Mining tailings alter insects: revealing fluctuating asymmetry in the caddisfly Smicridea coronata.

The Samarco/Vale/BHP mine tailing dam breach that took place in Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil, in 2015, deposited high concentrations of metals and metalloids in the Rio Doce basin, severely impacting freshwater and riverine forest ecosystems. To assess developmental instability of caddisflies in response to the environmental impacts of the dam breach, we investigated the fluctuating asymmetry (FA) in the species Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) coronata (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae). FA was assessed at individual and populational scales using geometric morphometric methods in the cephalic capsule and mandibles of larvae and also on the forewings of adults, both collected under the impacted condition, and under the least disturbed condition. The levels of FA increased in response to stressors on the forewings at the populational scale, and on the mandibles, at individual scale. These morphological variations in the larval and adult stages may lead to detrimental effects and result in high mortality rates as well as lower adult fitness. Trichoptera forewings are revealed as suitable traits for assessing FA, holding potential for applications in biomonitoring programs. Directional asymmetry levels were higher than FA levels for all traits, and this correlation could be explained by a transition from fluctuating to directional asymmetry in the presence of heightened disturbance. Our results validate the relationship between the impacts from the dam breach and increased developmental instability in this species with likely cascade effects on the insect community.

COVID-19 and Comorbidities: What Has Been Unveiled by Metabolomics?

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about diverse impacts on the global population. Individuals with comorbidities were more susceptible to the severe symptoms caused by the virus. Within the crisis scenario, metabolomics represents a potential area of science capable of providing relevant information for understanding the metabolic pathways associated with the intricate interaction between the viral disease and previous comorbidities. This work aims to provide a comprehensive description of the scientific production pertaining to metabolomics within the specific context of COVID-19 and comorbidities, while highlighting promising areas for exploration by those interested in the subject. In this review, we highlighted the studies of metabolomics that indicated a variety of metabolites associated with comorbidities and COVID-19. Furthermore, we observed that the understanding of the metabolic processes involved between comorbidities and COVID-19 is limited due to the urgent need to report disease outcomes in individuals with comorbidities. The overlap of two or more comorbidities associated with the severity of COVID-19 hinders the comprehension of the significance of each condition. Most identified studies are observational, with a restricted number of patients, due to challenges in sample collection amidst the emergent situation.

Human and Feline Sporotrichosis in a Reference Center of Southeastern Brazil: Genetic Differentiation, Diversity, and Antifungal Susceptibility of Sporothrix Species.

Sporotrichosis is a neglected subcutaneous fungal infection that affects humans and animals worldwide caused by species belonging to the genus Sporothrix. This study aims to examine the range of genetic variations, assess molecular epidemiology significance, and explore potential modes of transmission of the Sporothrix species associated with the current sporotrichosis outbreaks in Espírito Santo, Brazil. In this investigation, 262 samples were evaluated, including 142 from humans and 120 from felines, collected between 2016 and 2021. The isolates were identified based on morphological and molecular characteristics. Sexual idiomorphs were determined by mating-type PCR using primers specific to the MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 loci. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) was employed to assess the genetic variability of Sporothrix spp. Finally, antifungal susceptibility testing was performed following the CLSI M38-A2 protocol. Of the 142 human samples, 125 were identified as S. brasiliensis and 17 as S. schenckii s. str. The presence of S. brasiliensis was overwhelming (100%) during outbreaks, highlighting the significant role of domestic cats in the emergence of this species. Heterothallism was the only observed mating strategy. However, the MAT1-2 idiomorph was predominant in cases of cat-transmitted sporotrichosis (χ2 = 202.976; p < 0.0001). Our AFLP results show significant intraspecific variability observed among S. brasiliensis isolates in Espírito Santo. Different genotypes forming subgroups within the same population suggest that these isolates do not originate from a single ancestor, indicating multiple emergences. Furthermore, terbinafine was the antifungal with the best results in vitro. However, in clinical practice, itraconazole remains the primary treatment choice. Sporotrichosis continues to advance in the state; therefore, the health system must outline one-health strategies to contain the disease to prevent future epidemics.

