Hematologic reference values for clinically healthy captive golden conures (Guaruba guarouba).

Golden conures or ararajubas (Guaruba guarouba) are endangered parrots endemic to the Brazilian Amazon forest. Body mass, blood cell counts, and total plasma protein were determined for 70 clinically healthy golden conures captive at zoologic parks and private breeder facilities in Brazil. Hematologic results (mean +/- SD) were: Erythrocytes 3.6 +/- 0.5 x 10(6) cells/mm3, hemoglobin 12.8 +/- 1.4 g/dl, packed cell volume 46 +/- 3.8%, mean corpuscular volume 132 +/- 20 fl, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) 36 +/- 5.7 pg, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) 28 +/- 3.5%, thrombocytes 26.3 +/- 9.3 x 10(3) cells/mm3, leukocytes 11.9 +/- 4.5 x 10(3) cells/mm3, heterophils 6284 +/- 2715 cells/mm3, lymphocytes 5473 +/- 2408 cells/ mm3, monocytes 113 +/- 162 cells/mm3, eosinophils 10 +/- 42 cells/mm3, basophils 27 +/- 64 cells/mm3. Body mass was 254 +/- 24.9 g and total plasma protein (TPP) was 3.54 +/- 0.58 g/dl. No statistical differences were observed between genders within age groups. Differences between juveniles (J) and adults (A) were identified for TPP (J < A), MCH (J > A), and MCHC (J > A). These results provide reliable reference values for the clinical interpretation of hematologic results for the species. Hematology may be an important tool for population health investigations on free-ranging golden conure populations and will also be essential to survey the health of release candidates in future reintroduction programs.

Preliminary assays indicate that Antonia ovata (Loganiaceae) and Derris amazonica (Papilionaceae), ichthyotoxic plants used for fishing in Roraima, Brazil, have an insecticide effect on Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae).

Laboratory-reared Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz and Neiva 1912) was tested with extracts of two ichthyotoxic plants, known as timbós, used as fishing poison in the Amazon. Phlebotomines, L. longipalpis, and plants, Antonia ovata and Derris amazonica, were collected in the Raposa-Serra do Sol Indian Reserve, a focus of visceral leishmaniasis in the State of Roraima, Brazil. Extracts were prepared from dried leaves of A. ovata and roots of D. amazonica that were percolated in water, filtered and dried out at 50 degrees C. The solid extract obtained was diluted in water at 150, 200 and 250 mg/ml. The solution was blotted in filter paper placed at the bottom of cylindric glass tubes containing sand flies. For each plant extract and dilution, two series of triplicates with 5 male and 5 female specimens of L. longipalpis were used. Mortality was recorded every 2 h during 72 h of exposure. At 72 h the mortality was as high as 80% for extracts of A. ovata (LD50 = 233 mg/ ml), and 100% for D. amazonica (LD50 = 212 mg/ ml) whereas in the control groups maximum mortality never surpassed 13%. Preliminary assays indicated that A. ovata and D. amazonica displayed significant insecticide effect against L. longipalpis.

A new strychnobrasiline base of Strychnos mattogrossensis.

A new strychnobrasiline derivative, 12-hydroxy-10,11-dimethoxystrychnobrasiline 1, has been isolated from the stem barks of Strychnos mattogrossensis. Its structure was established by spectroscopy analysis (1D and 2D NMR, MS, IR, UV) and literature data comparison. Two other known indoline alkaloids were also obtained from the heartwood, 12-hydroxy-11-methoxystrychnobrasiline 2 and strychnobrasiline 3.

Preliminary assays indicate that Antonia ovata (Loganiaceae) and Derris amazonica (Papilionaceae), ichthyotoxic plants used for fishing in Roraima, Brazil, have an insecticide effect on Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae)

Laboratory-reared Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz and Neiva 1912) was tested with extracts of two ichthyotoxic plants, known as timbós, used as fishing poison in the Amazon. Phlebotomines, L. longipalpis, and plants, Antonia ovata and Derris amazonica, were collected in the Raposa-Serra do Sol Indian Reserve, a focus of visceral leishmaniasis in the State of Roraima, Brazil. Extracts were prepared from dried leaves of A. ovata and roots of D. amazonica that were percolated in water, filtered and dried out at 50°C. The solid extract obtained was diluted in water at 150, 200 and 250 mg/ml. The solution was blotted in filter paper placed at the bottom of cylindric glass tubes containing sand flies. For each plant extract and dilution, two series of triplicates with 5 male and 5 female specimens of L. longipalpis were used. Mortality was recorded every 2 h during 72 h of exposure. At 72 h the mortality was as high as 80 percent for extracts of A. ovata (LD50 = 233 mg/ ml), and 100 percent for D. amazonica (LD50 = 212 mg/ ml) whereas in the control groups maximum mortality never surpassed 13 percent. Preliminary assays indicated that A. ovata and D. amazonica displayed significant insecticide effect against L. longipalpis

Brachyrachisina: Isoflavona inédita se Swartzia (Leguminosae)

From the wood benzene and chloroform extracts of Swartzia brachyrachis Harms var.brachyrachis were isolated, by chromatografph methods, an undocumented isoflavone (7,4'-dihydroxy-5,3',5'trimethoxy-6-methylisoflavone) named brachyrachisine and a glucoside (3-O--D-glucopyranosylsitosterol). The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis.

