Outcomes of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Patients with Associated Anterolateral Ligament Injury.

Objective To evaluate if there is a significant difference in the outcomes of isolated anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in patients with or without associated anterolateral ligament (ALL) injury. Methods We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study through the analysis of medical records and the application of the questionnaires of the Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale and the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Subjective Knee Form to patients undergoing isolated ACL reconstruction. Results The 52 participants included were divided into two groups: 19 with associated ALL injury and 33 with no associated ALL injury. None of the patients with associated ALL injury suffered an ACL rerupture, and 21.1% presented injuries to other knee structures after surgery. Among the patients with no associated injury, 6.1% suffered ACL rerupture, and 18.2% presented injuries to other structures after surgery ( p = 0.544). Return to activities at the same level as that of the preoperative period occurred in 60% of the patients with associated ALL injury and in 72% of those with no associated injury ( p = 0.309). The mean score on the Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale was of 81.6 points in patients with associated ALL injury, and of 90.1 in those with no associated injury ( p = 0.032). The mean score on the IKDC Subjective Knee Form was of 70.3 points in patients with associated ALL injury and of 76.7 in those with no associated injury ( p = 0.112). Conclusion There was no statistically significant difference regarding graft injuries or new injuries to other structures, satisfaction with the operated knee, or the score on the IKDC Subjective Knee Form. Return to activity was similar in the groups with and without associated ALL injuries. The scores on the Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale were better, with a statistically significant difference in the group with no associated ALL injuries.

The effect of abatacept on T-cell activation is not long-lived in vivo.

Abatacept, a co-stimulatory blocker comprising the extracellular portion of human CTLA-4 linked to the Fc region of IgG1, is approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. By impairing the interaction between CD28 on T cells and CD80/CD86 on APCs, its mechanisms of action include the suppression of follicular T helper cells (preventing the breach of self-tolerance in B cells), inhibition of cell cycle progression holding T cells in a state described as 'induced naïve' and reduction in DC conditioning. However, less is known about how long these inhibitory effects might last, which is a critical question for therapeutic use in patients. Herein, employing a murine model of OVA-induced DTH, we demonstrate that the effect of abatacept is short-lived in vivo and that the inhibitory effects diminish markedly when treatment is ceased.

Review: Unravelling the Role of DNA Sensing in Alum Adjuvant Activity.

Public interest in vaccines is at an all-time high following the SARS-CoV-2 global pandemic. Currently, over 6 billion doses of various vaccines are administered globally each year. Most of these vaccines contain Aluminium-based adjuvants (alum), which have been known and used for almost 100 years to enhance vaccine immunogenicity. However, despite the historical use and importance of alum, we still do not have a complete understanding of how alum works to drive vaccine immunogenicity. In this article, we critically review studies investigating the mechanisms of action of alum adjuvants, highlighting some of the misconceptions and controversies within the area. Although we have emerged with a clearer understanding of how this ubiquitous adjuvant works, we have also highlighted some of the outstanding questions in the field. While these may seem mainly of academic interest, developing a more complete understanding of these mechanisms has the potential to rationally modify and improve the immune response generated by alum-adjuvanted vaccines.

Analysis of different conditioned media secreted by limbal progenitor cells in the modulation of corneal healing.

Ex vivo cultivation and transplantation of limbal epithelial cells has been reported as an alternative source for ocular surface reconstruction. However, until now, the functional improvement of these patients is limited due to the low survival rate of the transplanted cells. Consequently, the clinical benefits of this therapeutic strategy are only temporary and can assign them to paracrine effects associated with the transplanted cells. With this background in mind, we aimed to analyze the effect of different conditioned media containing growth factors secreted by limbal progenitor cells on corneal epithelial healing, both in vitro and in vivo. Limbal tissue was used to obtain different conditioned media (CM). For the in vitro assay, corneal epithelial cells were treated with CM and the epithelial migration was analyzed. Growth factors in the CM were identified with ELISA and multiplex. For the in vivo assay in rats, total limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) was induced with an abrasive injury to the ocular surface, and the animals were treated with different CM. Clinical and histological analyses were performed. In the in vitro assay, treatment with limbal fibroblast (LF CM) was more effective compared to the other CM, and analysis revealed high concentrations of keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). In the in vivo assay, animals treated with LF CM showed epithelial defect improvement, maintenance of thickness, and decreased opacity and neovascularization. This treatment also allowed better ocular surface tissue organization when compared to the other treatments. The in vitro and in vivo experiments showed better outcomes in the corneal wound healing for the LF CM treatment. The high concentrations of KGF and HGF, linked to epithelial cell migration and proliferation, may correlate to the best results found in this treatment.