Práticas Integrativas e Complementares em Saúde: a construção (in)completa da política em um município de grande porte no Brasil / Integrative and Complementary Practices in Health: the (in)complete construction of the policy in a large city in Brazil

RESUMO Objetiva-se analisar o processo de implantação, situação atual e perspectivas do Programa de Homeopatia, Acupuntura e Medicina Antroposófica (PRHOAMA) da rede pública de saúde de Belo Horizonte (Brasil) segundo as diretrizes da Política Nacional de Práticas Integrativas e Complementares (PNPIC). Realizou-se estudo de caso por meio de análise documental de 32 textos oficiais; dados secundários obtidos pelo número de profissionais e procedimentos ofertados em sistemas de informação em saúde; e realização de um grupo focal com profissionais do PRHOAMA. O programa foi implantado em 1994 nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS), configurando-se uma experiência pioneira no Brasil. As práticas são realizadas exclusivamente por médicos, o que diverge das recomendações da PNPIC, cujo modelo preconizado é o multiprofissional. O processo de institucionalização do PRHOAMA é parcial, não se configurando uma política pública consolidada. O PRHOAMA atende às diretrizes da PNPIC, tais como ênfase na Atenção Primária, divulgação e informação sobre as Práticas Integrativas e Complementares em Saúde (Pics). Entretanto, é necessário avançar na promoção do acesso aos medicamentos homeopáticos, na definição de mecanismos de financiamento e na ampliação da equipe gestora e de profissionais.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to analyze the process of implementation, the current situation and perspectives of the Homeopathy, Acupuncture and Anthroposophical Medicine Program (PRHOAMA) in public health service in Belo Horizonte (Brazil) considering the guidelines of the National Policy for Integrative and Complementary Practices (PNPIC). The case study was carried out through document analysis of 32 official texts, secondary data (number of professionals and procedures offered) in health information systems and a focus group with professionals of PRHOAMA. The program was implemented in 1994, in Basic Health Units (UBS), configuring itself as a pioneering experience in Brazil. Practices are performed exclusively by physicians, which diverges from the recommendations of the PNPIC, whose recommended the ideal model is multi-professional. PRHOAMA's institutionalization process is partial, not constituting a consolidated public policy. PRHOAMA complies with the PNPIC guidelines, such as emphasis on Primary Care, dissemination and information about Complementary Therapies. However, it is necessary to advance in the promotion of access to homeopathic medicines, in the definition of financing mechanisms and in the expansion of the management team and professionals.

Taxonomic diversity of Ochrotrichiinae (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Peru with the description of ten new species, a new distributional record, and an updated checklist.

We describe here ten new species of Ochrotrichiinae from southern Peru in genera Metrichia (7 new species), Ochrotrichia (1 new species), and Rhyacopsyche (2 new species). In addition to describing and illustrating male genitalia of the new species, we also highlight diagnostic features from antennae, head setal warts, and wing venation. These structures have received little attention in taxonomic studies of Hydroptilidae, and we think they may be useful in future morphological studies involving the family. We also record O. puyana for the first time from Peru, which was previously known only from Ecuador. Comments on the distribution of the Peruvian Ochrotrichiinae are also provided, along with a distributional map and an updated checklist of the species recorded in the country. This work revealed a total of 56 species of Ochrotrichiinae from Peru.

Comprehending Cardiac Dysfunction by Oxidative Stress: Untargeted Metabolomics of In Vitro Samples.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are noncommunicable diseases known for their complex etiology and high mortality rate. Oxidative stress (OS), a condition in which the release of free radical exceeds endogenous antioxidant capacity, is pivotal in CVC, such as myocardial infarction, ischemia/reperfusion, and heart failure. Due to the lack of information about the implications of OS on cardiovascular conditions, several methodologies have been applied to investigate the causes and consequences, and to find new ways of diagnosis and treatment as well. In the present study, cardiac dysfunction was evaluated by analyzing cells' alterations with untargeted metabolomics, after simulation of an oxidative stress condition using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in H9c2 myocytes. Optimizations of H2O2 concentration, cell exposure, and cell recovery times were performed through MTT assays. Intracellular metabolites were analyzed right after the oxidative stress (oxidative stress group) and after 48 h of cell recovery (recovery group) by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) in positive and negative ESI ionization mode. Significant alterations were found in pathways such as "alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism", "glycolysis", and "glutathione metabolism", mostly with increased metabolites (upregulated). Furthermore, our results indicated that the LC-MS method is effective for studying metabolism in cardiomyocytes and generated excellent fit (R2Y > 0.987) and predictability (Q2 > 0.84) values.

Foodborne pathogens in the omics era.

