IL-17A stimulates the progression of giant cell tumors of bone.

PURPOSE: Giant cell tumors of bone (GCTB) exhibit aggressive bone lytic behavior. Studies have shown that interleukin 17A (IL-17A) is involved pathologic bone resorption in various skeletal disorders. Thus, we have investigated the role of IL-17A in GCTBs. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We evaluated the progression of GCTBs using Campanacci grading and Enneking staging systems in 74 patients with GCTB. The expression of IL-17A and the IL-17A receptor A (IL-17RA) was assessed in GCTB tissues and in both multinucleated giant cells (MNGC) and stromal cells cultured in vitro using immunostaining and reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). The effects of IL-17A on the osteolytic activity of the MNGCs and the proliferation of the stromal cells were investigated using the "pit" formation and MTT assays, respectively. The effects of IL-17A on the expression of proosteolytic factors were examined in primary cultured MNGCs and stromal cells using RT-PCR, Western blotting, and gene expression microarrays. RESULTS: In GCTBs, we detected abundant levels of IL-17A, which were associated with tumor extension and grade. IL-17A is predominantly produced by MNGCs, whereas IL-17RA is expressed by both MNGCs and stromal cells in GCTBs. In the MNGCs, the IL-17A increased the mRNA expression of IL-17A and proosteolytic enzymes, and also enhanced osteolytic ability. In the stromal cells, the IL-17A stimulated cellular proliferation and the expression of proosteolytic factors, including RANKL through myc and STAT3, respectively. In addition, IL-17A stimulated in vivo tumor growth and the extent of angiogenesis in GCTBs. CONCLUSION: IL-17A stimulates the progression of GCTBs and might represent a useful candidate marker for progression and as a therapeutic target for GCTBs.

Tumour seeding after percutaneous cryoablation for hepatocellular carcinoma.

AIM: To assess the rate and risk factors for tumour seeding in a large cohort of patients. METHODS: Over an 8-year period, 1436 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with 2423 tumour nodules underwent 3015 image-guided percutaneous cryoablation sessions [1215 guided by ultrasonography and 221 by spiral computed tomography (CT)]. Follow-up CT or magnetic resonance imaging was performed every 3 mo. The detailed clinical data were recorded to analyse the risk factors for seeding. RESULTS: The median follow-up time was 18 (range 1-90) mo. Seeding was detected in 11 patients (0.76%) at 1-24 (median 6.0) mo after cryoablation. Seeding occurred along the needle tract in 10 patients and at a distant location in 1 patient. Seeded tumours usually showed similar imaging and histopathological features to the primary HCCs. Univariate analyses identified subcapsular tumour location and direct subcapsular needle insertion as risk factors for seeding. Multivariate analysis showed that only direct subcapsular needle insertion was an independent risk factor for seeding (P = 0.017; odds ratio 2.57; 95%CI: 1.47-3.65). Seeding after cryoablation occurred earlier in patients with poorly differentiated HCC than those with well or moderately differentiated HCC [1.33 ± 0.577 mo vs 11.12 ± 6.896 mo; P = 0.042; 95%CI: (-19.115)-(-0.468)]. CONCLUSION: The risk of seeding after cryoablation for HCC is small. Direct puncture of subcapsular tumours should be avoided to minimise seeding.

Siglec-1 on monocytes is a potential risk marker for monitoring disease severity in coronary artery disease.

OBJECTIVES: Siglec-1 has long been considered as an important biomarker of the activation of monocyte/macrophage and a type I interferon-specific imprint, but its role in atherosclerosis has not been elucidated. METHODS: We examined the expression of Siglec-1 by flow cytometry and RT-PCR in 83 CAD patients and 38 healthy controls. In addition, the levels of serum lipids, Gensini score, hs-CRP and homocysteine were determined. RESULTS: The transcriptional and protein levels of Siglec-1 on monocytes in CAD patients were significantly increased compared with healthy controls [3.17 versus 1.0, P<0.01; (11.5+/-3.9)% versus (1.8+/-2.0)%, P<0.01], but the increased Siglec-1 had no correlation with the level of native serum lipids. Interestingly, the expression of Siglec-1 was positively correlated with Gensini score (r=0.338, P=0.015), hs-CRP (r=0.316, P=0.016) and homocysteine level (r=0.224, P=0.042). CONCLUSION: Siglec-1 may be considered as a potential non-invasive indicator for monitoring disease severity and a biomarker for predicting the relative risk of cardiovascular events.

[Screening and real-time quantitative detection for genomic signatures of Bacillus anthracis].

A total amount of 117 candidate chromosomal sequences were screened for the genomic signatures of Bacillus anthracis by a 2-step approach. Out of them, 19 genomic signatures sequences were selected, among which, 6 genomic signatures were competent as the target sequence of TaqMan real-time PCR method. With the most significant alignment and specificity, fragment C04, together with pagA gene and capB gene from virulence plasmids pX01 and pX02, was selected to establish a TaqMan real-time PCR assay. For each target sequence, as little as 10 to 100 copies per reaction could be detected. Twelve bacterial species including 7 from Bacillus cereus group which were closely related to Bacillus anthracis were used to test the specificity of this assay. Data revealed that the assay gained a 100% specificity. Further performance of the assay was assessed with 10 simulative contaminated environmental samples and 20 negative control environmental samples; all of the Bacillus anthracis contaminated samples gave strong positive signals while the control samples were negative. This specific and sensitive real-time PCR assay could be used in rapid confirmation or exclusion of potential bio-attacks and the diagnosis of anthrax.