Streaking camera in the high intensity regime.

The laser-induced decay of an atomic system in an intense infrared and perturbative extreme ultraviolet (XUV) pulse is considered within Keldysh and streaking ionization channels. The streak camera method is discussed for two cases corresponding to different ranges of photoelectron momentum: i) the streaking channel significantly dominates the Keldysh channel and ii) the Keldysh channel of ionization is dominant, while two channels may interfere. The retrieval of XUV pulse parameters for these two cases is discussed and supported by numerical calculations.

Radiomic Phenotype of Periatrial Adipose Tissue in the Prognosis of Late Postablation Recurrence of Idiopathic Atrial Fibrillation.

The aim of the study is to find new predictors of postablation atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence in patients with lone AF using a texture analysis of the periatrial adipose tissue (PAAT) of the left atrium. Materials and Methods: Forty-three patients admitted for lone AF catheter ablation, who had undergone multispiral coronary angiography, were enrolled in the study. PAAT segmentation was performed using 3D Slicer application followed by extraction of 93 radiomic features. At the end of the follow-up period, patients were divided into 2 groups depending on the presence or absence of AF recurrence. Results: 12 months of follow-up after catheter ablation, postablation AF recurrence was reported in 19 out of 43 patients. Of 93 extracted radiomic features of PAAT, statistically significant differences were observed for 3 features of the Gray Level Size Zone matrix. At the same time, only one radiomic feature of PAAT, Size Zone Non Uniformity Normalized, was an independent predictor of postablative recurrence of AF after catheter ablation and 12 months of follow-up (McFadden's R2=0.451, OR - 0.506, 95% CI: 0.331‒0.776, p<0.001). Conclusion: The radiomic analysis of periatrial adipose tissue may be considered as a promising non-invasive method for predicting adverse outcomes of the catheter treatment, which opens the possibilities for planning and correction of patient management tactics after intervention.

Channel separation of secondary generated radiation induced by orthogonal XUV and IR pulses.

The secondary generated radiation induced by orthogonal linearly polarized extreme ultraviolet (XUV) and infrared (IR) pulses is analyzed for the spectral region of the second XUV harmonic. The polarization-filtering-based method is utilized to separate two spectrally overlapping and competing channels, which are the XUV second harmonic generation (SHG) by IR-dressed atom and XUV-assisted recombination channel of high-order harmonic generation in the IR field [Phys. Rev. A98, 063433 (2018)10.1103/PhysRevA.98.063433]. We demonstrate the use of the separated XUV SHG channel for accurately retrieving the IR-pulse waveform and find the range of IR-pulse intensities for which this retrieving is applicable.

Histological and electron microscopic features of the extracellular matrix of invasive breast ductal carcinoma of no special type. Report of 5 cases and literature review.

Invasive ductal carcinoma of no special type is the most common type of breast cancer. In light of the above, many authors have reported the histological and electron microscopic characteristics of these tumors. On the other hand, a limited number of works exist where the authors have concentrated on investigating the extracellular matrix. This article presents data received as the results of light and electron microscopic examination of the extracellular matrix, angiogenesis, and cellular microenvironment of invasive breast ductal carcinoma of no special type. The authors have shown that the processes of stroma formation in the IDC NOS type are associated with the presence of fibroblasts, macrophages, dendritic cells, lymphocytes, and other cells. It was also shown the detailed interaction of the above cells with each other, as well as with vessels and fibrillar proteins such as collagen and elastin. The microcirculatory component is characterized by histophysiological heterogeneity, which manifests as the activation of angiogenesis, relative vascular differentiation, and regression of individual microcirculation components.

[Pathoanatomical algorithm for differential diagnosis of Paget's disease of the breast]. / Patologo-anatomicheskii algoritm differentsial'noi diagnostiki bolezni Pedzheta molochnoi zhelezy.

Paget's disease of the breast is a rare type of cancer that affects the skin of the nipple and usually the areola. At the same time, most patients also have one or more tumors in the immediate vicinity of the focus of mammary Paget's disease. This tumor must be distinguished from normal or atypical Toker cells, and also differentiated from diseases such as Bowen's disease of the nipple and melanocytic lesions of the nipple and areola region, including nipple melanoma and BAP1-inactivated nevus (Wiesner nevus). Currently, there is no routine pathological diagnostic algorithm for these conditions. The aim of the work is to formulate a clear clinical and morphological algorithm for diagnosing Paget's disease of the breast and Toker cells, Bowen's disease of the nipple and areola, as well as melanoma and BAP1-inactivated nevi of the above localizations. Surgical material obtained from patients with Paget's disease of the breast (18), Toker cells of the nipple (2), Bowen's disease of the nipple (6), melanoma of the nipple (1), BAP1-inactivated nevus (1) was studied. The material was examined histologically with hematoxylin and eosin staining, Alcian blue and PAS reaction, as well as immunohistochemically with the following panel of antibodies: CD138, p53, CK8, CK7, HER2/neu, EMA, HMB-45, Melan A, S-100, p63, p16 and BAP1. An easy-to-learn pathoanatomical algorithm for diagnosing Paget's cancer has been developed, which will be especially useful for pathologists who encounter pathology of the nipple and areola in their work.