Outbreaks and deaths related to Foodborne Diseases (FBD) occur constantly in the world, as a result of the consumption of contaminated foodstuffs with pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp, Clostridium spp. and Campylobacter spp. The purpose of this review is to discuss the main omic techniques applied in foodborne pathogen and to demonstrate their functionalities through the food chain and to guarantee the food safety. The main techniques presented are genomic, transcriptomic, secretomic, proteomic, and metabolomic, which together, in the field of food and nutrition, are known as "Foodomics." This review had highlighted the potential of omics to integrate variables that contribute to food safety and to enable us to understand their application on foodborne diseases. The appropriate use of these techniques had driven the definition of critical parameters to achieve successful results in the improvement of consumers health, costs and to obtain safe and high-quality products.

Molecular-based assessment of diversity and population structure of Sporothrix spp. clinical isolates from Espírito Santo-Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous mycosis caused by Sporothrix species that affects humans and animals. Little information on the genetic diversity and population structure of the pathogen is available for Brazil, which is needed to design effective strategies to tackle the advance of sporotrichosis in endemic areas. OBJECTIVES: We assessed the genetic diversity and mating-type distribution of Sporothrix isolates recovered from human and feline cases of sporotrichosis in Espírito Santo-Brazil to better understand the population structure, epidemiology and diversification of this pathogen, as well as to explore the possible routes of transmission involved in the ongoing outbreaks. METHODS: In all, 75 Sporothrix isolates were identified with phenotypic characteristics. Then, fungal DNA extraction was performed, and the species-specific PCR technique was applied, using markers directed to the calmodulin gene. The mating-type idiomorph of species was identified by PCR using primers targeting the MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 loci. RESULTS: Among the 75 Sporothrix isolates, 76% were confirmed as S brasiliensis and 24% as S schenckii sensu stricto. S brasiliensis was more prevalent in the metropolitan area and S schenckii s. str. in the mountainous region of the state. In both species, the presence of the two sexual idiomorphs was detected, suggesting that they are heterothallic species. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that sporotrichosis takes on an epidemic-urban character involving S brasiliensis. This species in Espírito Santo is likely to originate from Rio de Janeiro, as most isolates harbour the same MAT 1-2 locus. We confirm that S brasiliensis has significantly broadened its area of occurrence, an essential feature of emerging pathogens.

Professores da educação básica estão aptos a prestar primeiros socorros? / Are teachers of primary education able to provide first aid?

Objetivo: Identificar qual conhecimento que os professores da educação básica possuem sobre primeiros socorros.Métodos:Estudo bibliográfico, descritivo, tipo revisão integrativa realizado entre maio e julho de 2020 com artigos dos últimos cinco anos das bases de dados PubMed, SciELO e LILACS acessadas pela Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) utilizando os descritores em Ciências da Saúde "primeiros socorros" e "professores" em português e inglês.Resultados:Foram incluídos neste estudo 40 artigos. Em geral, os conhecimentos dos professores foram baixos e insuficientes. No entanto, mais de 70% deles gostariam de aprender sobre o tema. Profissionais da saúde como fontes de conhecimento foram pouco referidos. Os estudos abordaram primeiros socorros a diferentes situações como acontecimentos gerais, epilepsia/convulsões, traumatismo/avulsão dentária, entre outros.Conclusões:Foi predominanteo baixo nível de conhecimento sobre primeiros socorros entre professores da educação básica evidenciando necessidade de investimentos na formação deprofessores no assunto e na parceria saúde-educação para promoverambientes escolares seguros.

Objective: Identify what knowledge primary education teachers have about first aid.Methods:A bibliographic, descriptive, integrative review study conducted between May and July, 2020 with articles from the last five years of PubMed, SciELO and LILACS databases,accessed by the Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) using the descriptors in Health Sciences: "first aid" and "teachers" in Portuguese and English.Results:40 articles were included in this study. In general, teachers' knowledge was low and insufficient. However, more than 70% of them would like tolearn about the subject. Health professionals as sources of knowledge were barely mentioned. The studies addressed first aid to different situations such asgeneral events, epilepsy/convulsions, dental trauma/avulsion, among others.Conclusions:The low level of knowledge about first aid among basic education teachers was predominant, showing the need for investments in teacher's training on the subject and inthe health-education partnership to promote safe school environments.

