Functional outcomes and quality of life in patients who undergone conventional or endoscopic/robotic retroauricular neck dissection: a case-control study.

Background: Neck dissection performed via retroauricular approach emerged as an alternative to the conventional approach, aiming to maintain therapeutic efficacy with lower postoperative morbidity. Differences among these modalities in terms of functional aspects and quality of life (QOL) remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate the anatomical and functional aspects and the QOL in patients undergoing unilateral neck dissection via conventional or retroauricular (endoscopic or robotic) access. Methods: This study involved consecutively 35 patients who underwent unilateral neck dissection for head and neck cancer, 25 submitted to the conventional surgery [conventional group (CG)] and 10 to the retroauricular approach [retroauricular group (RG)]. Patients were evaluated preoperatively and on the 30th postoperative day (POD) regarding range of motion (ROM) of the cervical spine and shoulder, trapezius muscle strength and QOL. Results: The CG and RG were similar in terms of anthropometric, clinical and surgical variables. The mean age of both groups was between 52 and 55 years old. There was a predominance of females in the CG (52%) and males in the RG (70%); P=0.08. The most affected site was the oropharynx followed by the thyroid in the two groups and the most frequently dissected levels were I-III in both groups. There was a difference in the length of hospital stay {CG: 5 [1-22] days and RG: 2 [1-6] days; P=0.02} and pain scores at the 30th POD was higher in CG group (P=0.002). Regarding the cervical spine ROM, it was better in RG in the 30th POD for neck extension, ipsilateral lateroflexion, contralateral lateroflexion and contralateral rotation (P<0.05). No significant differences were found regarding shoulder ROM. Trapezius muscle strength, was also higher at the 30th POD in RG group (P<0.05). QOL was most impacted in the CG in the Chewing and Shoulder domains and Physical Function dimension at the 30th POD (P<0.05). Conclusions: Postoperative functional morbidity was lower in patients undergoing retroauricular neck dissection. The cervical spine ROM and trapezius muscle strength were better in patients undergoing retroauricular approach and postoperative QOL was worse in patients undergoing conventional neck dissection.

Adherence to a shoulder dysfunction physical therapy protocol after neck dissection with accessory nerve preservation in head-and-neck cancer patients: An uncontrolled clinical trial.

Objective: Accessory nerve (AN) manipulation or resection during neck dissection (ND) generates accessory nerve shoulder dysfunction (ANSD). The aim of the present study was to assess adherence to a supervised physiotherapy protocol and subsequent changes in the functionality scores of patients with ASND with accessory nerve (AN) preservation. Methods: This study consisted of an uncontrolled clinical trial was carried out at the Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology at the A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, comprising progressive isotonic and isometric strengthening of scapular stabilizer muscles. In patients with head-and-neck cancer underwent ND with AN preservation and patients with ANSD. Shoulder range of motion (ROM), middle trapezius, lower trapezius, rhomboid and anterior serratus muscle strength, pain, and quality of life (QoL) were measured in the pre-operative and 1st and 3rd post-operative months. There were included patients over 18 years old, with head-and-neck cancer who underwent ND with AN preservation and patients with ANSD. Results: A total of 55 patients were evaluated, with a mean age of 53 (±13.23). Significant improvement in the functionality scores of almost all variables between pre- and post- physiotherapy was observed. Most patients (70.9%) adhered and completed the protocol, obtaining significantly greater ROM abduction (P = 0.009) and lower trapezius strength (P = 0.011) than partially performing patients. Conclusion: When performed completely, the proposed physiotherapy protocol can minimize loss in muscle movements and strength, especially limited after ND. The results indicate that the proposed protocol is safe and has the potential to reduce ANSD.

Results of preoperative electrical stimulation of pelvic floor muscles in the continence status following radical retropubic prostatectomy.

PURPOSE: To evaluate preoperative rectal electrical stimulation in the recovery of urinary continence in patients who undergo radical retropubic prostatectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients were divided into 3 randomized groups: control, pelvic exercises, and electrical stimulation. A 1 hour pad-test, the ICIQ-SF, and the SF-36 were performed 1, 3, and 6 months after the surgical procedure. RESULTS: Of the 58 patients who were initially included in the study, 9 were excluded due to radiotherapy after surgical intervention, an indwelling urethral catheter for more than 30 days, high surgical risk, loss of follow-up, or incomplete participation in the study routines and spontaneous interruption. Forty-nine patients concluded the study (15 in the control group, 17 in the exercise group, and 17 in the electrical stimulation group). We did not observe any significant difference in the pad test (p > 0.05), the 8 domains of the SF-36, or ICIQ-SF score compared with control groups (control, exercise, and electrical stimulation). CONCLUSION: Preoperative rectal electrical stimulation has no impact on continence status in patients who undergo radical retropubic prostatectomy. There is no difference in the three above mentioned groups with regard to urinary leakage and quality of life.