[Primary choriocarcinoma of the liver in a 36-year-old male patient. A case report and literature review]. / Pervichnaya khoriokartsinoma pecheni u muzhchiny 36 let. Klinicheskoe nablyudenie i obzor literatury.

The article presents a case of primary liver choriocarcinoma in a 36-year-old man. The patient was admitted to the hospital with signs of rapidly developing multiple organ failure, in connection with which the diagnosis was verified at autopsy according to histological and immunohistochemical studies. Diagnostic criteria and treatment options for this disease are insufficiently developed due to its rarity. To date, 11 clinical cases of primary choriocarcinoma of the liver in males have been described in the international literature. The article presents a review of the literature, as well as describes all published clinical observations of the disease.

Regulation of the Placental Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System in Early- and Late-Onset Preeclampsia.

Preeclampsia (PE) is one of the most dangerous complications of pregnancy, characterized by hypertension, proteinuria, and symptoms of multiple organ failure, which are detected de novo after 20 weeks of pregnancy. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is one of the first to recognize pregnancy and is an important regulator of blood pressure. The placenta has its own RAAS, the role of which in the development of PE is not fully understood. In this work, for the first time, we characterized the expression of RAAS components and miRNAs controlling it in the placenta at various times of PE manifestation. The data obtained will allow the development of a new strategy in the future for the search for therapeutic agents for patients suffering from PE and cardiovascular diseases.

Using the generation of Brunel harmonics by elliptically polarized laser pulses for high-resolution detecting lower-frequency radiation.

We propose to use the generation of even Brunel harmonics (BHs) by optical laser pulses for high-resolution gas-biased coherent detection of lower-frequency radiation in terahertz and mid-infrared ranges. BHs arise due to the acceleration of electrons liberated in the tunneling ionization process, and BHs pulses are much shorter than the laser ones. The latter makes it possible to significantly increase the temporal resolution of sampling detection compared to the use of cubic response of bound electrons generating the second harmonic of the gating pulse. However, as we show by solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation for the helium atom, for an intense linearly polarized laser pulse, the atomic response contains a broadband noise signal that interferes with BHs and allows the detection of very high electric fields only. We show that the nature of this noise is related to the population of the Rydberg states of the atom, which can be effectively suppressed by using elliptical polarization of the gating pulse.

Mild or Moderate COVID-19 during Pregnancy Does Not Affect the Content of CD34+ Hematopoietic Stem Cells in Umbilical Cord Blood of Newborns.

The study included umbilical cord blood samples (n=64) intended for cryogenic storage of hematopoietic stem cells and obtained from patients with a history of mild and moderate forms of COVID-19 during pregnancy. The control group was composed of samples (n=746) obtained from healthy women in labor. A comparative analysis of the volume of cord blood collected, the total leukocyte count, the relative and absolute content of cells with the CD34+/CD45+ phenotype revealed no significant differences between the groups.

Experimental demonstration of optical stochastic cooling.

Particle accelerators and storage rings have been transformative instruments of discovery, and, for many applications, innovations in particle-beam cooling have been a principal driver of that success1. Stochastic cooling (SC), one of the most important conceptual and technological advances in this area2-6, cools a beam through granular sampling and correction of its phase-space structure, thus bearing resemblance to a 'Maxwell's demon'. The extension of SC from the microwave regime up to optical frequencies and bandwidths has long been pursued, as it could increase the achievable cooling rates by three to four orders of magnitude and provide a powerful tool for future accelerators. First proposed nearly 30 years ago, optical stochastic cooling (OSC) replaces the conventional microwave elements of SC with optical-frequency analogues and is, in principle, compatible with any species of charged-particle beam7,8. Here we describe a demonstration of OSC in a proof-of-principle experiment at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory's Integrable Optics Test Accelerator9,10. The experiment used 100-MeV electrons and a non-amplified configuration of OSC with a radiation wavelength of 950 nm, and achieved strong, simultaneous cooling of the beam in all degrees of freedom. This realization of SC at optical frequencies serves as a foundation for more advanced experiments with high-gain optical amplification, and advances opportunities for future operational OSC systems with potential benefit to a broad user community in the accelerator-based sciences.

Contribution of the collective electron dynamics to the polarization response of an atom subjected to intense IR and weak XUV pulses.