Análise das doenças crônicas, uso de medicamentos e funcionalidade de idosos em situação de rua / Chronic diseases, the use of medicines and the functionality of homeless elderly perons

Objetivos: analisar a ocorrência de doenças crônicas, uso de medicamentos, parâmetros de funcionalidade e fragilidade em idosos em situação de rua. Material e métodos: estudo descritivo com 12 idosos vivendo em situação de rua, residentes em casas de abrigo e albergues de Goiânia. Os dados foram coletados em formulário padronizado. As variáveis analisadas foram demográficas, de condições de saúde, parâmetros de funcionalidade e parâmetros de fragilidade. Os dados foram analisados de forma descritiva e a comparação de proporções foi realizada no STATA 12.0. O Projeto foi aprovado pelo CEP/UFG. Resultados: foram entrevistados 12 idosos, todos do sexo masculino, em sua maioria na faixa etária de 60-69 anos e com ensino fundamental completo/incompleto. Desses, 50% possuíam três ou mais doenças ­ sendo as mais frequentes hipertensão arterial, depressão (33,3%), diabetes mellitus (25,0%) ­ e 66,7% faziam uso de alguma medicação. Todos os idosos eram frágeis e houve maior prevalência de incapacidade funcional para as Atividades Instrumentais de Vida Diária (AIVD). Conclusão: a elevada prevalência de doenças crônicas, incapacidade e fragilidade nos idosos em situação de rua reforça a necessidade de ações específicas para esse grupo e de políticas que acolham suas necessidades de saúde.(AU)

Objectives: To analyze the occurrence of chronic diseases, use of medications, parameters of functionality, and frailty in elderly people living on the streets. Material and methods: Descriptive study with 12 elderly people living on the streets, living in shelters and shelters in Goiânia. The data were collected in a standardized form. The variables analyzed were demographic, health conditions, parameters of functionality, and parameters of frailty. The data were in a descriptive and proportional comparison in STATA 12.0. The Project was approved by CEP / UFG. Results: 12 elderly people were interviewed, all-male, mostly in the age group of 60-69 years old and with complete/incomplete elementary education. Of these, 50% had 3 or more diseases­ the most frequent being Arterial Hypertension, depression (33.3%), Diabetes Mellitus (25.0%) ­ and 66.7% used some medication. All the elderly were fragile and there was a higher prevalence of functional incapacity for Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL). Conclusion: the high prevalence of chronic diseases, disability, and frailty in the elderly on the street reinforces the need for specific actions for this group of policies that address their health needs.(AU)

Emprestar os ouvidos: a escuta da criança em acolhimento institucional / Lending the ears: listening to children in institutional care / Prestando los oídos: escuchando a los niños en cuidado institucional

O trabalho em instituição de acolhimento é complexo e também contraditório, podendo ocasionar grandes angústias. Este estudo teve por objetivo investigar de que modo profissionais que atuam em instituição de acolhimento realizam a escuta da criança. Trata-se de um estudo de caso coletivo sustentado na psicanálise, do qual participaram dez profissionais que responderam a uma entrevista mediada pela apresentação de uma figura do Teste de Apercepção Infantil - CAT, e uma entrevista semiestruturada. Os participantes demonstraram ambivalências na atuação profissional, notadamente em atividades que demandam maior proximidade e engajamento afetivo. Verificou-se que a escuta ativa tem sido realizada pelos entrevistados, promovendo sentimentos de tristeza, dor, impotência, insegurança, bem como dúvidas e sensação de despreparo diante dos relatos. Recomenda-se a formação continuada e o incentivo à escuta ativa, oferecendo recursos para que tal estratégia seja empregada visando ao melhor interesse da criança e considerando o bem-estar dos profissionais desse campo.

Working in a host institution is complex and contradictory and it might give rise to great anxiety. This study aims to investigate how professionals of host institutions undertake the process of listening to the child. Grounded in psychoanalysis, it is a collective case study: ten professionals responded to an interview based on the showing of a picture from the Children's Apperception Test (CAT), followed by a semi-structured interview. The respondents expressed ambivalence over their professional performance, notably in activities that demand greater closeness and affective engagement. It was found that the respondents had been engaged in active listening, which had led them to feelings of sadness, pain, helplessness, insecurity, as well as doubts and a sense of unpreparedness in face of the accounts. It is recommended that professionals be given continuing education, encouragement to practice active listening, and the resources necessary in order to pursue such goals, both for the benefit of the child and the well-being of those who work in this field.

