Non-Destructive Genotyping of Cultivars and Strains of Sesame through NIR Spectroscopy and Chemometrics.

The differentiation of cultivars is carried out by means of morphological descriptors, in addition to molecular markers. In this work, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) and chemometric techniques were used to develop classification models for two different commercial sesame cultivars (Sesamum indicum) and 3 different strains. The diffuse reflectance spectra were recorded in the region of 700 to 2500 nm. Based on the application of chemometric techniques: principal component analysis-PCA, hierarchical cluster analysis-HCA, k-nearest neighbor-KNN and the flexible independent modeling of class analogy-SIMCA, from the infrared spectra in the near region, it was possible to perform the genotyping of two sesame cultivars (BRS Seda and BRS Anahí), and to classify these cultivars with 3 different sesame strains, obtaining 100% accurate results. Due to the good results obtained with the implemented models, the potential of the methods for a possible realization of forensic, fast and non-destructive authentication, in intact sesame seeds was evident.

Evaluation of antiplasmodial activity and cytotoxicity assays of amino acids functionalized magnetite nanoparticles: Hyperthermia and flow cytometry applications.

We report the synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles (MNP) and their functionalization with glycine (MNPGly), ß-alanine (MNPAla), L-phenylalanine (MNPPhAla), D-(-)-α-phenylglycine (MNPPhGly) amino acids. The functionalized nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), Mössbauer spectroscopy (MS), magnetic hyperthermia (MH), dynamic light scattering and zeta potential. The functionalized nanoparticles had isoelectric points (IEP) at pH ≃ 4.4, 5.8, 5.9 and 6.8 for samples MNPGly, MNPAla, MNPPhGly and MNPPhAla, respectively, while pure magnetite had an IEP at pH 5.6. In the MH experiments, the samples showed specific absorption rate (SAR) of 64, 71, 74, 81 and 66 W/g for MNP, MNPGly, MNPAla, MNPPhGly, and MNPPhAla, respectively. We used a flow cytometric technique to determine the cellular magnetic nanoparticles plus amino acids content. Magnetic fractionation and characterization of Resovist® magnetic nanoparticles were performed for applications in magnetic particle imaging (MPI). We have also studied the antiproliferative and antiparasitic effects of functionalized MNPs. Overall, the data showed that the functionalized nanoparticles have great potential for using as environmental, antitumor, antiparasitic agents and clinical applications.

Antifungal activity of Copaíba resin oil in solution and nanoemulsion against Paracoccidioides spp.

Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a disease caused by fungi of the genus Paracoccidioides. The disease is responsible for high rates of premature deaths and socioeconomic repercussions. The limitations of antifungal agents against PCM have motivated the search for new compounds. In our ongoing exploration of Cerrado plants as potential sources of new antifungal agents, we selected Copaifera langsdorffii oil (Copaíba resin oil) in order to explore its bioactive potential and test a formulation to increase oil stability and solubilization employing Pluronic F-127 to obtain the nanoemulsion of the oil. We aim at testing both Copaíba resin oil and its nanoemulsion against four species of the Paracoccidioides genus. We performed cytotoxicity test in Balb/C3T3 cells, hemolytic activity and interaction of Copaíba resin oil and Copaíba resin oil nanoemulsion (CopaPlu) with the antifungal agents such as amphotericin B, co-trimoxazole, and itraconazole. Moreover, the Copaíba resin oil was analyzed by mass spectrometry to identify its chemical profile. Eventually, a new methodology to prepare the nanoemulsion is presented. The Copaíba resin oil and CopaPlu nanoemulsion inhibited Paracoccidioides sp. growth efficiently, and no cytotoxicity or hemolytic effect was observed at minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). When combined with amphotericin B, Copaíba resin oil and its nanoemulsion showed an additive effect with reduction of MIC values. The Copaíba resin oil and CopaPlu nanoemulsion is a promising antifungal agent against Paracoccidioides.

Growth, physiological and immune responses of Arapaima gigas (Arapaimidae) to Aeromonas hydrophila challenge and handling stress following feeding with immunostimulant supplemented diets.