We analyze the polarization response of a single Ne atom in an intense infrared (IR) laser field and weak extreme ultraviolet (XUV) isolated attosecond pulse (IAP). The analysis is based on the numerical solution of the time-dependent Kohn-Sham equations and the recently developed perturbation theory in the XUV field for an atom subjected to an intense IR field. In our numerical results, we observe a significant increase in the magnitude of the atomic polarization response at the frequencies near the carrier frequency of the IAP and associate it with XUV-induced collective dynamics contributing to the polarizability of Ne. The specific interference between IR- and XUV-induced channels is discussed, and its utilization for retrieving the phase of the generated harmonics in the IR field is suggested.

When mechanisms of coalescence and sintering at the nanoscale fundamentally differ: Molecular dynamics study.

Employing classical isothermal molecular dynamics, we simulated coalescence of mesoscopic Au nanodroplets, containing from several thousands to several hundred thousands of atoms, and sintering of mesoscopic solid Au nanoparticles. For our atomistic simulations, we used the embedded atom method. The employed open access program large-scale atomic/molecular massively parallel simulator makes it possible to realize parallel graphical processing unit calculations. We have made a conclusion that the regularities and mechanisms of the nanodroplet coalescence (temperature is higher than the nanoparticle melting temperature) and of the solid nanoparticle sintering differ from each other. We have also concluded that the nanodroplet coalescence may be interpreted as a hydrodynamic phenomenon at the nanoscale whereas sintering of solid nanoparticles is a much more complex phenomenon related to different mechanisms, including collective rearrangements of atoms, the surface diffusion, and other types of diffusion. At the same time, collective rearrangements of atoms relate not only to the solid nanoparticle sintering but also to the nanodroplet coalescence. In general, our molecular dynamics results on sintering of Au nanoparticles consisting of 10 000-30 000 atoms agree with the Ferrando-Minnai kinetic trapping concept that was earlier confirmed in molecular dynamics experiments on Au nanoclusters consisting of about 100 atoms.

Cardiac 123I-mIBG scintigraphy for prediction of catheter ablation outcome in patients with atrial fibrillation.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies show inconsistent results on the role of innervation imaging (with 123I-mIBG) in predicting late atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence after catheter ablation (CA). These studies included patients with paroxysmal AF and studied prognostic value of post-CA I-123-mIBG parameters. Current study investigated the ability of pre CA 123-I-mIBG imaging to predict late AF recurrence in patients with persistent AF. METHODS: 123I-mIBG cardiac imaging was performed before CA in 82 patients with persistent AF. Patient was followed for 12 months. RESULTS: Multivariable analysis demonstrated that late heart-to-mediastinum ratio (H/Mlate) and washout rate (WR) were independent predictors of AF recurrence. ROC-curve analysis data showed that H/Mlate <1.6 (sensitivity 73.53%, specificity 81.3%, AUC 0.792, P < .001) and WR > 25.11 (sensitivity 70.6%, specificity 70.8.3%, AUC 0.712, P < .001) indicate high probability of AF relapses during 12 months after CA. CONCLUSION: Pre-CA parameters of global cardiac sympathetic activity estimated by 123I-mIBG scintigraphy are associated with late AF relapses in persistent AF patients with normal LVEF and absence of significant CAD.

Waveform retrieving of an isolated attosecond pulse using high-order harmonics generation of the superimposed infrared field.

An all-optical method is suggested for the metrology of an isolated, pulse-to-pulse stabilized attosecond pulse. It is shown analytically that high-order harmonic generation (HHG) yield for an intense IR pulse and time-delayed attosecond pulse keeps encoded waveform of the attopulse, which can be decoded by the time delay measurements of the HHG yield. The retrieval method is demonstrated by modeling HHG from Ne atom within time-dependent Kohn-Sham equations. The application of the suggested method for monitoring the carrier-envelope phase of the attosecond pulse is discussed.

Time-frequency analysis of high harmonic generation using a probe XUV pulse.

Interpretation of strong-field phenomena is mostly based on the analysis of classical electron trajectories in an intense laser field, whose specific properties determine general features of nonlinear laser-matter interaction. Currently, the visualization of closed electron trajectories contributing to high harmonic generation (HHG) of the laser field is the prerogative of a theoretical analysis based on the time-frequency spectrogram of the induced dipole acceleration. Here, we propose a method for direct reconstruction of the HHG time-frequency spectrogram using a time-delayed probe XUV pulse. Our analytical theory and ab initio numerical simulations demonstrate that the XUV-assisted HHG yield as a function of time delay and harmonic energy mimics the short-time Fourier transform of the dipole acceleration induced by the laser field, thereby providing possible in-situ experimental access for tracing electron dynamics in strong-field phenomena.

Human Umbilical Cord Tissue-Derived Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Exhibit Maximum Secretory Activity in the Presence of Umbilical Cord Blood Serum.

