Sociodemographic and Lifestyle Characteristics Associated with Maternal Dietary Patterns in Mexico.

There is scarce evidence on sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics that may explain adherence to different dietary patterns (DPs) during pregnancy. Our aims were to identify dietary patterns in a sample of pregnant Mexican women and to describe their association with selected sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics. This is a secondary cross-sectional analysis of 252 mothers of children that participated as controls in a hospital-based case-control study of childhood leukemia. We obtained parents' information about selected sociodemographic characteristics, as well as alcohol and tobacco consumption. We also obtained dietary information during pregnancy. We identified DPs using cluster and factor analyses and we estimated their association with characteristics of interest. We identified two DPs using cluster analysis, which we called "Prudent" and "Non healthy", as well as three DPs through factor analysis, namely "Prudent", "Processed foods and fish", and "Chicken and vegetables". Characteristics associated with greater adherence to "Prudent" patterns were maternal education, older paternal age, not smoking, and being a government employee and/or uncovered population. Likewise, the "Processed foods and fish" pattern was associated with greater maternal and paternal education, as well as those with less household overcrowding. We did not identify sociodemographic variables related to the "Chicken and Vegetables" pattern. Our results may be useful to identify target populations that may benefit from interventions aimed to improve individual dietary decisions during pregnancy.

Maternal diet in pregnancy and acute leukemia in infants: a case-control study in Mexico City.

Introduction: Epidemiological studies around the world on acute leukemia (AL) and risk factors in infants are scarce. Infant AL has been proposed to originate in utero, which facilitates its study by establishing a short exposure time in pregnant women to environmental and dietary factors that could contribute to the risk of or protection against leukemia. We hypothesized that maternal diet during pregnancy may be an important factor involved in AL in offspring. Methods: We conducted a hospital-based case-control study from 2010 to 2019 on maternal diet during pregnancy in nine high-specialty public hospitals of different health institutions that diagnose and offer treatment to children with AL in Mexico City. Cases (n=109) were children ≤24 months of age with de novo diagnosis of AL, and controls (n=252) were children obtained in hospitals from second-level medical care matched for age, sex, and health institution. Maternal diet during pregnancy was obtained by a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to assess the association between food groups and infant AL. Potential confounders were assessed by constructing directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) with Dagitty software in which adjusted options were identified for the construction of unconditional logistic regression models. Results: Cases were slightly predominantly female (52.3%). The years of education of the mother in cases and controls was 0-9 on average, and those who reported smoking cigarettes and consuming alcohol during pregnancy did so at a low frequency. Regarding the mother's diet, the main findings were that the consumption of allium vegetables during pregnancy was inversely associated with AL for medium and high consumption (OR=0.26, 95% CI 0.14-0.46; P-trend< 0.001). In contrast, the high consumption of high-fat dairy products had a positive association with AL (OR=2.37, 95% CI 1.30-4.34; P-trend<0.001). No association was found between consumption of topoisomerase II inhibitor foods during pregnancy and AL. Conclusion: The results suggest that maternal intake during pregnancy of allium vegetables, specifically garlic, is inversely associated with the development of AL in children ≤24 months old. On the other hand, consumption of high-fat dairy products is positively associated with AL in children ≤24 months old.

Fijación externa de la técnica de Keller-Silver / External fixation of Keller-Silver technique

Se realizó un estudio prospectivo sobre 51 pacientes con hallux-valgus, seleccionados para realizarles la técnica de Keller- Silver, se utilizó en todos los casos, como método de contención, el pistón de 5 orificios del fijador externo Ralca© y 2 alambres roscados L15, uno en la falange proximal y otro en el metatarsiano. Se analizaron los resultados en cuanto a grado de satisfacción, eliminación de la deformidad, dolor y limitación de los movimientos de las articulaciones metatarso-falángica. Se comparó con estudios previamente realizados. Se logró preservar la movilidad articular y la ausencia de cambios osteoartríticos interfalángicos

Profilaxis perioperatoria en fracturas de cadera

Se realizó un estudio prospectivo de 96 pacientes operados por fracturas de cadera a los cuales se les aplicó profilaxis antimicrobiana perioperatoria. Se usó cefazolina en dosis única de 1 g durante la inducción anestésica (30 min antes de la intervención quirúrgica). Los resultados se compararon con los de otro Hospital Clinicoquirúrgico con características similares al nuestro donde no se aplicó la profilaxis perioperatoria y su tasa de infección fue de 36,8 %, mientras la nuestra fue de sólo el 2 %. Se analizaron los resultados económicos de la aplicación de este método profiláctico, que reduce evidentemente los costos hospitalarios.

A prospective study of 96 patients operated on of hip fractures and who received perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis was conducted. Cefazolin was used in a unique dose of 1 g during anesthetic induction (30 minutes before the surgical procedure). The results were compared with those of another clinical and surgical hospital with similar characteristics to ours and where no perioperative prophylaxis was applied. Its infection rate was 36.8 % while ours was just 2 %.

Tombosis venosa profunda en un paciente con brucelosis y un probable inhibidor lupico: informe de un caso / Deep venous thrombosis in a patient with brucellosis and a probable lufoid inhibitor: report of a case

Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 18 años de edad que ingresó al hospital por un padecimiento de 15 días de evolución caracterizada por dolor y edema de los miembros inferiores. En su estudio intra-hospitalario se demostró brucelosis aguda por un título sérico de 1:800 y cultivos positivos para brucella sp.; trombosis venosa profunda iliofemoral en asociación con un tiempo de protrombina normal y de tromboplastina parcial prolongado. Haciendo una mezcla del plasma de la enferma con un volumen igual d eun plasma normal, se demostró un anticoagulante ciruclante y mediante el tiempo de coagulación con caolina, se identificó un inhibidor tipo lúpico. La paciente recibió tratamiento con tetraciclinas orales y anticoagulación sistémica y cuatro meses después de su egreso del hospital se encontraba asintomática y no recibía tratamiento alguno. Sus estudios de control, tanto para la brucellosis como de coagulación estaban normales. Se hacen algunas consideraciones acerca de una posible asociación entre la brucelosis y el anticoagulante circulante