Revealing stromal and lymphoid sources of Col3a1-expression during inflammation using a novel reporter mouse.

One of the earliest signs of dysregulation of the homeostatic process of fibrosis, associated with pathology in chronic conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, is the overexpression of collagen type III (COL-3). Critically, there is still relatively little known regarding the identity of the cell types expressing the gene encoding COL-3 (Col3a1). Identifying and characterizing Col3a1-expressing cells during the development of fibrosis could reveal new targets for the diagnosis and treatment of fibrosis-related pathologies. As such, a reporter mouse expressing concomitantly Col3a1 and mKate-2, a fluorescent protein, was generated. Using models of footpad inflammation, we demonstrated its effectiveness as a tool to measure the expression of COL-3 during the repair process and provided an initial characterization of some of the stromal and immune cells responsible for Col3a1 expression.

Massive thrombosis and phlegmasia cerulea dolens while taking rivaroxaban: case report and review.

Our study describes a fatal case of phlegmasia cerulea dolens and massive venous thrombosis in a patient taking rivaroxaban regularly to treat cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. Blood tests samples were positive for lupus anticoagulant. The unique evolution of the case, as well as the positivity for lupus anticoagulant, raises the possibility of an acquired hypercoagulation syndrome. We highlight the fact that the test recommended as the first line for lupus anticoagulant diagnosis (dilute Russell viper venom time) is the most affected by rivaroxaban, leading to a high prevalence of false-positive results. We also discuss potential diagnoses for the current case and review the current state-of-the-art of use of the novel oral anticoagulation agents in this unusual situation. So far, there are no recommendations to use such agents as first options in cerebral venous sinus thrombosis or in hypercoagulation syndromes.

Nosso estudo descreve um caso fatal de flegmasia cerúlea dolens e trombose venosa maciça em um paciente usando regularmente rivaroxabana para o tratamento de trombose de seio venoso cerebral. A investigação laboratorial foi positiva para o anticoagulante lúpico. A evolução única do caso aumenta a possibilidade de uma síndrome de hipercoagulabilidade adquirida, bem como a positividade para o anticoagulante lúpico. Destacamos o fato de que o teste recomendado como primeira linha para o diagnóstico de anticoagulante lúpico (veneno de víbora de Russel diluído) é o mais afetado pela rivaroxabana, levando a uma alta prevalência de resultados falso-positivos. Também discutimos os potenciais diagnósticos para o presente caso e revisamos o estado da arte atual dos novos agentes de anticoagulação oral usados nessa situação incomum. Até o presente momento, não há recomendações para o uso de tais agentes como primeira opção na trombose de seios venosos cerebrais ou nas síndromes de hipercoagulação.

Regulatory B Cells in Type 1 Diabetes.

Type 1 diabetes is an organ-specific autoimmune disease characterized by immune-mediated beta cell destruction in pancreatic islets, which results in deficient insulin production. B cells have a dual role in type 1 diabetes pathogenesis. A pathogenic role for B cells has been widely described and is supported by the observation of a delay in the loss of C-peptide following B-cell depletion by Rituximab, in the first year after diagnosis. However, it is now clear that B cells, under certain conditions, can delay and prevent the onset of type 1 diabetes as demonstrated in mouse models. In this chapter, we describe the methods required to study the phenotype and function of regulatory B cells in the context of diabetes.

N-Way NIR Data Treatment through PARAFAC in the Evaluation of Protective Effect of Antioxidants in Soybean Oil.