The current study tested the efficacy of a dietary immunostimulant additive (Aquate Fish™®) on the growth performance, and on the physiological and immune responses of Arapaima gigas. Two trials were carried out: a feeding trial for 30 days with the experimental diets and a challenge trial for 7 days, in which fish were bacterial challenge (Aeromonas hydrophila) following by 60 s handling stress. During the feeding trial, fingerlings were fed diets supplemented with 0 (control), 6, 9 and 12 g Aquate Fish™®/kg diet. Dietary supplementation did not influence feed intake, feed conversion and condition factor, but increased the final biomass, number of erythrocytes, thrombocytes, leukocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, hemoglobin, glucose, globulins and plasma triglycerides in fish fed at a concentration of 12 g/kg diet. After bacterial infection, mortality occurred only in fish fed control treatment, whereas respiratory burst of leukocytes, number of leukocytes and lymphocytes increased in fish that received 12 g of dietary supplementation. The results indicated that dietary supplementation with 12 g of Aquate Fish™® improved biomass and immunity performance of A. gigas fingerlings, without negatively affecting blood biochemical parameters.

Hematological and biochemical responses of pirarucu (Arapaima gigas, Arapaimidae) fed with diets containing a glucomannan product derived from yeast and algae / Respostas hematológicas e bioquímicas de pirarucu (Arapaima gigas, Arapaimidae) alimentado com dietas contendo mananoligossacarídeos derivados de leveduras e algas

ABSTRACT The hematological and biochemical responses of pirarucu fingerlings (Arapaima gigas) fed with diets containing different concentrations of a glucomannan product derived from yeast and algae were evaluated in order to ascertain the effect of these diets on fish physiology. Four treatments were conducted, with three replications, with 12 fish in each tank. The product evaluated (MycosorbA+(r)) was incorporated into the commercial diet, at four concentrations: 0, 1, 2 and 4 g.kg-1, called M0%, M0.1%, M0.2% and M0.4%, respectively. After 45 days of feeding, blood samples from six fish in each replicate were collected to perform the analyses. Their weight and length were determined to calculate the condition factor and weight gain, but no differences (P > 0.05) were observed among the treatments. No changes to the hematocrit, hemoglobin or erythrocyte levels or to the hematimetric indices of the pirarucus were observed. The glucose and triglyceride levels of the pirarucus in the M0.1% and M0.2% groups were significantly lower than those of the M0% group. The M0.2% group showed higher albumin levels (P < 0.05) than M0% and M0.4%. The M0.4% group showed a total cholesterol level that was significantly higher than in all other treatments. MycosorbA+(r) contributed towards increasing the levels of defense cells in A. gigas. It would be possible to use this product at concentrations of between 0.1% and 0.2%, given that they increase the levels of some defense cells and plasma albumin concentrations, without changes to hematological parameters, cholesterol and triglyceride plasma levels or condition factor.

RESUMO As características hematológicas e bioquímicas de alevinos de pirarucu Arapaima gigas alimentados com diferentes concentrações de mananoligossacarídeos derivados de leveduras e algas na dieta foram avaliadas para verificar o efeito sobre sua fisiologia. Quatro tratamentos foram conduzidos com três repetições (12 peixes em cada). O produto avaliado (MycosorbA+(r)) foi incorporado à ração comercial, em quatro níveis: 0, 1, 2 e 4 g kg-1 de ração, denominados M0%, M0,1%, M0,2% e M0,4%, respectivamente. Após 45 dias de alimentação, amostras de sangue de seis peixes de cada repetição foram coletadas para realização das análises. O peso e comprimento foram obtidos para cálculo do fator de condição e ganho de peso, entretanto, não foram observadas diferenças (P>0,05) entre os tratamentos. Assim como não foram observadas alterações nos valores de hematócrito, hemoglobina, eritrócitos e índices hematimétricos dos pirarucus. A concentração de glicose e triglicérides dos pirarucus dos grupos M0,1% e M0,2% foram significativamente menores que o tratamento M0%. Os peixes do tratamento M0,2% apresentaram níveis de albumina maior (P<0,05) que do M0% e M0,4%. Os peixes alimentados com M0,4% mostraram nível de colesterol total significativamente maior que todos os demais tratamentos. MycosorbA+(r) contribuiu para o aumento das células de defesa de A. gigas, podendo ser utilizado nas concentrações de 0,1% a 0,2%, devido ao aumento do número de certas células de defesa e dos níveis plasmáticos de albumina e por não ter sido observadas outras alterações nos parâmetros hematológicos, nos níveis plasmáticos de colesterol e triglicérides e no fator de condição.

