Evaluation of Anxiolytic, Sedative-hypnotic and Amnesic Effects of Novel 2-phenoxy phenyl-1,3,4-oxadizole Derivatives Using Experimental Models.

Benzodiazepines (BZDs) are widely used in clinical practice as anxiolytics, hypnotics, anticonvulsants and muscle relaxants. However, they have some undesired effects including memory problems. In continuing our research on novel benzodiazepine ligands, we are looking for ligands with less adverse effects. Previously, 4 novel derivatives of 2-phenoxy phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole were synthesized as agonists of BZD receptors. In this study, the pharmacological effects of novel compounds were evaluated. Pentobarbital induced loss of righting reflex, elevated plus maze, open-field locomotor activity and passive avoidance test were used to evaluate the sedative-hypnotic, anxiolytic and amnesic effects of compounds respectively. The results revealed that the novel compounds with NH2, SH and SCH3 substituents at the 2-position of the oxadiazole ring increase righting reflex time significantly. In the elevated plus maze test none of the derivatives increased open arm duration and open arm entry indicating no anxiolytic properties. Moreover, the novel compounds didn't influence step-down latencies in the mice. The fact that the hypnotic activity of these compounds were significantly reduced by flumazenil, confirmed that this effect is mediated by BZD receptors.

A rapid HPLC method for determination of zolpidem and its degradation product in tablets using a monolithic column.

A simple, accurate reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method, utilizing a monolithic silica column, for determination of zolpidem hemitartrate and its degradation product in tablet dosage form was developed. Analysis was achieved on the monolithic, C18 (100 mm, 3.9 mm) column, in isocratic mode with acetonitrile-NaH2PO4 (pH 7.0; 0.01 M; 35:65, v/v) as mobile phase and a flow rate of 2.5 mL/min at room temperature with UV detection at 245 nm. Diazepam was applied as an internal standard. The retention time of zolpidem and its degradation product was 2.14 and 1.89, respectively. Calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.12-5 µg/mL and the recovery values were found to be 97-101%. The limit of quantitation was determined 0.12 µg/mL. The relative standard deviation values of intraday and interday studies were calculated as 0.13-1.1% and 0.54-1.3%, respectively.

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 4-benzamidobenzoic Acid hydrazide derivatives as novel soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors.

Inhibitors of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) represent one of the novel pharmaceutical approaches for treating hypertension, vascular inflammation, pain and other cardiovascular related diseases. Most of the potent sEH inhibitors reported in literature often suffer from poor solubility and bioavailability. Toward improving pharmacokinetic profile beside favorable potency, two series of 4-benzamidobenzoic acid hydrazide derivatives with hydrazide group as a novel secondary pharmacophore against sEH enzyme were developed. The designed compounds were synthesized in acceptable yield and their in vitro assay was determined. Most of the synthesized compounds have appropriate physical properties and exhibited considerable in-vitro sEH inhibitory activity in comparison with 12-(3-Adamantan-1-yl-ureido)- dodecanoicacid (AUDA), a potent urea-based sEH inhibitor. 4-(2-(4-(4-chlorobenzamido) benzoyl)hydrazinyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid 6c was found to be the most potent inhibitor with inhibitory activity of 72% targeting sEH enzyme.