Current Evidence of the Application of Music in Tai Chi Exercise: Scoping Review.

BACKGROUND: Music has frequently been used in movement exercises to enhance health benefits. However, scientific evidence regarding the application of music to Tai Chi practice is limited. OBJECTIVE: This scoping review aims to understand how music has been used in Tai Chi practice and whether music could be applied to Tai Chi practice to help optimize its benefits. METHODS: PubMed, CINAHL, CNKI, and Weipu databases were searched. We included studies that compare Tai Chi practice experience or health outcomes between individuals practicing Tai Chi with music and those practicing Tai Chi without music. Studies published through September 2022 were identified. Two researchers (YD and YH) independently performed study selection and data extraction. Thematic analysis was used to summarize and categorize the findings of the included studies. RESULTS: Seven studies were included in this review. All 7 included studies are experimental studies. Practicing Tai Chi with music might lead to positive perceptions of Tai Chi practice (eg, motivation, concentration, enjoyment, compliance, and performance) and higher evaluations of Tai Chi instructional quality, especially for Tai Chi beginners. The effects of incorporating music into Tai Chi practice on health outcomes are inconclusive due to the heterogeneities of the sample size, and the intervention components, lengths, and frequencies of the included studies. CONCLUSIONS: Applying music to Tai Chi practice may result in positive Tai Chi practice experience and adherence, particularly for beginners, which could help improve the dissemination and implementation of Tai Chi interventions for public health. However, whether applying music to Tai Chi practice leads to synergetic effects on health outcomes needs further investigation.

Facilitators and Barriers of Tai Chi Practice in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Qualitative Study.

BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have documented the beneficial effects of Tai Chi on a variety of health outcomes, especially in older adults. However, only few studies have examined how to improve the practice and adherence of this Asian-originated exercise among older adults in Western countries. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify facilitators and barriers to Tai Chi practice and adherence in community-dwelling older adults. METHODS: This study analyzed the qualitative data collected from 13 participants (mean age 62.0, SD 10.3) at the end of a 15-week randomized controlled trial conducted at a day activity senior center. Semistructured interviews were conducted, recorded, and transcribed; and the data were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS: Four themes emerged: perceived benefit, threats, facilitators, and barriers. Perceived threats (eg, aging and side effects of medications) and perceived benefits of Tai Chi (eg, balance) inspired participants' engagement in Tai Chi exercise. On the other hand, barriers to Tai Chi practice and adherence included instructor's teaching style, the complexity of Tai Chi postures and movements, and existing health conditions (eg, hip problems). In essence, factors like Tai Chi class availability, family and peer support, as well as practicing Tai Chi with music may facilitate Tai Chi exercise adherence. CONCLUSIONS: The study findings could provide valuable information to health professionals, such as nurses and physical therapists, in developing and implementing effective Tai Chi programs in care plans. Considering health conditions, tailoring Tai Chi exercise instruction styles, encouraging social and peer support, and incorporating music may promote Tai Chi practice and adherence.

Development of MGD007, a gpA33 x CD3-Bispecific DART Protein for T-Cell Immunotherapy of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.

We have developed MGD007 (anti-glycoprotein A33 x anti-CD3), a DART protein designed to redirect T cells to target gpA33 expressing colon cancer. The gpA33 target was selected on the basis of an antibody-based screen to identify cancer antigens universally expressed in both primary and metastatic colorectal cancer specimens, including putative cancer stem cell populations. MGD007 displays the anticipated-bispecific binding properties and mediates potent lysis of gpA33-positive cancer cell lines, including models of colorectal cancer stem cells, through recruitment of T cells. Xenograft studies showed tumor growth inhibition at doses as low as 4 µg/kg. Both CD8 and CD4 T cells mediated lysis of gpA33-expressing tumor cells, with activity accompanied by increases in granzyme and perforin. Notably, suppressive T-cell populations could also be leveraged to mediate lysis of gpA33-expressing tumor cells. Concomitant with CTL activity, both T-cell activation and expansion are observed in a gpA33-dependent manner. No cytokine activation was observed with human PBMC alone, consistent with the absence of gpA33 expression on peripheral blood cell populations. Following prolonged exposure to MGD007 and gpA33 positive tumor cells, T cells express PD-1 and LAG-3 and acquire a memory phenotype but retain ability to support potent cell killing. In cynomolgus monkeys, 4 weekly doses of 100 µg/kg were well tolerated, with prolonged PK consistent with that of an Fc-containing molecule. Taken together, MGD007 displays potent activity against colorectal cancer cells consistent with a mechanism of action endowed in its design and support further investigation of MGD007 as a potential novel therapeutic treatment for colorectal cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(8); 1761-72. ©2018 AACR.

The Effects of Tai Chi Practice With Asynchronous Music on Compliance and Fall-Related Risk Factors in Middle-Aged and Older Women: A Pilot Study.

PURPOSE: This study examined whether practicing Tai Chi (TC) along with music can maximize the effects of TC on compliance and fall-related risk factors (Dynamic Gait Index and fear of falling). DESIGN: A convenient sample was recruited in a community senior center. Eighteen women aged 50 to 84 years (9 White, 9 Black) were block randomly assigned to a TC in silence (TC + S; n = 6) or a TC with music (TC + M; n = 12) class. METHOD: Thirteen participants (4 in TC + S group, 9 in TC + M group) with completed pre- and posttests were included in the final analysis. Paired t tests were conducted to examine changes within groups over time and analysis of covariance was used to assess group differences. FINDINGS: After 15 weeks of intervention, balance increased in both groups with significantly higher benefits in the TC + M group ( p < .05). Fear of falling scores improved in TC + M group and compliance rate was higher in this group. CONCLUSIONS: Practicing TC + M may help increase adherence in White and Black middle-aged and older women, and maximize the effects of TC on fall-related risk factors. Studies with more rigorous study design, including musical considerations, are warranted.

The glycotope-specific RAV12 monoclonal antibody induces oncosis in vitro and has antitumor activity against gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma tumor xenografts in vivo.

RAV12 is a chimeric antibody that recognizes an N-linked carbohydrate antigen (RAAG12) strongly expressed on multiple solid organ cancers. More than 90% of tumors of colorectal, gastric, and pancreatic origin express RAAG12, and a majority of these tumors exhibit uniform RAAG12 expression. RAV12 exhibits potent cytotoxic activity in vitro against COLO 205 colon tumor cells via an oncotic cell death mechanism. RAV12-treated COLO 205 cells undergo morphologic changes consistent with oncosis, including cytoskeletal rearrangement, rapid plasma membrane swelling, and cell lysis. RAV12 inhibited the growth of RAAG12-expressing gastrointestinal tumor xenografts in athymic mice. In the case of SNU-16 tumor cells, twice weekly treatment of established s.c. tumors with 10 mg/kg RAV12 caused a approximately 70% suppression of tumor growth at the end of the study. This preclinical data has led to the initiation of a phase I/IIA clinical study of RAV12 in patients with metastatic or recurrent adenocarcinoma.