, China. METHODS: A non-randomised, controlled, before-after quasi-experimental trial was conducted in two intervention areas and one comparison area. The intervention built on a socioecological framework and took place across four settings: neighbourhoods, schools, workplaces and community health centres. Two independent cross-sectional surveys of adults aged 18-64 years at baseline and a subsequent follow-up were conducted in 2008/2009 and 2011 in the intervention and comparison areas. A 2-year intervention programme was begun in mid-2009 and continued until mid-2011. RESULTS: A total of 2016 adults at baseline and 2016 adults at follow-up completed the survey. Over the 2-year intervention period, the intervention areas showed a statistically significant decline (25.2% vs 18.7%, p<0.001) in the prevalence of smoking compared with the comparison area (18.0% vs 16.4%, p=0.343). The proportion of individuals who had noticed anyone smoking in any of nine locations in the previous 30 days demonstrated a statistically significant decline in the intervention (78.9% vs 66.5%, p<0.001) and comparison (76.3% vs 66.5%, p<0.001) areas. The fruit and vegetable consumption score increased in a statistically significant manner in the intervention (24.84 vs 25.97, p=0.036) and comparison (24.25 vs 26.67, p<0.001) areas. The metabolic equivalent of physical activity increased from 1204 to 1386 (p=0.023) in the intervention areas compared with 918 to 924 in the comparison area (p=0.201). CONCLUSIONS: After a 2-year intervention, beneficial changes were noted in the intervention areas with respect to smoking and physical activity but not diet. A community-based multilevel intervention programme is feasible in urban China.

[Assessment on the short-term impact regarding the community-based interventions to improve physical activities in three urban areas of Hangzhou city].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the short-term impact of comprehensive community based intervention on physical activity (PA) of adults living in the three urban communities of Hangzhou city. METHODS: Within the framework of Community Interventions for Health (CIH) Program, a community trial was conducted in two urban areas (Xiacheng district and Gongshu district)and an urban area(Xihu district)as control, by a parallel comparison and random grouping based quasi-experimental design. Two independent questionnaire-based surveys of cross-sectional samples in the intervention and comparison areas were used to assess the short-term impact of the intervention program. RESULTS: A total of 2016 adults at baseline and 2016 adults at follow-up stages, completed the survey, including 1016 adults from the intervention areas and 1000 from the comparison area. Over the two-year intervention period, the cognitive level on benefits of physical activity in the intervention areas were trending downward. The changes observed in the comparison area did not show statistical significance. Intervention areas showed a statistically significant increase (1204 vs. 1386, P = 0.023) in the level of physical activity(metabolic equivalent, MET-minutes/week)compared with the comparison area(918 vs. 924, P = 0.201). And results remained the same after eliminating the possible effects of age factor. CONCLUSION: After a two-year intervention, beneficial changes were noted in the intervention areas with respect to the level of physical activity. A community-based intervention program on physical activity seemed feasible and effective in the urban areas of Hangzhou.

[Changes in knowledge and behavior related to tobacco consumption among urban population before and after the enforcement of the Smoke Control Ordinance in Public Places of Hangzhou in 2010].

OBJECTIVE: To examine the changes in tobacco related knowledge, smoking habit and the amount if environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) among urban population before and after the enforcement of the Smoke Control Ordinance in Public Places of Hangzhou in March 2010. METHODS: Two independent cross-sectional surveys were conducted on random samples from adults aged 18 - 64 years in three districts of Hangzhou city between two petiods: October 2008 to August 2009 and June 2011 to February 2012. RESULTS: A total of 2016 adults at the initial stage and 2016 adults during the follow-up program completed the survey. Nine out of the ten indices related to the knowledge on tobacco presented an improvement during the follow-up process. All the participants (22.4% vs. 17.7%, P < 0.001) and men (44.2% vs. 37.3%, P = 0.004) showed statistically significant declines in the prevalence of smoking, when compared with women (1.7% vs. 1.2%, P = 0.379). The proportions of individuals who had noticed anyone smoking in the previous 30 days demonstrated statistically significant declines in nine types of places: school (5.6% vs. 2.7%, P < 0.001), health centre (11.4% vs. 3.7%, P < 0.001), public transportation (19.2% vs. 12.2%, P < 0.001), government building (11.3% vs. 5.6%, P < 0.001), restaurant (67.0% vs. 61.3%, P = 0.002), workplace (49.7% vs. 38.3%, P < 0.001), private office building (23.6% vs. 19.9%, P = 0.023), home (41.0% vs. 35.5%, P = 0.003), friend's home (33.9% vs. 29.5%, P = 0.017). CONCLUSION: Positive changes were noticed among urban population with respect to tobacco related knowledge, prevalence of smoking, and the environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) after the enforcement of the Smoke Control Ordinance in Public Places of Hangzhou.