Tectona grandis leaf extract, free and associated with nanoemulsions, as a possible photosensitizer of mouse melanoma B16 cell.

Over the past six years we have been studying extracts from tropical, specially Amazon, plants, to search for new sensitizers for photodynamic therapy of cancer and infectious diseases. Tectona grandis is a genus of tropical hardwood trees in the mint family, Lamiaceae. That is native to south and southeast Asia, but since the end of the 20th century is also gaining ground in the Amazon. The present work aims to evaluate the photodynamic potential of hydro-alcoholic extract from Tectona grandis LF leaves (TGE) and the same extract prepared as the oil-water nanoemulsion (TGE-NE) against melanoma B16 F10 cells. The method for preparation of a stable nanoemulsion with ~20nm particles associated to the TGE (TGE-NE) was successfully developed. We have shown that both free and nanostructured presentations possess the ability to sensitize B16 F10 cells to red light of the LED in vitro. Photodynamic effect was observed for both TGE and TGE-NE because toxicity increased under illumination with red light. While TGE was highly toxic towards melanoma cells under illumination with red light of the LED, it also possessed significant dark toxicity towards both B16 F10 and murine fibroblast NIH3T3 cells. The TGE-NE showed reasonable photocytotoxicity and was much less toxic towards normal cells in the dark compared to free TGE.

Photodynamic therapy mediated by acai oil (Euterpe oleracea Martius) in nanoemulsion: A potential treatment for melanoma.

Melanoma is the most aggressive and lethal form of skin cancer, responsible for >80% of deaths. Standard treatments for late-stage melanoma usually present poor results, leading to life-threatening side effects and low overall survival. Thus, it is necessary to rethink treatment strategies and design new tools for the treatment of this disease. On that ground, we hereby report the use of acai oil in nanoemulsion (NanoA) as a novel photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy (PDT) used to treat melanoma in in vitro and in vivo experimental models. NIH/3T3 normal cells and B16F10 melanoma cell lines were treated with PDT and presented 85% cell death for melanoma cells, while maintaining high viability in normal cells. Flow cytometry indicated that cell death occurred by late apoptosis/necrosis. Tumor bearing C57BL/6 mice treated five times with PDT using acai oil in nanoemulsion showed tumor volume reduction of 82% in comparison to control/tumor group. Necrotic tissue per tumor area reached its highest value in PDT-treated mice, supporting PDT efficacy. Overall, acai oil in nanoemulsion was an effective photosensitizer, representing a promising source of new photosensitizing molecules for PDT treatment of melanoma, a tumor with an inherent tendency to be refractory for this type of therapy.

Lethal dose and clinical signs of Aeromonas hydrophila in Arapaima gigas (Arapaimidae), the giant fish from Amazon.

Aeromonas hydrophila is causing substantial economic losses in world aquaculture. This study determined the tolerance limit (LD50-96h) of A. hydrophila in Arapaima gigas, and also investigated the clinical signs after intradermal inoculation. Arapaima gigas fingerlings were inoculated intraperitoneally with 0 (control), 1.0×10(5), 1.0×10(6), 1.0×10(7), 1.0×10(9) and 1.0×10(10)CFU/mL of A. hydrophila for the determination of LD50-96h, which was 1.8×10(8)CFU/mL. In another trial with intradermal inoculation of 1.8×10(8)CFU/mL A. hydrophila, there was a 91.6% of mortality between 8 and 23h, and several clinical signs were found. As follows: depigmentation in the tegument, lesions in the tail and fins, loss of balance, reduction of respiratory movements, hemorrhagic foci, necrotic hemorrhages in the kidney, liver and swim bladder, splenomegaly, ascites in the abdominal cavity and hyperemia, enlargement of the gall bladder, among other clinical signs observed. The results showed that A. gigas has a relative tolerance to A. hydrophila when compared to other Neotropical fish species.