The use of chemometric tools is progressing to scientific areas where analytical chemistry is present, such as food science. In analytical food evaluation, oils represent an important field, allowing the exploration of the antioxidant effects of herbs and seeds. However, traditional methodologies have some drawbacks which must be overcome, such as being time-consuming, requiring sample preparation, the use of solvents/reagents, and the generation of toxic waste. The objective of this study is to evaluate the protective effect provided by plant-based substances (directly, or as extracts), including pumpkin seeds, poppy seeds, dehydrated goji berry, and Provençal herbs, against the oxidation of antioxidant-free soybean oil. Synthetic antioxidants tert-butylhydroquinone and butylated hydroxytoluene were also considered. The evaluation was made through thermal degradation of soybean oil at different temperatures, and near-infrared spectroscopy was employed in an n-way mode, coupled with Parallel Factor Analysis (PARAFAC) to extract nontrivial information. The results for PARAFAC indicated that factor 1 shows oxidation product information, while factor 2 presents results regarding the antioxidant effect. The plant-based extract was more effective in improving the frying stability of soybean oil. It was also possible to observe that while the oxidation product concentration increased, the antioxidant concentration decreased as the temperature increased. The proposed method is shown to be a simple and fast way to obtain information on the protective effects of antioxidant additives in edible oils, and has an encouraging potential for use in other applications.

Gene and immunohistochemical expression of HIF-1α, GLUT-1, FASN, and adipophilin in carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma development.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the gene and immunohistochemical expression of HIF-1α, GLUT-1, FASN, and adipophilin in normal salivary gland (NSG), pleomorphic adenoma (PA), and carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA) samples. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The gene expression was investigated by the real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) method in 9 samples of frozen tissues of normal salivary gland, 13 PA, and 10 CXPA. We validated the reactions by immunohistochemistry on 20 samples from NSG, 85 PA, and 44 CXPA. RESULTS: Our results showed that there was no statistically significant difference in HIF-1α gene and immunohistochemistry expression among the tissues studied while FASN gene and immunohistochemistry expression increased along the carcinogenesis of the PA. GLUT-1 was significantly more expressed in tumor tissues (PA and CXPA), although protein is mainly expressed in transformed cells than in PA and NSG. In contrast, adipophilin was significantly more expressed in NSG while the expression of the protein increased in PA and CXPA. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, the data presented here suggest that neoplastic cells reprogram the expression of GLUT-1 and adipophilin to adapt to the tumor microenvironment and reinforce, through immunohistochemical results, a possible transcriptional and post-translational regulatory mechanisms that act on the expression of these genes.

Dendritic cells license regulatory B cells to produce IL-10 and mediate suppression of antigen-specific CD8 T cells.

Regulatory B cells (Bregs) suppress and reduce autoimmune pathology. However, given the variety of Breg subsets, the role of Bregs in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes is still unclear. Here, we dissect this fundamental mechanism. We show that natural protection from type 1 diabetes in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice is associated with increased numbers of IL-10-producing B cells, while development of type 1 diabetes in NOD mice occurs in animals with compromised IL-10 production by B cells. However, B cells from diabetic mice regain IL-10 function if activated by the innate immune receptor TLR4 and can suppress insulin-specific CD8 T cells in a dendritic cell (DC)-dependent, IL-10-mediated fashion. Suppression of CD8 T cells is reliant on B-cell contact with DCs. This cell contact results in deactivation of DCs, inducing a tolerogenic state, which in turn can regulate pathogenic CD8 T cells. Our findings emphasize the importance of DC-Breg interactions during the development of type 1 diabetes.

Phenotypically distinct anti-insulin B cells repopulate pancreatic islets after anti-CD20 treatment in NOD mice.

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Autoreactive B cells escape immune tolerance and contribute to the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. While global B cell depletion is a successful therapy for autoimmune disease, the fate of autoreactive cells during this treatment in autoimmune diabetes is unknown. We aimed to identify and track anti-insulin B cells in pancreatic islets and understand their repopulation after anti-CD20 treatment. METHODS: We generated a double transgenic system, the VH125.hCD20/NOD mouse. The VH125 transgenic mouse, expressing an increased frequency of anti-insulin B cells, was crossed with a human CD20 (hCD20) transgenic mouse, to facilitate B cell depletion using anti-CD20. B cells were analysed using multiparameter and ImageStream flow cytometry. RESULTS: We demonstrated that anti-insulin B cells were recruited to the pancreas during disease progression in VH125.hCD20/NOD mice. We identified two distinct populations of anti-insulin B cells in pancreatic islets, based on CD19 expression, with both populations enriched in the CD138int fraction. Anti-insulin B cells were not identified in the plasma-cell CD138hi fraction, which also expressed the transcription factor Blimp-1. After anti-CD20 treatment, anti-insulin B cells repopulated the pancreatic islets earlier than non-specific B cells. Importantly, we observed that a CD138intinsulin+CD19- population was particularly enriched after B cell depletion, possibly contributing to the persistence of disease still observed in some mice after anti-CD20 treatment. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Our observations may indicate why the loss of C-peptide is only temporarily delayed following anti-CD20 treatment in human type 1 diabetes.

