RESUMO
Resumen Introducción: Determinar la prevalencia de fluorosis dental y los factores asociados a su presencia, en escolares de 10 a 12 años del cantón Pimampiro, provincia de Imbabura, Ecuador. Metodología: Muestra de 302 alumnos de centros educativos del cantón Pimampiro, provincia de Imbabura que cumplieron con criterios de inclusión, previo consentimiento de sus padres o representantes, y que fueron evaluados en cuanto a su alimentación y hábitos de higiene oral, acompañado de un registro fotográfico de los dientes anteriores definitivos de cada participante, las fotografías obtenidas analizadas por tres evaluadores calibrados en la detección de fluorosis mediante el índice de Thylstrup y Fejerskov. Resultados: La prevalencia de la fluorosis dental fue de 81,4 %, el grado 2 fue el más frecuente en un 32,6%. Al relacionar las variables establecidas en la encuesta y la presencia de fluorosis se encontró relación de la patología con el consumo de bebidas envasadas, con la cantidad de dentífrico usado y con su ingesta accidental (p = 0,000). Conclusión: La prevalencia de fluorosis en la población de estudio se considera alta, el grado 2 según TF fue el más frecuente, y se encontró una relación con el consumo de bebidas envasadas, la cantidad de dentífrico usado y con la ingesta accidental.
Abstract Introduction: We aimed to determine the prevalence of dental fluorosis and its associated factors, in children from 10 to 12 years old from Pimampiro, province of Imbabura, Ecuador. Methodology: 302 school children from Pimampiro, province of Imbabura who complied inclusion criteria, with the prior consent of their parents and /or representatives were evaluated in terms of their diet and oral hygiene habits, accompanied by a photographic record of the final anterior teeth of each participant, the photographs obtained were analyzed by three calibrated evaluators in the detection of fluorosis using the Thylstrup and Fejerskov index. Results: The prevalence of dental fluorosis was 81.4%, grade 2 was the most frequent with 32.6%. When relating the variables established in the survey and the presence of fluorosis, a relationship was found between the pathology and the consumption of bottled beverages, with the amount of toothpaste used and with accidental intake (p = 0.000). Discussion and Conclusion: The prevalence of fluorosis in the study population is considered high; grade 2 according to TF was the most frequent, finding a relationship with the consumption of bottled beverages, the amount of toothpaste used and with accidental intake.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Higiene Bucal/tendências , Assistência Odontológica para Crianças , Alimentos, Dieta e Nutrição , Fluorose Dentária/dietoterapia , EquadorRESUMO
BACKGROUND: To determine the prevalence of dental fluorosis in 10-12 year-old school children, in three provinces of the inter-andean Region of Ecuador: Imbabura, Pichincha and Chimborazo, as well as the relationship between certain factors, considering that the latest studies go back to the year 2009. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional and observational study was proposed. A sample of 599 was calculated at 95% of confidence considering population projections for children between 10 and 12 old of three zones of Ecuador. However, 608 school children, who had the acceptance and informed consent of their parents to participate, completed a survey about factors associated with dental fluorosis. Once the survey was completed, the vestibular surfaces of the upper and lower anterior teeth of the infant were photographed, following standardized distance and light procedures. Three evaluators, trained in the detection of fluorosis using the Thylstrup and Fejerskov index, analyzed the photographs. The Stata 13.0 software was used for the statistical analysis, with a level of significance of 5% and with a confidence interval of 95%. To relate the risk factor of fluorosis, a multinomial logistic model was used. RESULTS: The prevalence of dental fluorosis was of 89.96%, with a greater presence of grade 2 TF. A positive statistical relationship and statistical significance was detected between dental fluorosis and consumption of bottled beverages. Also the amount of toothpaste used and its ingestion during brushing (p = 0.000) were analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: The populations evaluated, that are related to the consumption of bottled beverages and involuntary toothpaste ingestion, and have a high prevalence of a mild level of fluorosis. Key words:Fluorosis, dental, risk factors, epidemiology.