El trabajo en una institución de acogimiento es complejo y contradictorio, lo que puede causar una gran angustia. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar cómo los profesionales que trabajan en una institución de acogimiento escuchan a los niños. Este es un estudio de caso colectivo basado en el psicoanálisis, en el cual participaron diez profesionales, que respondieron a una entrevista mediada por la presentación de una figura del Test de apercepción infantil CATA- y una entrevista semiestructurada. Los participantes demostraron ambivalencias en la actuación profesional, especialmente en actividades que requieren mayor proximidad y compromiso afectivo. Se detectó que el ejercicio de escuchar activamente ha sido realizado por los entrevistados, promoviendo sentimientos de tristeza, dolor, impotencia, inseguridad, así como dudas y sensación de no encontrarse preparado ante los relatos. Se recomienda la educación continua y el incentivo de la escucha activa, ofreciendo recursos para que dicha estrategia se emplee para despertar un mayor interés del niño y considerando el bienestar de los profesionales en este campo de trabajo.

Relation of Dental Anomalies with Occlusal Alterations in the Pediatric Patients

Objective: To identify the dental anomalies that can modify the occlusal characteristics and their distribution in these occlusal alterations in the skeletal patterns of children. Material and Methods: We analyzed charts, panoramic and periapical radiographs of children aged 5 to 12 years from 2009 to 2012. The facial pattern was evaluated through subjective face analysis and cephalometric data, as well as the occlusion of patients with and without (control) dental anomalies. The relationship between the presence of dental anomalies and malocclusion was analyzed by the Chi-square test with significance level of 5%. Results: 73 children (27.8%) presented dental anomalies, being 49.3% in girls and 50.7% in boys in a total of 88 teeth involved. Anomalies observed in decreasing order were: enamel hypoplasias, eruptive ectopias, agenesis, supernumerary teeth, corono-radicular dilaceration, microdontia, transposition and imperfect amelogenesis. Of these, 22.2% presented associated dental anomalies, whose ectopic eruption with enamel hypoplasia were the most frequently encountered. When comparing the control group with children with dental abnormalities it was observed a significant relationship between the presence of dental anomalies and malocclusion (p<0.05). The most frequent alteration among patients with dental anomalies was deep overbite (24.6%), followed by crowding (23.3%), posterior crossbite (14.2%), anterior open bite (12.9%) and anterior crossbite (0.3%). Conclusion: Dental dysgenesis interferes with the development of occlusion and the resulting occlusal problems are distributed differently, taking into account the skeletal facial pattern in patients with and without dental anomalies.

Influence of maternal confidence on exclusive breastfeeding until six months of age: a systematic review. / Influência da autoconfiança materna sobre o aleitamento materno exclusivo aos seis meses de idade: uma revisão sistemática.

Breastfeeding is a practice directly related to the health of the mother and especially the baby. Despite being a natural process, many mothers report difficulties with breastfeeding. This study aimed to seek scientific evidence on the issue: "Can a mother with more confidence in breastfeeding exclusively breastfeed her baby for 06 months?". We conducted a systematic review with a search in five electronic databases, and included four cohort studies for evaluation. We conducted a qualitative analysis of the results, considering the methodological differences and lack of data, and were unable to perform meta-analysis. Confidence in breastfeeding was evaluated by using the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale. The studies analyzed showed statistically significant association between the practice of breastfeed and confidence in breastfeeding. The application of a scale to evaluate trust and identify mothers at risk for early weaning appeared to be a reliable measurement tool, capable of facilitating action planning by health professionals. The evidence showed association between mothers with higher levels of confidence in breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months, but these results could not be generalized because of the heterogeneity of the population.

A amamentação é uma prática diretamente relacionada com a saúde da mãe e, principalmente, do bebê. Apesar de ser um processo natural, muitas mães relatam dificuldades. Este estudo objetivou buscar evidências científicas sobre a questão: "Mãe com mais confiança consegue amamentar exclusivamente por 6 meses?". Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática com busca em 5 bancos de dados eletrônicos, que resultou na inclusão de 4 estudos de coorte para avaliação. Realizou-se uma análise qualitativa dos resultados, porém não foi possível fazer a meta-análise. Autoconfiança em amamentar foi avaliada pela escala "Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale". Os estudos analisados mostraram que há associação estatística significante entre aleitamento materno exclusivo e autoconfiança em amamentar. A utilização da escala parece ser uma ferramenta confiável para identificar mães em risco para desmame precoce, facilitando o planejamento de ações pelos profissionais em saúde. As evidências obtidas mostraram a associação entre mães com maior confiança em amamentar e a amamentação exclusiva por 6 meses, porém estes resultados não podem ser generalizados devido à heterogeneidade das populações.