Dos extratos benzênico e clorofórmico da madeira de Swartzia brachyrachisHarms var. brachyrachis foram isolados, por métodos cromatográficos, uma isoflavona inédita (7,4'diidroxi -5,3'5'-trimetoxi-6-metilisoflavona), denominada brachyrachisina, c um glicosídio (3-O--D-glicopiranosilsitosterol). As estruturas foram elucidadas através de análises espectroscópicas.

Estudo químico das sementes e casca da madeira de guarea trichilioides (meliaceae)

In this paper we related the identification and isolation of stearic, linolenic and palmitic acids and the isolation and structural determination of the 7-desacetoxy-7-hidroxyazadirone present in the hexan extract of the fruits of Guarea trichilioides. From the chloroform extrat of steam bark were isolated and identificated the antraquinones: chrysophanol and physcion.

Da casca da madeira de Guarea trichilioides foram isoladas e identificadas através de métodos espectrométricos as antraquinonas crisofanol e fisciona e das sementes o limonóide 7-desacetoxi-7-hidroxiazadirona. Da fração lipofílica das sementes foram ainda identificados por co-injeçao de padrões, através de cromatografia gasosa os ácidos esteárico, palmítico e linolênico.

A Presença de Alcalóides em Espécies Botânicas da Amazônia - Menispermaceae

A list of, Menispermaceae species from the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia herbarium is, presented with the. respective results of the indicative test of the presence or not of alkaloids. An avaliation of the chemical-alkaloidical characteristics of, this family are also discussed, with emphasis on Amazonian genera.

É apresentada uma Lista das espécies da família Menispermaceae, que, possuem representantes no herbário do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (IMPA),com os respectivos resultados do teste para indicação da presença ou não de alcalóides Complementa o trabalho um levantamento da constituição químico-alcaloídica da família em geral, dando-se ênfase, especial aos gêneros mencionados para a. América.

Alcalóides de tabernaemontana heterophylla vahl. (apocynaceae)

SUMMARY Six indole alkaloids (coronaridine, voacangine, epiheyneanine, vobasine, affinisine and olivacine) as well as lupeol, 30 acetyllupeol and sitosterol were isolated from the roots of Tabernaemontana heterophylla Vahl.

Resumo Dos extratos metanólicos da casca e do lenho da raíz da Tabernaemontana heterophylla Vahl. (Apocynaceae) foram isolados, além de sitosterol, lupeol e 3Oacetillupeol, seis alcalóides indólicos: coronaridina, vobasina, affinisina, olivacina, voacangina e epiheyneanina.

The chemistry of Brazilian Lauraceae. LXV. 5, 7, 8, 3', 4', 5' - Hexamethoxyflavone from an Aniba species

Abstract Aniba species (Lauraceae) are characterized by the presence of neolignans or of 6-aryl (or 6-styryl-) 2-pyrones. Flavonoids occur either together with pyrones or, in rare cases, as predominant micromolecular type. The branch wood of an Aniba species from Marapi, Parú do Oeste River, near Tiriós (Para State), constitutes such a case. It contains 5,7,8,3'.4',5'-hexam-thoxyflavone, obtained for the first time from a natural source.

Espécies de Aniba (Lauraceae) são caracterizadas pela presença de neolignanas ou de 6-aril-(ou 6-estiril-) 2-pironas. Flavonoides ocorrem seja juntos com pironas, seja, em raros casos, como tipo micromolecular predominante. A madeira dos ramos de uma espécie de Aniba coletada em Marapi, no alto rio Paru do Oeste, nas proximidades de Tiriós (Pará), constitui um caso desta índole. Contém 5,7,8.3',4'.5'-hexametoxiflavona, obtida pela primeira vez de fonte natural.

Presença de alcalóides -carbolínicos no Rami ou Hami (Bebida de índio)

Summary From a drink widely utilized by the Indian nations of western Amazonia, hallucinogenic, two -carbolinic alkaloids have been isolated.

Isoflavonas de uma espécie do gênero Derris (Leguminosae)

Summary The roots of a Derris species, collected in the area of the campus of the Universidade do Acre, contains alpnumisoflavone and its 4'-0-methyl and 4'-0-,-di-methylallyl derivatives.

Resumo A raiz de uma espécie de Derris, coletada na área do Campus da Universidade do Acre, contém alpinumisoflavona e seus 4'-0-metil e 4'-0-,-dimetilaIil derivados, este último inédito como produto natural.