Clinical Evaluation of a Hydrophobic Intraocular Lens Using a Preloaded Automated Injector in a Korean Population.

Purpose: This study assessed post-market clinical outcomes of the Clareon monofocal intraocular lens (IOL) preloaded in the AutonoMe Delivery System in a real-world setting of Korean patients. Methods: This prospective, multicenter, single-arm study in Korea was conducted from July 2020 to December 2021. Patients were ≥20 years old with unilateral or bilateral cataracts who received Clareon IOLs (CNA0T0) preloaded in an automated injector system. Best corrected distance visual acuity (BCDVA) and uncorrected distance visual acuity (UCDVA) were evaluated under photopic conditions. Surgeon delivery system preference was assessed using a survey questionnaire. Glistenings, surface haze, adverse events, posterior capsule opacification (PCO), and Nd:YAG capsulotomy rates were also assessed during the 12-month postoperative follow-up. Results: Mean ± SD monocular BCDVA was 0.02 ± 0.11 and 0.00 ± 0.10 logMAR at 1 month and 12 months, respectively. BCDVA of 0.2 logMAR or better was achieved by 94.4% and 99.1% of eyes at 1 month and 12 months after implantation, respectively. Mean monocular UCDVA was 0.11 ± 0.14 and 0.07 ± 0.13 logMAR at 1 month and 12 months, respectively. UCDVA of 0.3 logMAR or better was achieved by 97.4% of eyes at 12 months after implantation. Preparation of the automated injector system was rated as "very easy" or "easy" and CNA0T0 IOL delivery was rated as "very controllable" or "controllable" by all surgeons. Only grade 0 glistenings and no surface haze were observed during the 12-month follow-up. No clinically significant PCO or Nd:YAG capsulotomy were reported throughout the study; clinically nonsignificant PCO was reported in 23% of eyes. Conclusion: This 12-month real-world study of the CNA0T0 IOL and the automated injector system demonstrated excellent visual outcomes and high surgeon satisfaction.

What happens to agreement over time? A longitudinal study of self-reported substance use compared to saliva toxicological testing among subsidized housing residents.

The agreement between self-reported and toxicologically verified substance use provides important information about the validity of self-reported use. While some studies report aggregate agreement across follow-up points, only a few have examined the agreement at each time point separately. An overall rate of agreement across time may miss changes that occur as people progress through a research study. In this study, a sample of 644 adults (43.8% male, 32.6% White, 57.0% Black, 90.2% ages 36+) residing in subsidized housing was used to determine the agreement between self-reported use and saliva toxicological testing for marijuana, cocaine, PCP, amphetamine, and methamphetamine at three different time points. Agreement between saliva toxicological testing and self-report ranged between 84.2% and 94.3% for different substances over time. Higher rates of agreement were found for cocaine than had been reported by previous studies. Statistically significant differences in the odds ratios of concordance over time (baseline, 6-month, and 12-month follow-up) were found for marijuana and the combined category for PCP, amphetamine, and methamphetamine. Our findings suggest that oral fluid drug tests generally withstand community field assessments and result in relatively high levels of agreement for marijuana, cocaine, PCP, amphetamine, and methamphetamine use, when compared to self-report. Because of the ease of sample collection and low chance of adulteration, we conclude that saliva testing is a viable method for toxicological confirmation of substance use behavior in this setting.

What's the agreement between self-reported and biochemical verification of drug use? A look at permanent supportive housing residents.

Self-reported substance use is commonly used as an outcome measure in treatment research. We evaluated the validity of self-reported drug use in a sample of 334 adults with mental health problems who were residing in supportive housing programs. The primary analysis was the calculation of the positive predictive values (PPVs) of self-report compared to an oral fluid test taken at the same time. A sensitivity analysis compared the positive predictive values of two self-reported drug use histories: biological testing window (ranging between the past 96h to 30days depending on drug type) or the full past 90-day comparison window (maximum length recorded during interview). A multivariable logistic regression was used to predict discordance between self-report and the drug test for users. Self-reported drug use and oral fluid drug tests were compared to determine the positive predictive value for amphetamines/methamphetamines/PCP (47.1% agreement), cocaine (43.8% agreement), and marijuana (69.7% agreement) drug tests. Participants who misreported their drug use were more likely to be older, non-White, have no medical insurance, and not report any alcohol use. In general, amphetamine/methamphetamine/PCP and cocaine use was adequately captured by the biological test, while marijuana use was best captured by a combination of self-report and biological data. Using the full past 90day comparison window resulted in higher concordance with the oral fluid drug test, indicating that self-reported drug use in the past 90days may be a proxy for drug use within the biological testing window. Self-report has some disadvantages when used as the sole measure of drug use in this population.

Características de los anticuerpos antiislotes del adulto, diabético tipo I de reciente diagnóstico, familiares de primer grado de diabéticos tipo 1 y diabetes gestacional / ICA characteristics in latent autoimmune diabetes of adults, new onset type diabetics, first degree relatives of type l diabetics and gestational diabetes

Se estudiaron las características de los sueros con anticuerpos antiislotes pancreáticos (ICA+) títulos, ICA sobre páncreas de ratón (ICA-NR), reactividad a extractos glucolipídicos pancreáticos (REGP) y asociación a anticuerpos anti-GAD65) en diferentes grupos de sujetos: diabetes autoinmune del adulto (LADA, n = 20), diabéticos tipo 1 de reciente diagnóstico (DMIDrd, n = 43), familiares de primer grado de diabéticos tipo 1 (FPG, n = 31) y mujeres con diabetes gestacional (DG, n = 10). Se detectaron ICA e ICA-NR por la técnica de inmunofluorescencia indirecta y los anticuerpos anti-GAD65, por un método RIA de inmunoprecipitación. Se utilizó la fase superior de extractos pancreáticos humanos que contienen glucolípidos para medir REGP de los ICA. Se determinaron las características de los ICA en los diferentes grupos: LADA: alta frecuencia en sus títulos (ü 80 unidades JDF) (80 porciento), anticuerpos anti-GAD65 (100 porciento) y baja frecuencia de ICA-NR (15 porciento) y REGP (15 porciento); DMIDrd: alta frecuencia de anticuerpos anti-GAD65 (72 porciento), ICA-NR (81 porciento) y REGP (86 porciento); FPG: alta frecuencia de ICA-NR (93 porciento) y REGP (87 porciento); DG: Bajos títulos de ICA (< 20 unidades JDF) (60 porciento) y alta frecuencia de REGP (80 porciento), aunque la REGP fue generalmente parcial. Se comprobó que en los grupos estudiados, el proceo de pérdida de la tolerancia inmunológica es disímil porque los ICA reconocen a determinantes antigénicos diferentes. Estos resultados son también importantes para seleccionar el marcador inmunológico correcto para la predicción del proceso autoinmune en cada entidad(AU)