Marilia caramuru sp. nov. and Marilia paraguassu sp. nov. (Trichoptera: Odontoceridae), two new species from Maranhão State, Northeast Brazil.

Although the world species diversity of Marilia Müller 1880 is not great, knowledge about this group may be underestimated, since several areas are poorly studied, especially in Northeast Region, Brazil. Two new species are described and illustrated here based on specimens collected in Maranhão State, from which the genus has not been reported previously. Despite the similarity of Marilia caramuru sp. nov. with M. elongata Martynov 1912, differences between them are observed especially in segment X and preanal appendages, in addition to details of wing venation. The unique set of spiniform projections on endotheca, and the wrinkled prominence on sternum VIII distinguish Marilia paraguassu sp. nov. from all other species in the genus. The material examined has been deposited in the Coleção Entomológica Professor José Alfredo Pinheiro Dutra, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and in the Coleção Zoológica do Maranhão, UEMA, Maranhão, Brazil.

Two new species and updated checklist of Oxyethira Eaton, 1873 (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae) from Brazil

ABSTRACT Two new species of Oxyethira Eaton, 1873 are described: Oxyethira cascadanta sp. n. and Oxyethira quadrilobata sp. n. Description and illustrations of the new species are provided based on specimens collected in Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra, Minas Gerais State, Southeast Brazil. Both species are assigned to the subgenus Loxotrichia but differ from other species mainly in morphology of the subgenital plate, subgenital processes and inferior appendages. Additionally, we provide an updated checklist of the Oxyethira species from Brazil.

Two new species and updated checklist of Oxyethira Eaton, 1873 (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae) from Brazil.

Two new species of Oxyethira Eaton, 1873 are described: Oxyethira cascadanta sp. n. and Oxyethira quadrilobata sp. n. Description and illustrations of the new species are provided based on specimens collected in Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra, Minas Gerais State, Southeast Brazil. Both species are assigned to the subgenus Loxotrichia but differ from other species mainly in morphology of the subgenital plate, subgenital processes and inferior appendages. Additionally, we provide an updated checklist of the Oxyethira species from Brazil.

Influência da autoconfiança materna sobre o aleitamento materno exclusivo aos seis meses de idade: uma revisão sistemática / Influence of maternal confidence on exclusive breastfeeding until six months of age: a systematic review

Resumo A amamentação é uma prática diretamente relacionada com a saúde da mãe e, principalmente, do bebê. Apesar de ser um processo natural, muitas mães relatam dificuldades. Este estudo objetivou buscar evidências científicas sobre a questão: "Mãe com mais confiança consegue amamentar exclusivamente por 6 meses?". Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática com busca em 5 bancos de dados eletrônicos, que resultou na inclusão de 4 estudos de coorte para avaliação. Realizou-se uma análise qualitativa dos resultados, porém não foi possível fazer a meta-análise. Autoconfiança em amamentar foi avaliada pela escala "Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale". Os estudos analisados mostraram que há associação estatística significante entre aleitamento materno exclusivo e autoconfiança em amamentar. A utilização da escala parece ser uma ferramenta confiável para identificar mães em risco para desmame precoce, facilitando o planejamento de ações pelos profissionais em saúde. As evidências obtidas mostraram a associação entre mães com maior confiança em amamentar e a amamentação exclusiva por 6 meses, porém estes resultados não podem ser generalizados devido à heterogeneidade das populações.

Abstract Breastfeeding is a practice directly related to the health of the mother and especially the baby. Despite being a natural process, many mothers report difficulties with breastfeeding. This study aimed to seek scientific evidence on the issue: "Can a mother with more confidence in breastfeeding exclusively breastfeed her baby for 06 months?". We conducted a systematic review with a search in five electronic databases, and included four cohort studies for evaluation. We conducted a qualitative analysis of the results, considering the methodological differences and lack of data, and were unable to perform meta-analysis. Confidence in breastfeeding was evaluated by using the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale. The studies analyzed showed statistically significant association between the practice of breastfeed and confidence in breastfeeding. The application of a scale to evaluate trust and identify mothers at risk for early weaning appeared to be a reliable measurement tool, capable of facilitating action planning by health professionals. The evidence showed association between mothers with higher levels of confidence in breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months, but these results could not be generalized because of the heterogeneity of the population.