Using multiplex analysis, we performed a comparative study of cytokine and growth factor production by human umbilical cord tissue-derived multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (UC-MSC) cultured under standard conditions and in the presence of human umbilical cord blood serum (UCBS). It was found that the secretion of most studied molecules, including well-known inductors of regeneration HGF, G-CSF, GM-CSF, and VEGF by UCMSC considerably increased in the presence of 5% UCBS. The use of UCBS allows not only obtaining xenogenic-free cellular and cell-free therapeutic products, but also increasing the secretion of most biologically active molecules capable of stimulating repair processes.

[; HISTORICAL ANALYSIS AND ANALYTICAL REVIEW OF THE CREATION OF "MEMORY CLINICS" IN THE WORLD PRACTICE].

The number of elderly and senile people with severe senile asthenia syndrome and cognitive disorders, which eventually develop into dementia, is increasing every year in the world. It is this disease that is the highest priority in the health care of the entire world community.; The article provides a historical overview of the creation of memory clinics that operate in the paradigm of providing community-based psychiatric care. The results of changes in the clinical-dynamic and epidemiological indicators of the prevalence of dementia in the direction of early detection of pre-dementia conditions with mild cognitive decline syndrome are presented. Global trends in the development of memory clinics for outpatient patients are considered.; The purpose of the study: to provide a comprehensive analysis of the available literature data on the feasibility of a multi-faceted approach in the development of the concept of memory clinics.

Generation of tunable mid- and far-infrared pulses during gas ionization by a chirped two-color laser field.

We propose and investigate a method for generating tunable and phase-controllable mid- and far-infrared pulses in gas ionized by an intense two-color laser field composed of the chirped fundamental and its second-harmonic pulses with group time delay. The generation frequency equals the difference between the second-harmonic and the doubled fundamental frequencies and is continuously tunable by varying chirp or time delay. The duration of the generated pulses is determined by the ionization duration, which is much shorter than the ionizing pulse and is controlled by laser-pulse stretching or changing its intensity. Our quantum-mechanical calculations and analytical description show that this method can provide a wide tuning range spanning from several to more than a hundred THz using femtosecond lasers.

Human Umbilical Cord Blood Serum/Plasma: Cytokine Profile and Prospective Application in Regenerative Medicine.

The concentrations of cytokines and growth factors in human umbilical cord blood serum and plasma samples were measured by multiplex analysis. It was found that in comparison with peripheral blood serum of adult donors, umbilical cord blood serum and plasma contain significantly higher concentrations of the most studied molecules including IL-4, 5, 6, 7, 10 and 15, MCP-1, SCF, and SDF, as well as growth factors directly involved in the processes of regeneration (G-CSF, HGF, PDGF-BB, and VEGF). Thus, umbilical cord blood plasma and especially serum are a rich source of cytokines and growth factors with anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and angiogenic effects and can be used in various fields of regenerative medicine.

[Visualisation and Radiofrequency Ablation of Sympathetic Innervation Loci in the Left Atrium in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation].

INTRODUCTION: A novel cardiac gamma camera utilizes the radiopharmaceutical Iodine-123-Meta-iodobenzylguanidine (123I-MIBG) to visualize cardiac sympathetic innervation. Physiological accumulation of 123I-mIBG provides an anatomical quantitative determination of the structures of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) with discrete uptake areas (DUA) of sympathetic activity located in the left atrium (LA) corresponding to the main ganglionic plexi (GP) clusters that could not previously be visualized. AIM: to visualize the DUA of the heart in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) and to assess the effect of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) on DUA in LA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Computed tomography (CT) of the heart and radionuclide imaging with 123I-mIBG were performed in 15 patients with paroxysmal AF. The results of the study were combined with preliminary taken CT images to create a detailed anatomical map of the sympathetic activity of the heart. The processed images were combined with the 3D reconstruction of the LA, obtained with the navigation system (CARTO 3, CARTO RMT). In DUA, high-frequency stimulation (HFS) followed by RF ablation was performed using the current recommended parameters. RESULTS: Forty-eight DUA (median 3 [3; 3]) were identified. Average activity of DUA was 1315 [1171; 1462] cnt / sec / ml. Positive response to HFS in the DUA was obtained in 8 (53.3 %) patients. Prior to ablation, no response was received to HFS in areas of LA outside the DUA. After ablation, there was no response to HFS in the DUA sites. At repeated scans 3 DUA (median 0 [0; 0]; p<0.001 compared with preoperative data) were observed. Activity of DUA significantly decreased to 819 [684; 955] cnt / sec / ml (p<0.001 as compared with preoperative data). Thirteen of 13 of 15 patients (87 %) had no AF / AT / AFL recurrences for 6 month follow up. CONCLUSION: In patients with AF, the areas of sympathetic activity in LA can be visualized by physiological localized uptake of 123I-mIBG. Radiofrequency catheter ablation can target the identified sympathetic innervation structures in AF patients precisely and effectively.