Hipnosis como complemento en la cirugía oral del adulto mayor / Hypnosis as a complement to oral surgery in elderly persons

Introducción: el envejecimiento poblacional es un fenómeno mundial y la cirugía oral es compleja en los adultos mayores, por lo que la preparación preoperatoria es de vital importancia para una evolución satisfactoria. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo demostrar la eficacia de la hipnosis en pacientes con temor en la cirugía oral del adulto mayor. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal, con muestra de 20 pacientes de 60 años o más, atendidos en la consulta de Cirugía Maxilofacial del Hospital Universitario Comandante Manuel Fajardo, en el año 2011, donde se analizaron las variables edad, sexo, número de sesiones de hipnosis, antecedentes patológicos, diagnósticos más frecuentes y temor. Resultados: el mayor número de pacientes se encontró entre 60-69 años de edad, (70 por ciento) y el menor en 70-79, (30 por ciento). El sexo femenino prevaleció con 70 por ciento. El número de sesiones fue en el grupo de 60-69 con 58, con un promedio total de 4 por pacientes. En los antecedentes patológicos más frecuentes fue la hipertensión arterial en 14 (70 por ciento) y le siguió la diabetes tipo II en 2 (10 por ciento). En los diagnósticos más frecuentes fue la caries de cuarto grado con 10 (50 por ciento) seguido por los dientes parodontósicos con 4 (20 por ciento). El temor se midió en una escala confeccionada, en la que los pacientes con cifras de l0, 8 y 7 se redujeron a 4 y 5. Conclusiones: Se demuestra la efectividad de la terapia de hipnosis para disminuir el temor y realizar la cirugía oral en el adulto mayor(AU)

Introduction: population aging is a worldwide phenomenon, and oral surgery is complex in elderly patients. Therefore, preoperative preparation is vital to their satisfactory evolution. The purpose of the present paper is to show the efficacy of hypnosis in elderly patients who fear oral surgery. Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 20 patients aged 60 or over, cared for at the maxillofacial surgery service of Comandante Manuel Fajardo University Hospital in the year 2011. The variables analyzed were age, sex, number of hypnotic sessions, disease history, most frequent diagnoses and fear. Results: most patients fell into the 60-69 age group (70 percent). The remaining 30 percent were in the 70-79 age group. Female sex predominated with 70 percent. The highest number of sessions was 58 in the 60-69 age group, with an average of 4 per patient. The most frequent pathological antecedents were hypertension in 14 (70 percent), followed by type II diabetes in 2 (10 percent). The most common diagnoses were fourth degree caries in 10 (50 percent), followed by parodontic teeth in 4 (20 percent). Fear was measured with a dedicated scale on which patient scores of 10, 8 and 7 were reduced to 4 and 5. Conclusions: hypnotic therapy was shown to be effective to relieve fear of oral surgery in elderly persons(AU)

La maxilectomía en las neoplasias del macizo facial. Sistema de clasificación del Instituto Nacional de Oncología y Radiobiología / The maxillectomy in cases of neoplasms of facial area: Classification system of National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology

La maxilectomía es una de las intervenciones quirúrgicas indicada para el tratamiento de las neoplasias de la región facial. Esta técnica comprende la resección del maxilar y de algunas estructuras anatómicas adyacentes. Se encuentran una gran variedad de términos para definir tipos y subtipos de maxilectomía que conllevan a mucha confusión. Al no existir una herramienta única y normada internacionalmente, aún hoy presupone un reto el procedimiento de clasificación y tratamiento. En las clasificaciones actuales de la maxilectomía se encuentran autores que defienden tratamientos muy radicales y otros los tratamientos conservadores o parciales. El objetivo del trabajo es presentar el sistema de clasificación para la maxilectomía utilizado en el Instituto Nacional de Oncología y Radiobiología (INOR). Se realizó una actualización del tema y se presenta la propuesta de clasificación para la maxilectomía. Se concluyó que siempre que la resección del tumor sea completa y se logre un buen margen de seguridad, se puede plantear que no existe diferencia en los resultados entre el tipo de maxilectomía realizada y el intervalo libre de enfermedad y que sin una norma internacional, la decisión terapéutica se apoya más en las convicciones y resultados personales de los grupos de investigadores, que en un consenso global(AU)

The maxillectomy is one of the surgical interventions prescribed for the neoplasms treatment of facial area. This technique involves the resection of maxilla and of some adjacent anatomical structures. There are many terms defining the types and subtypes of maxillectomy creating confusion. Since there is not only tool and worldwide standardized, nowadays the classification and treatment procedure is still a challenge. In current classification systems of maxillectomy there are authors advocating very radical treatments and other favoring the conservative or partial treatments. The aim of present paper is to present a classification system for Maxillectomy used in the National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology (NIOR). We concluded that provided that tumor resection be complete and with a good safety margin, it is possible to propose that there is not difference in results between the type of maxillectomy performed and the disease-free interval and that without an international standard, the therapeutical decision rely more in personal convictions and results achieved by the researcher groups than in a global consensus(AU)