Enhanced Adsorptive Properties and Pseudocapacitance of Flexible Polyaniline-Activated Carbon Cloth Composites Synthesized Electrochemically in a Filter-Press Cell.

Electrochemical polymerization is known to be a suitable route to obtain conducting polymer-carbon composites uniformly covering the carbon support. In this work, we report the application of a filter-press electrochemical cell to polymerize polyaniline (PAni) on the surface of large-sized activated carbon cloth (ACC) by simple galvanostatic electropolymerization of an aniline-containing H2SO4 electrolyte. Flexible composites with different PAni loadings were synthesized by controlling the treatment time and characterized by means of Scanning Electron microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), physical adsorption of gases, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), cyclic voltammetry and direct current (DC) conductivity measurements. PAni grows first as a thin film mostly deposited inside ACC micro- and mesoporosity. At prolonged electropolymerization time, the amount of deposited PAni rises sharply to form a brittle and porous, thick coating of nanofibrous or nanowire-shaped structures. Composites with low-loading PAni thin films show enhanced specific capacitance, lower sheet resistance and faster adsorption kinetics of Acid Red 27. Instead, thick nanofibrous coatings have a deleterious effect, which is attributed to a dramatic decrease in the specific surface area caused by strong pore blockage and to the occurrence of contact electrical resistance. Our results demonstrate that mass-production restrictions often claimed for electropolymerization can be easily overcome.

HbA1c variability and long-term glycemic control are linked to diabetic retinopathy and glomerular filtration rate in patients with type 1 diabetes and multiethnic background.

AIM: To evaluate the associations between HbA1c variability and long-term glycemic control with microvascular complications in type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients and multiethnic background. METHODS: T1D adults with ≥10 years of follow-up and ≥ 2 HbA1c measurements were included. Glycemic variability was evaluated by the standard deviation (HbA1c-SD), and coefficient of variation (HbA1c-CV), and glycemic control by mean HbA1c over 10 years. Diabetic retinopathy (DR), increased urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) and reduced glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were diagnosed. Cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) was diagnosed by cardiac reflex tests. Associations between glycemic parameters with complications were assessed by multivariate logistic regressions. RESULTS: 220 patients were included. Simultaneously adjusted for each other, mean HbA1c was independently associated with DR (OR: 2.82; 95%CI: 1.45-5.50), increased UAER (OR: 1.97; 95%CI: 1.14-3.09) and CAN (OR: 4.42; 95%CI: 1.45-13.51); whereas HbA1c-CV was independently associated with DR (OR: 8.93; 95%CI: 1.86-42.87) and reduced eGFR (OR: 7.02; 95%CI: 1.47-35.55). CONCLUSIONS: Long-term glycemic control was associated with DR, increased UAER and CAN, while glycemic variability was additionally associated with DR and impaired renal function; suggesting that both good and stable glycemic status might be important to prevent microvascular complications in T1D patients and multiethnic background.

Educational Inclusion and Social Interaction: A Literature Review / Inclusão Escolar e Interação Social: Uma Revisão de Literatura / Inclusión Escolar e Interacción Social: Una Revisión de Literatura

Abstract Social interactions between disabled children and their peers are not only important to their development of social competence, but may also be indicative of the extent of educational inclusion at the children's school. The aim of this study was to perform a literature review of Brazilian articles on the topic of educational inclusion and social interactions involving children with disabilities. A total of 465 articles published between 2007 and 2017 were obtained from the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) and the Brazilian Association for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) databases. The keywords used inclusion, educational inclusion, social interaction, and socialization. After the exclusion criteria were applied, there remained 26 articles and empirical studies published in Portuguese on the topic of social interaction among children with and without disabilities in schools offering educational inclusion programs. Most of the results in these articles described cases of social exclusion within these schools; in these cases, interactions between disabled children and their peers were rare or nonexistent, and the faculty and staff exhibited some distrust in the disabled students' abilities to learn and develop academically. The review also revealed the need for empirical intervention studies that may ultimately produce proposals for changes in these policies and situations.