A new species of Polyplectropus Ulmer 1905 (Trichoptera: Polycentropodidae) from Minas Gerais State, southeastern Brazil.

The adult male of a new species of the genus Polyplectropus Ulmer 1905a is described and illustrated based on specimens collected in Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra, southeastern Brazil. Polyplectropus canastra sp. nov. can be distinguished from other Polyplectropus species by the shape of sternum IX, by the thumb-like mesolateral process of each preanal appendage, by the rectangular ventral branch of each inferior appendage in ventral view, and by the curved claw-like spines of the endothecal membrane. Among all species in the P. annulicornis Group, P. canastra is the only one with a bifid dorsolateral process of each preanal appendage and bearing spinules on the distal half of the rod-like lateral branch.

Three new species and a new record of Smicridea McLachlan 1871 (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) from Minas Gerais state, Brazil.

Three new species of Smicridea McLachlan 1871 are described and illustrated based on specimens collected in Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra and its surrounding area, Minas Gerais state, southeastern Brazil. Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) necator sp. nov. possibly belongs to the S. (R.) dispar Group, but its placement in this group is weakly supported; S. (Smicridea) franciscana sp. nov. belongs to the S. (S.) nigripennis Group based on morphology of the phallus; S. (S.) sepala sp. nov. is a member of the S. (S.) fasciatella Group, also based on the morphology of the phallus. A new record of S. (S.) sattleri Denning & Sykora 1968 is provided for Minas Gerais state, Brazil.

Diástase dos músculos retoabdominais no puerpério imediato de primíparas e multíparas após o parto vaginal / Diastasis of rectus abdominis muscle immediately postpartum of primiparous and multiparous after vaginal delivery

O presente estudo comparou a diástase dos músculos retoabdominais (DMRA) supra-umbilical (SU) e infra-umbilical (IU) entre primíparas e multíparas, correlacionou com a paridade, idade materna, índice de massa corporal (IMC) e tempo de trabalho de parto (TTP). Foram incluídas 100 primíparas com idade de 21,0±4,4 anos e 100 multíparas com idade de 27,2±6,2 anos submetidas ao parto vaginal. A DMRA foi avaliada nos pontos 4,5 cm acima e abaixo da cicatriz umbilical com o paquímetro. Foram empregados o test t de Student e correlação de Pearson, adotando-se p<0,05 em todas as análises. A DMRA SU foi 2,3±1,2 cm nas primíparas e 2,6±1,4 cm nas multíparas e na região IU de 1,2±0,9 cm e 1,2±1,0 cm, não havendo diferença entre os grupos. A DMRA SU foi significativamente maior na IU tanto nas primíparas e multíparas (p<0,0001). Foi verificada associação significativa entre a DMRA SU e IU e entre DMRA SU, paridade e idade. Não foram observadas correlações da DMRA SU com o IMC e o TPP, e nenhuma correlação da DMRA IU com as variáveis estudadas. A DMRA SU foi similar entre os grupos e maior do que a IU. Encontrou-se correlação significativa entre DMRA SU e IU e, entre a DMRA SU com paridade e idade.

The present study compared the diastasis of rectus abdominis muscle (DRAM) above and below umbilicus in primiparous and multiparous and correlated these with maternal's age, number of births, body mass index (BMI) and labour. Women's submitted to a vaginal delivery were included: 100 primiparous women (aged 21.0±4.4 years) and 100 multiparous women (27.2±6.2 years). The DRAM was measurements 4.5 cm above and below de umbilical scar with a caliper. Statistical analysis was conducted by Student's t–test for dependent samples and Pearson´s correlation, considering p<0.05. The DRAM above umbilicus in primiparous was 2.3±1.2 cm and 2.6±1.4 cm in multiparous and below umbilicus were 1.2±0.9 cm and 1.2±1.0, showing no difference. The DRAM above umbilicus was higher than below in primiparous and multiparous (p<0.0001). It was found a significant association between the DRAM above and below the umbilicus, and DRAM above umbilicus and maternal's age and number of births. No correlations with the BMI and labor were observed. DRAM above umbilicus was significantly greater in both groups, but similar when primiparous and multiparous were compared. A significant correlation was observed among DRAM above and below umbilicus, DRAM above umbilicus and maternal's age and number of births.