Results of preoperative electrical stimulation of pelvic floor muscles in the continence status following radical retropubic prostatectomy

Purpose To evaluate preoperative rectal electrical stimulation in the recovery of urinary continence in patients who undergo radical retropubic prostatectomy. Materials and Methods Patients were divided into 3 randomized groups: control, pelvic exercises, and electrical stimulation. A 1 hour pad-test, the ICIQ-SF, and the SF-36 were performed 1, 3, and 6 months after the surgical procedure. Results Of the 58 patients who were initially included in the study, 9 were excluded due to radiotherapy after surgical intervention, an indwelling urethral catheter for more than 30 days, high surgical risk, loss of follow-up, or incomplete participation in the study routines and spontaneous interruption. Forty-nine patients concluded the study (15 in the control group, 17 in the exercise group, and 17 in the electrical stimulation group). We did not observe any significant difference in the pad test (p > 0.05), the 8 domains of the SF-36, or ICIQ-SF score compared with control groups (control, exercise, and electrical stimulation). Conclusion Preoperative rectal electrical stimulation has no impact on continence status in patients who undergo radical retropubic prostatectomy. There is no difference in the three above mentioned groups with regard to urinary leakage and quality of life. .

Dificuldades para obter informaçöes da populaçäo de mulheres sobre aborto ilegal / Difficulties encountered in gathering information on illegal abortion of women population

Qualquer tentativa de se investigar a prática de abortos ilegais deve lidar com o problema de estar perguntando às mulheres acerca de um tema delicado, sensível, com implicaçöes múltiplas, o que leva a dificuldades para se obter informaçöes verazes. O estudo realizado enfoca principalmente aspectos metodológicos de uma pesquisa realizada junto a uma populaçäo de mulheres de 15 a 49 anos de idade, com o objetivo de verificar a freqüência e as condiçöes em que era feito o aborto provocado em uma regiäo do Estado de Säo Paulo (Brasil). Foram entrevistadas, em seus domicílios, 1.955 mulheres. Utilizou-se um questionário estruturado e pré-testado. A maioria das entrevistadas declarou nunca ter abortado nem pensado em fazê-lo, enquanto 4 por cento referiram alguma vez ter feito aborto; 16,7 por cento disseram que, pelo menos uma vez, tomaram chá-remédio para menstruar. Entre as que acreditaram estar grávidas na ocasiäo, a maioria informou nunca ter abortado, apesar de terem menstruado quando ingeriram chá/remédio. Os resultados permitiram concluir que as mulheres tendem a omitir a informaçäo sobre a prática de aborto quando perguntadas diretamente sobre isso. Especialmente aquelas que o induzem por ingestäo de substâncias parecem näo reconhecer esse ato como sendo uma forma de interromper a gestaçäo

Características atuais associadas à história de aborto provocado / Current characteristics associated with the history of induced abortion

Com o objetivo de analisar a associaçäo de algumas características sociodemográficas atuais com o fato de ter realizado ou näo um aborto, foram estudadas 138 alunas de uma universidade brasileira, que haviam tido pelo menos uma gravidez. Essas alunas foram identificadas dentre as 937 que devolveram, pelo correio, questionário auto-respondido, anonimamente, distribuído a todas as alunas da graduaçäo. As alunas foram divididas em dois grupos, segundo tenham feito pelo menos um aborto ou näo. Constatou-se que a maior proporçäo de mulheres que havia abortado esteve entre aquelas com até 24 anos de idade, sem companheiro, sem religiäo e sem nenhum filho vivo por ocasiäo do estudo. A análise por regressäo logística apontou näo ter filhos vivos como característica atual associada à realizaçäo de um aborto

Aborto provocado: diferencas entre pensamento e acao / Induced abortion: diferences between thought and action

Sao apresentados resultados de uma pesquisa sobre aborto provocado, realizada em 1990, entre alunas e funcionarias de uma universidade do Estado de Sao Paulo. Foram distribuidos questionarios pre-testados para serem auto-respondidos e devolvidos pelo correio atraves de um envelope carta-resposta comercial, o que garantiu o sigilo. Foram recebidos 1987 questionarios respondidos pelas funcionarias. Os dados deste trabalho referem-se a 369 funcionarias que alguma vez pensaram em provocar aborto. Dessas 264 realmente o fizeram. Foram estudadas suas caracteristicas socio-demograficas por ocasiao da pesquisa. Ao analisar idade, total de gravidezes e estado marital, as maiores porcentagens foram observadas entre as mulheres que pensaram em abortar e realmemnte o fizeram. Setenta e sete por cento dessas tinham 40 anos ou mais, 80 por cento tinham cinco ou mais gravidezes e 85 por cento eram solteiras. Quanto ao grau de escolaridade, a maior porcentagem foi observada entre as mulheres com alguma educacao universitaria (80 por cento). Os resultados obtidos atraves da regressao logistica mostraram que, tanto ao estudar todas as mulheres que pensaram em abortar, quanto as que declararam ter alguma religiao, o aborto foi mais frequente entre as com menor numero de filhos vivos, maior numero de gravidezes, alguma...