Resumo As interações sociais entre crianças com deficiência e seus pares podem ser um indicativo do grau de inclusão presente em uma escola, além de serem importantes no desenvolvimento da competência social. Este estudo teve como objetivo fazer uma revisão de literatura nacional brasileira sobre artigos científicos relacionados à temática da inclusão e interação social de alunos com deficiência. Foram localizados 465 estudos nas bases SciELO e Portal de Periódicos da CAPES publicados entre 2007 e 2017, utilizando os descritores inclusão e interação social, inclusão escolar e socialização. Após aplicação dos critérios de exclusão foram selecionados 26 artigos em português e empíricos que abordavam a interação social de crianças com e sem deficiência na escola inclusiva. Como resultados pode-se pontuar que a maioria dos artigos descreve cenários de exclusão na inclusão, nos quais são poucas ou inexistentes as interações da criança com deficiência e seus pares, e nos quais os profissionais da escola mostram descrença na capacidade dessas crianças aprenderem e se desenvolverem academicamente. Aponta-se ainda a necessidade do desenvolvimento de pesquisas empíricas de intervenção, que construam propostas de mudança na realidade observada.

Resumen Las interacciones sociales entre niños con discapacidad y sus pares pueden ser un indicativo del grado de inclusión presente en una escuela, además de ser importantes en el desarrollo de la competencia social. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo hacer una revisión de literatura nacional brasileña sobre artículos científicos relacionados a la temática de la inclusión e interacción social de alumnos con discapacidad. Se localizaron 465 estudios en las bases SciELO y Portal de Periódicos de la CAPES publicados entre 2007 y 2017, utilizando los descriptores inclusión e interacción social, inclusión escolar y socialización. Después de aplicar los criterios de exclusión fueron seleccionados 26 artículos en portugués y empírica que abordó la interacción social de los niños con y sin discapacidad en la escuela inclusiva. Como resultados se puede puntuar que la mayoría de los artículos describen escenarios de exclusión en la inclusión, en los que son pocas o inexistentes las interacciones del niño con discapacidad y sus pares, y en los que los profesionales de la escuela muestran incredulidad en la capacidad de estos niños para aprender y desarrollar académicamente. Se apunta también la necesidad del desarrollo de investigaciones empíricas de intervención, que construyan propuestas de cambio en la realidad observada.

Altered Gut Microbiota Activate and Expand Insulin B15-23-Reactive CD8+ T Cells.

Insulin is a major autoantigen in type 1 diabetes, targeted by both CD8 and CD4 T cells. We studied an insulin-reactive T-cell receptor (TCR) α-chain transgenic NOD mouse on a TCRCα and proinsulin 2 (PI2)-deficient background, designated as A22Cα-/-PI2-/- NOD mice. These mice develop a low incidence of autoimmune diabetes. To test the role of gut microbiota on diabetes development in this model system, we treated the A22Cα-/-PI2-/- NOD mice with enrofloxacin, a broad-spectrum antibiotic. The treatment led to male mice developing accelerated diabetes. We found that enrofloxacin increased the frequency of the insulin-reactive CD8+ T cells and activated the cells in the Peyer's patches and pancreatic lymph nodes, together with induction of immunological effects on the antigen-presenting cell populations. The composition of gut microbiota differed between the enrofloxacin-treated and untreated mice and also between the enrofloxacin-treated mice that developed diabetes compared with those that remained normoglycemic. Our results provide evidence that the composition of the gut microbiota is important for determining the expansion and activation of insulin-reactive CD8+ T cells.

Neuropharmacology, pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics of aggression: The zebrafish model.

The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is increasingly utilized as a powerful new model organism in neurobehavioral research. Aggression is a common symptom of many CNS disorders, has some genetic determinants and can be modulated pharmacologically in humans and animal model species. Mounting evidence suggests zebrafish as a useful tool to study neurobiology of aggression, and its pharmacological and genetic regulation. Here, we discuss mechanisms of zebrafish aggression and their pharmacological, pharmacogenetic and pharmacogenomic models, as well as recent developments and existing challenges in this field. We also emphasize the growing utility of zebrafish models in translational neuropharmacological research of aggression, fostering future discoveries of potential therapeutic agents for aggressive behavior.