Infecciones respiratorias altas recurrentes: algunas consideraciones / Recurrent upper respiratory infections: some considerations

Las infecciones respiratorias agudas constituyen la primera causa de consultas médicas y de morbilidad, tanto en los países desarrollados como en los países en vías de desarrollo. Los niños menores de 5 años tienen algunas características fisiológicas e inmunológicas que los hacen más susceptibles para presentar estos procesos respiratorios. A pesar que las infecciones respiratorias agudas bajas concentran habitualmente la atención por su mayor complejidad, costo del tratamiento y complicaciones, son las altas las que se presentan en mayor número en la consulta ambulatoria. Por la frecuente presentación en la consulta de alergología y por la carga de ansiedad que se genera en los familiares de estos niños con infecciones respiratorias recurrentes, nos decidimos a realizar una revisión sobre algunos aspectos de interés relacionados con ellas. Nuestro objetivo es mejorar el conocimiento de estas entidades, para identificar aquellos niños con mayor riesgo de presentar recurrencia de estas infecciones respiratorias. Estas entidades, que en su mayoría son de etiología viral y curso limitado, son causa importante de uso y abuso de medicamentos, entre ellos, los antibióticos, con efectos perjudiciales en la salud de los niños.

Acute respiratory infections are the first cause of visits to the physician's offices and of morbidity in the developing and developed countries. Children under 5 have some physiological and immunological characteristics that make them more susceptible to present these respiratory processes. In spite of the fact that the lower respiratory infection usually attracts the attention due to their greater complexity, cost of treatment and complications, the upper are more frequent at the outpatient department. Due to their common presentation at the allergology department and to the load of anxiety generated in the relatives of these children with recurrent respiratory infections, it was decided to make a review of some aspects of interest related to them. It was our objective to improve the knowledge of these entities to identify those children with higher risk for presenting recurrence of these respiratory infections. These entities, which are most of viral aetiology and limited course are an important cause of the use and abuse of drugs, such as antibiotics, with harmful effects for the children's health.

Asma bronquial: factores de riesgo de las crisis y factores preventivos / Bronchial asthma: risk factors of crises and preventive factors

En los últimos años, y con motivo de los avances que se realizan en el campo de la investigación del asma bronquial, los conceptos en su prevención han ido cambiando entre los especialistas que lo tratan. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo llevar el conocimiento básico necesario a los profesionales de la medicina, para que a cada paciente asmático, atendido por primera vez, se le determinen los alergenos desencadenantes, los factores agravantes y socioculturales que le rodean y que pueden estar afectándolo. Se aborda la sensibilización a alergenos desde la etapa embrionaria y lactancia en el niño atópico, cuándo debemos considerar a un niño con alto riesgo alérgico, los factores de riesgo más importantes, con experiencias prácticas en el Hospital Universitario Calixto García, y las recomendaciones para la prevención de las enfermedades alérgicas en lactantes e infantes de alto riesgo alérgico.

En recent years and advances in research field of bronchial asthma, features in its prevention has been changing among specialists treating it. Aim of this paper is to transmit the basic and necessary knowledge to medicine professionals for that in each asthmatic patient treated for the first time, the triggering allergens, aggravating factors, and the surrounded sociocultural ones, affecting him be determined. Authors approach sensitivity to allergens from embryonic stage and the lactation in atopic child, when we must to consider the case of an allergic and in high risk child, the more significant risk factors, with practical experiences in Calixto García University Hospital, and recommendations for preventions of allergic diseases in infants and breast-fed child in high risk of allergy.