[Fruit and vegetable consumption and related influencing factors among urban junior students in Hangzhou].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption and related influencing factors among urban junior students in Hangzhou. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, a self-administered questionnaire was used to assess the frequency and amount of FV consumption as well as related socio-demographic characteristics. Logistic regression method was applied to study other factors related to the amount of vegetables consumption ≥ 21 servings and fruit consumption ≥ 14 servings per week. RESULTS: Among 3724 junior students included in this study, 54.7% of them consumed FV daily, 23.6% consumed vegetables ≥ 21 servings and fruit ≥ 14 servings per week (equaled to vegetables ≥ 3 servings and fruit ≥ 2 servings every day). The level of FV intake was high in girls, mother with higher education, and higher family socioeconomic status (SES). After controlling 5 socio-demographic factors, data on the consumption of daily vegetables ≥ 21 servings and fruit ≥ 14 servings weekly, were positively associated with daily physical activity (PA) ≥ 60 min (OR = 1.667, 95%CI: 1.216 - 2.203), encouragement on FV intake daily by family (OR = 1.881, 95%CI: 1.498 - 2.363), positive familial attitude on the daily intake of FV (OR = 1.275, 95%CI: 1.025 - 1.586), preparation FV 3 - 6 days per week (OR = 1.691, 95%CI: 1.310 - 2.183) or daily (OR = 2.944, 95%CI: 2.348 - 3.690), family consumption of FV with children/3-6 days per week (OR = 1.392, 95%CI: 1.056 - 1.835) or on the daily base (OR = 2.817, 95%CI: 2.217 - 3.580), breakfast usually made at home (OR = 1.364, 95%CI: 1.158 - 1.607), offering FV course at school last year (OR = 1.238, 95%CI:1.035 - 1.480) and awareness on the benefit of FV (OR = 3.150, 95%CI: 1.121 - 8.856) etc. respectively. CONCLUSION: Socio-demographic characteristics, daily PA, dietary pattern at home, education and awareness on the benefits of FV on health etc. were all related to the FV intake among junior students in Hangzhou.

[Relations between attitude and practice of smoking and the training program regarding tobacco control among community medical staff members in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relations between training and both the attitude and practice on smoking control among community medical staff members in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province. METHODS: Three representative districts including Xiacheng, Gongshu and Westlake were chosen from Hangzhou city. Questionnaire survey was applied to collect information from the related community medical staff members. The survey mainly contained three aspects: knowledge, attitude and practice regarding smoking control involved in the community medical activities. Availability and application of the resources on smoking cessation were also studied. Logistic regression analysis was applied to explore the factors associated with the smoking control training programs. Differences of rates between groups were assessed with chi-square statistics. Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to study the relationships among knowledge, attitude and practice related to smoking control programs, targeted to the community medical staff members. RESULTS: Eight hundred forty-six community medical workers were involved. Sixty-five percent of the community medical staff members had learned related knowledge on smoking control. Proportion of the community medical staff who had taken lessons on smoking control with 3-10 working years was 1.77 times more than the ones with experience less than two years (OR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.25-2.51). Eighty-eight point seven percent of the medical staff who had received smoking control training programs were identified with the consciousness that they should advise the patients to quit smoking, comparing to the proportion 81.60% (Z=-2.87, P=0.00) in the control group. In terms of the practice regarding smoking control, data showed that 21.62% of the medical staff who had received smoking control training programs would provide 'how to quit smoking' to more than 90% of the smoking patients, while the proportion in the control group was 10.65% (Z = -5.68, P = 0.00). The use of drugs, traditional Chinese medicine therapy and the smoking cessation hotline rate were all less than 30%. CONCLUSION: The training programs being used on smoking control seemed useful in improving the consciousness and practice towards the smoking control programs during their medical activities among the community medical staff members.

[Evaluation on the effect of intervention strategies regarding lifestyle-health promotion among community medical staff in Hangzhou city].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of workplace intervention programs related with health-promoting lifestyles among community medical staff members in the communities of Hangzhou city. METHODS: Three representative districts including Xiacheng, Gongshu and Westlake were chosen and all the community medical staff was involved in the study. Questionnaire survey was applied to collect the information from all the community medical staff. Three aspects including 1, environmental support and policies on healthy lifestyles 2, lectures and activities related to health-promoting programs provided, and 3, peer effect on health promotion, were studied. Chi square test and logistic stepwise regression analysis were applied. RESULTS: Intervention strategies on smoking, diet and physical exercises were analyzed respectively. It was indicated that none of the lectures, regulations or individual counseling regarding smoking cessation was associated with the decrease of smoking behavior. Medical staff that taking part in the lectures on balanced diet showed higher frequencies of vegetable/fruit intake, with the frequencies of vegetables/fruits consumption on 4 or more days/per week appeared 1.74 times more than that in the control group. As for the physical exercise intervention was concerned, the peer effect was found to be obvious. Medical staff that taking exercise with colleagues tended to do more exercises with frequency in taking moderate or high intensity exercises 5 or more days/per week as 1.62 times than that of the control group. Data also indicated that regardless of intervention programs on diet or on physical activities, the combination effect could statistically improve the healthy behavior on diet or physical exercise. CONCLUSION: Intervention programs on both balanced diet and physical exercises were preliminarily found to be associated with enhanced health promotion behavior for workplace health promotion strategies but need to be verified through further intervention studies of the same sort.

[Behavior and knowledge on physical activity among urban junior students in Hangzhou].

OBJECTIVE: To study the status of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviors and relevant knowledge to it among junior students. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, a self-administered questionnaire was used to assess the PA, sedentary behaviors and relevant knowledge on 4549 eligible urban junior students. RESULTS: Among the 4549 junior students, only 7.50% engaged in ≥ 60 minutes of PA, per day. Those junior students spending 2 hours on weekdays, 3 hours on weekends in doing homework and those spending ≥ 30 min on weekdays, 2 hours on weekends in doing other sedentary activities, accounted for the highest proportion of the subjects respectively. The awareness rate of spending at least 60 minutes each day on PA to stay fit and healthy was 24.63%. Differences in gender and grade at school were significantly on 'understanding of health benefits regarding PA' (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Urban junior students were lack of awareness and appropriate behavior on physical activities so the related intervention should be taken actively to improve the current situation among the adolescents at school.