Syncope in Patients with Cardiac Pacemakers.

INTRODUCTION: It is challenging to diagnose syncope in patients with pacemakers. Because these patients have increased morbidity and mortality risks, they require immediate attention to determine the causes in order to provide appropriate treatment. This study aimed to investigate the causes and predictive factors of syncope as well as the methods used to diagnose syncope in cardiac pacemaker patients. METHODS: Patients with pacemakers implanted owing to sinus node disease or atrioventricular block were evaluated with standardized questionnaires, endocavitary electrograms, and other tests based on the suspected causes of syncope. Mann- Whitney U tests were used to analyze continuous variables and Chi-squared or Fisher's exact tests were used for categorical variables. Logistic regression was used for multivariate analyses. Statistical significance was P<0.05. RESULTS: The study included 95 patients with pacemakers: 47 experienced syncope in the last 12 months and 48 did not. Of the 100 documented episodes of syncope, 48.9% were vasovagal syncopes, 17% had cardiac-related causes, 10.6% had unknown causes, and 8.5% had pacemaker failure. The multivariate analysis showed that a New York Heart Association (NYHA) Functional Class II was a significant factor for developing syncope (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: While the most common type of syncope in pacemaker patients was neurally mediated, it is important to perform detailed evaluations in this population as the causes of syncope can be life-threatening. The best diagnostic methods were stored electrogram analysis and the tilt table test. NYHA Functional Class II patients were found to have a higher risk for syncope.

Drug prescription errors in a Brazilian hospital.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the prevalence of clinically significant prescription errors in a Brazilian university hospital compared with their occurrence in 2003 and 2007. METHODS: Variables and group of variables, such as readability, compliance with legal and institutional procedures of prescription, and prescription errors analysis were analyzed. RESULTS: When the prevalence rates of clinically significant prescription errors were calculated, a statistically significant decrease was shown [year of 2003 (29.25%), year of 2007 (24.20%); (z = 2.99; p = 0.03)], reflecting on the safety rate [year of 2003 (70.75%), year of 2007 (75.80%); (z = 3.30; p =0.0001)]. CONCLUSION: Despite significant, the increased safety rate reflected the quantitative reduction of errors, with no observed difference in severity between the studied periods. Our results suggest the institutional steps taken could reduce the number of errors, but they were ineffective in reducing the severity of the errors.

Erros de prescrição de medicamentos em um hospital brasileiro / Drug prescription errors in a Brazilian hospital

OBJETIVO: Identificar a prevalência de erros clinicamente significativos em prescrição de hospital universitário brasileiro, comparando sua ocorrência em 2003 e 2007. MÉTODOS: Análise das prescrições quanto às variáveis/grupo de variáveis como legibilidade, cumprimento de procedimentos legais e institucionais e análise de erros de prescrição. RESULTADOS: Quando calculadas as taxas de prevalência dos erros de prescrição clinicamente significativos, evidenciou-se uma redução estatisticamente significante [ano 2003 (29,25 por cento), ano 2007 (24,20 por cento); (z = 2,99; p = 0,03)], sendo refletido sobre a taxa de segurança [ano 2003 (70,75 por cento), ano 2007 (75,80 por cento); (z = 3,30; p = 0,0001]. CONCLUSÃO: Apesar de significativo, o aumento na taxa de segurança foi reflexo da redução quantitativa dos erros, não sendo observada diferença na gravidade dos mesmos entre os períodos. Nossos resultados sugerem que as medidas institucionais adotadas foram capazes de reduzir o número de erros, mas foram inefetivas na redução da gravidade dos mesmos.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the prevalence of clinically significant prescription errors in a Brazilian university hospital compared with their occurrence in 2003 and 2007. METHODS: Variables and group of variables, such as readability, compliance with legal and institutional procedures of prescription, and prescription errors analysis were analyzed. RESULTS: When the prevalence rates of clinically significant prescription errors were calculated, a statistically significant decrease was shown [year of 2003 (29.25 percent), year of 2007 (24.20 percent); (z = 2.99; p = 0.03)], reflecting on the safety rate [year of 2003 (70.75 percent), year of 2007 (75.80 percent); (z = 3.30; p =0.0001)]. CONCLUSION: Despite significant, the increased safety rate reflected the quantitative reduction of errors, with no observed difference in severity between the studied periods. Our results suggest the institutional steps taken could reduce the number of errors, but they were ineffective in reducing the severity of the errors.

Eventos trombóticos em dois irmãos com trombofilia / Thrombotic events in two siblings with thrombophilia

Apresentaremos à seguir o caso clínico de dois irmãos com diferentes apresentações de fenômenos trombóticos, nos quais foi constatado a mutação da protrombina.

We describe the clinical case of two siblings with different presentations of thrombotic phenomena, in which prothrombin mutation was observed.

Thrombotic events in two siblings with thrombophilia.

We describe the clinical case of two siblings with different presentations of thrombotic phenomena, in which prothrombin mutation was observed.