Comportamiento del asma bronquial en Cuba e importancia de la prevención de las enfermedades alérgicas en infantes / Behavior of bronchial asthma in Cuba and importance of the prevention from allergic diseases in infants

El asma es una enfermedad frecuente que continúa siendo difícil de diagnosticar, sobre todo en la primera infancia; y además, es de difícil tratamiento, a pesar de los avances medicamentosos de los últimos años. Por tales razones, las organizaciones de salud pública y los organismos que se ocupan de ella a nivel mundial, cada día enfocan su atención, fundamentalmente, al capítulo de la prevención, particularmente, en el niño propenso a ser asmático. Se analizan las estadísticas relacionadas con el asma bronquial de los años 2001-2004 en Cuba, específicamente en lo referente a: prevalencia en pacientes dispensarizados por asma según grupos de edad y sexo; número de pacientes dispensarizados por asma según grupos de edad; tasa de prevalencia de pacientes dispensarizados por asma según provincias; así como las principales causas de egresos hospitalarios con diagnóstico de asma según estado al egreso. Se presentan recomendaciones prácticas para la prevención de enfermedades alérgicas en infantes con riesgo

Defectos del dorso nasal tratados con injerto autólogo / Defects of the nasal dorsum treated with autologous graft

Se operaron 10 pacientes con defectos del dorso nasal, 9 catalogados de grandes (4 mm o más) y uno con menos de 1 mm. En la mayoría predominó el sexo masculino y el defecto fue adquirido. En 9 de los pacientes con defectos grandes se utilizó injerto de hueso de cresta ilíaca en forma de L descansando en huesos propios y espina nasal, y en uno con defecto pequeño se utilizó cartílago. El resultado es evaluado después de 8 años como satisfactorio estética y funcionalmente, sin evidencia clínica de reabsorción(AU)

T10 patients were operated on of the nasal dorsum. 9 were considered as large (4 mm or more) and 1 as small with less than a mm. It was observed a prevalence of males and the defect was acquired. In 9 of the patients with large defects, it was used L-shaped iliac crest bone graft, lying on own bones and nasal spine. Cartilage was used in one patient with smalldefect. The result was evaluated 8 years later as satisfactory from the aesthetical and functional point of view, without clinical evidence of reabsorption(AU)

Distracción ósea mandibular: presentación de un caso / Osteomandibular distraction: a case report

Se muestra el avance obtenido en la técnica de distracción ósea en el Hospital Clínicoquirúrgico "Manuel Fajardo" mediante la presentación de un caso. Se analiza esta experiencia tomando como patrón los trabajos de los Dres. Chender, Molina y Guerrero, los cuales han contribuido y colaborado en la aplicación y desarrollo de esta novedosa técnica de elongación ósea. El paciente atendido por este método padecía de retrucción mandibular y en él se utilizó la fijación maxilo-mandibular después de retirado el distractor para garantizar la formación del callo óseo. Se señala que Ortiz Monasterio y Molina, en una serie de 106 casos, no observaron recidivas en su seguimiento de 3 años(AU)

The osteogenic distraction is a method used for bone lengthening by applying a distraction apparatus. Described and used by Dr. Codevilla in the first years (1905) of the XX century, this method was later (1950) developed by Dr. Llizarov in the field of Orthopedics and Traumatology. In the specialty of Maxillofacial Surgery, It became something very novel for the correction of the maxillomandibular development abnormalities, since according to what is estipulated the bone will be lengthened from 1 to 2 mm daily, so the correction of a mandibular retrusion of 15 mm will take between 7 and 15 days, according to the times the distractor's rod is turned. The advance attained with this technique at "Comandante Manuel Fajardo" Clinical and Surgical Hospital is shown through the report of a case, and this experience is analyzed taking as a reference the work done by Dr. Chender, Dr. Molina and Dr. Guerrero, who have contributed to and collaborated with the application and development of this new technique of bone lengthening. The patient treated by this method suffered from mandibular retrusion. In this patient, the maxillomandibular fixation was used after removing the distractor to guarantee the formation of the bony callus. It was stressed that Ortiz Monasterio and Molina did not observe relapses in a series of 106 cases in a 3-year follow-up(AU)

Cirugía ortognática: un medio para adquirir belleza y salud / Orthognathic surgery: a means of gaining beauty and health