Saúde da população LGBT+ no contexto da atenção primária em saúde: relato de oficina realizada no internato integrado de Medicina de Família e Comunidade/Saúde Mental em uma universidade pública / LGBT+ Health on Primary Care: the experience report of a workshop during the medical internship on Family Medicine and Mental Health in a public university / Salud de la población LGBT + en el contexto de la atención primaria en salud: relato de taller realizado en el internado integrado de Medicina de Familia y Comunidad/Salud Mental en una universidad pública

Introdução: A saúde da população LGBT+ apresenta particularidades e vulnerabilidades que requerem atenção diferenciada. Sensibilizar e qualificar profissionais de saúde para as necessidades dessa população é fundamental para garanti-la o direito à saúde. Os currículos das graduações em saúde, que em geral não incorporam tais questões, têm sido interrogados pelo alunado com denúncias de LGBTfobia no curso médico e reivindicação de capacitação prática. Nesse contexto, o Internato Integrado de Medicina de Família e Comunidade e Saúde Mental da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro organizou oficina sobre Saúde da População LGBT, apresentada neste artigo. Métodos: Realizada em maio de 2018, teve como público alvo internos em estágio curricular na Atenção Primária em Saúde (APS), no município do Rio de Janeiro. Sensibilizar para o tema e apresentar ferramentas úteis para o cuidado na APS, e em outros cenários, foram os objetivos. Graduandos de medicina autodeclarados LGBT+ foram convidados a assumir a condução da atividade, preparada sob orientação de professoras do internato. O protagonismo dado a esses alunos permitiu articular à expertise científica, promovida nos estudos regulares sobre o tema, a expertise experiencial. A oficina ocorreu em 4 tempos: i) sensibilização; ii) discussão de casos; iii) informação e exposição de orientações para boas práticas em saúde; iv) dúvidas e avaliação. A duração total foi de 4 horas, com metodologias ativas e participativas. Resultados: Os objetivos foram alcançados e a atividade bem avaliada em sua organização e execução. Avaliação narrativa foi realizada com alunos e professores organizadores. Os internos participantes responderam questionário online com perguntas abertas e fechadas e também avaliaram positivamente a atividade nos quesitos metodologia e conteúdo. Conclusão/Desdobramentos: A oficina foi incluída nas atividades regulares do internato. Estão em construção, com vistas a difundir esses conhecimentos a outros estudantes do curso médico e a profissionais da rede de saúde municipal, disciplina eletiva e projeto de extensão. A inclusão longitudinal do tema no currículo permanece como desafio.

Introduction: The LGBT+ healthcare is marked with particularities and vulnerabilities that require differenced attention. Sensitizing and qualifying healthcare professionals to these population's needs is fundamental to guarantee the right to health. The curriculum from health degrees, that usually does not address this issue, have been questioned by students along with LGBTphobia reports among the medical education and revindication for practical capacitation. In this context, the Integrated Family & Community Medicine (MFC) and Mental Health Internship at Faculty of Medicine of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, prepared a workshop on LGBT Health, presented in this article. Methods: A workshop took place in May of 2018, having a target audience of interns of MFC. It aimed to sensitize medical students regarding the referred theme and to give practical tools to be used in primary medicine and other healthcare environments. Medical undergrads who identify themselves as LGBT+ were invited to conduct the activity under the orientation of tutors from the internship. Given that those medical students were protagonists in this activity, it was possible to articulate the scientific knowledge, accomplished with regular studies on the theme, and the experiential expertise. The workshop was divided in four acts: i) sensitization; ii) case discussion; iii) information and orientations on good practice; iv) questions and feedback. The workshop lasted 4 hours, using active and participatory learning methods. Results: The objectives were achieved with a highly good evaluation as to the workshop's organization and performance. The students and professors that coordinated the activity prepared a narrative evaluation. The workshop's subjects, the MFC interns, took later an online feedback questionnaire, in which they positively evaluated the methods and acquired knowledge. Conclusion/Future works: The workshop, firstly implemented as an experimental activity, is now part of the regular medical internship curriculum. An optative course and an extension project are being planned, aiming to reach other medical students and public healthcare providers. Including the subject in the medical curriculum as a longitudinal discussion remains a challenge.