La cirugía ortognática es el método quirúrgico empleado para corregir las anomalías del desarrollo maxilo mandibulares en las personas que las adquiera. Algunas de estas anomalías pueden aparecer al instante del nacimiento y en ocasiones también pueden ser hereditarios ya que se encuentran en varios miembros de una misma familia. Este trabajo multidisciplinario está encaminado a mejorar la función y la estética del contexto maxilofacial produciendo movimiento de los tejidos óseos y blandos afectados; para esto se utilizaron patrones estéticos universales, comunes en todas las bibliografías según el sexo y la raza. Se debe señalar que el continente americano es multirracial y por ende presenta mezcla de razas (blancos, negros, mestizos, chinos, etc). y el concepto de belleza es interpretado de modos distintos según el país y su idiosincrasia. Para los cirujanos maxilofaciales de Cuba no es más que la armonía de todas las estructuras blandas y óseas de la cara y en eso se basan los principales objetivos de trabajo. Se muestran casos tratados en este servicio con diferentes diagnósticos, antes y después del tratamiento quirúrgico(AU)

Orthognatic surgery is the surgical method used to correcting maxillomandibular development anomalies. Some of these anomalies may occur at the time of birth and occasionally, they may be hereditary because several members of the same family face this problem. The multidisciplinary work is aimed at improving the function and aesthetics of the maxillofacial region by inducing the movement of affected bone and soft tissues. To this end, common universal aesthetic patterns found in literature according to sex and race were used. It should be pointed out that the American continent is multiracial, so, there is mixing of whites, blacks, Chinese, etc; therefore, the concept of beauty is construed in different ways according to a particular country or specific idiosyncrasy. For Cuban maxillofacial surgeons, beauty is harmony of all bone and soft structures of the face upon which their main working objectives are based. This paper presented cases with various diagnoses before and after surgery, who were treated by this orthognathic service(AU)

Eosinofilia en enfermos de uveitis anterior aguda / Eosinophilia in patients presenting with acute anterior uveitis

Se realizo un estudio prospectivo en 50 enfermos de uveitis anterior aguda con el proposito de describir en los mismos la eosinofilia ocular y en sangre. En el estudio se corrobora que en la totalidad de los casos con sensibilidad alergica demostrada, aparece eosinofilia ocular y en sangre. Sin embargo, en aquellos en que la etiologia fue una colecistopatia con giardiasis cronica asociada, aparece eosinofilia ocular en el 79,0 por ciento. Es destacable que en los pacientes cuya causa fue un poco septico,toxoplasmosis o enfermedad autoinmune, no se contato eosinofilia. En dicha investigacion se valora la importancia del eosinofilo en los pacientes con uveitis anterior aguda, cuya causa probable es alergica, infecciosa o autoinmunitaria

Eosinofilia en pacientes portadores de uveítis anterior aguda / Eosinophilia in patients with acute anterior uveitis

Se realizó un estudio prospectivo de 50 pacientes portadores de uveítis anterior aguda con el propósito de confirmar eosinofilia y en sangre. En quienes el factor causal fue una colecistopatía con giardiasis crónica concomitante, se registró eosinofilia ocular en 70 por ciento de los casos. En quienes la causa fue un foco séptico, toxoplasmosis o enfermedad autoinmune, no se comprobó eosinofilia

Inmunoterapia con extracto de giardia lamblia en la urticaria crònica recidivante sensibilizada / Immunotherapy with Giardia lamblia extract in recurrent chronic sentized urticaria

Se estudiaron 100 pacientes diagnosticados de urticaria crónica de causa parasitaria a Giardia lambia. Se reealizaron investigaciones en heces fecales seriadas , drenaje biliar , frotis duodenal, dosificasión de inmunoglobulinas séricas G, M,a y E; además de pruebas de lectura inmediata con un extracto de Giardia lambia al 1, 10, y 100 UNP. Se encontró 93% de mejoria clínica con la utilización de la inmunoterapia específica.

Comportamiento inmunológico en 50 pacientes diagnósticados con uveitis anterior aguda / Immunologic behaivior in 50 patients with diagnosis of acute anterior uveitis

Se realizó un estudio prospectivo en 50 pacientes que presentaban uveitis anterior aguda con el propósito de describir el comportamiento inmunológico en los mismos. Según nuestros estudios, los pacientes con base alérgica tienen una cierta predisposición a padecer la enfermedad y su intensidad es mayor. Sin embargo, la positividad en los resultados de las pruebas inmunoalérgicas se constatan en pacientes con uveítis anterior aguda donde las enfermedades asociadas modifican las pruebas, ya sea de causa probable o no. Recomendamos continuar estudios en los pacientes con antecedentes alérgicos, con el fin de extremar su atención