Introducción: La atención médica LGBT + está señalada con particularidades y vulnerabilidades que requieren una atención diferenciada. Sensibilizar y calificar a los profesionales de la salud de las necesidades de esta población es fundamental para garantizar su derecho a la salud. El plan de estudios de las carreras de salud, que en general no abordan este tema, ha sido cuestionado por los estudiantes junto con los informes de LGBTphobia entre la educación médica y la reivindicación de la capacitación práctica. En este contexto, la Pasantía Integrada de la Medicina de la Família y la Comunidad y Salud Mental de la graduación en medicina de la Universidad Federal de Rio de Janeiro elaboró un taller sobre salud LGBT+, presentado en este artículo. Métodos: Realizado en mayo de 2018 con los internos en pasantía curricular en la APS como el público-objetivo. Los objetivos eran sensibilizar a los estudiantes de medicina sobre el tema presentado y ofrecer herramientas prácticas para que las utilicen en la medicina primaria y en otros entornos de atención médica. Se invitó a los estudiantes de medicina que se identifican a sí mismos como LGBT+, para realizar la actividad bajo la orientación de tutores de la pasantía. Como los estudiantes de medicina fueron los protagonistas de esta actividad, fue posible articular el conocimiento científico, realizado con estudios regulares sobre el tema y la vivencia experiencial. El taller se dividió en cuatro partes: i) sensibilización; ii) discusión del caso; iii) información y orientaciones sobre buenas prácticas; iv) preguntas y comentarios. El taller tuvo una duración de cuatro horas, utilizando métodos de aprendizaje activo y participativo. Resultados: Los objetivos se lograron con una evaluación muy buena de la organización y el desempeño del taller. Los estudiantes y profesores que coordinaron la actividad realizaron una evaluación narrativa. Los pasantes presentes contestaron a un cuestionario en línea con preguntas objetivas y abiertas y evaluaron positivamente la actividad tanto por su metodología como por el contenido. Conclusión/Desarrollo: El taller, implementado como una actividad experimental, ahora forma parte del plan de estudios de prácticas médicas regulares. Se está planificando un curso optativo y un proyecto de extensión, con el objetivo de llevar eses conocimientos a otros estudiantes de medicina y proveedores de la salud pública. Incluir el tema en los planes de estudios médicos como una discusión longitudinal sigue siendo un desafío.

Thermal rice oil degradation evaluated by UV-Vis-NIR and PARAFAC.

Thermal rice oil degradation was evaluated by UV-Vis and NIR in three-way arrays assembled with samples, different temperatures, and the absorbance at different wavelengths by applying PARAFAC chemometric method. The loadings matrix of the mode corresponding to the samples (scores) contains the information related to the samples. The loadings on the temperature mode resemble kinetics profiles. These profiles change with the nature of the component responsible for the factor and evolve with the heating temperature. The loadings on the spectral mode reveal the antioxidants γ-oryzanol and tocopherol, and oxidation products are the components responsible for the two factors. The results achieved showed that the antioxidants concentration decreases starting at 70 °C while oxidation products start to increase more pronounced after 90 °C. The proposed method is shown to be a simple and fast way to obtain information about the oxidative stability of rice oils.

Effects of lidocaine on adult zebrafish behavior and brain acetylcholinesterase following peripheral and systemic administration.

Lidocaine is a voltage-gated Na+ channel blocker, commonly used as a fast-acting local and general anesthetic. Lidocaine also has central action, affecting behavior both clinically and in animal models. Adult zebrafish are rapidly becoming a critical novel model organism in translational neuroscience research. Here, we examine the effects of acute peripheral (lateral line application, 4%) and systemic (water immersion, 1, 5 and 10 mg/L) administration of lidocaine on adult zebrafish behavior tested in the novel tank test. Overall, the drug evoked hypolocomotor effect when applied systemically (at 10 mg/L) and peripherally. Peripheral lidocaine also reduced top exploration in the novel tank test (vs. sham), suggesting anxiogenic-like effect of the lateral line blockage, Our findings show the importance of the lateral line system in driving adult zebrafish locomotion, and suggest sedative-like effects of systemic lidocaine in aduld zebrafish. In addition, reflecting the role of central cholinergic contribution in lidocaine action, brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was lower following peripheral and systemic administration of lidocaine at behaviorally active doses. Collectively, our data support the effects of lidocaine on behavioral responses in zebrafish, and reinforce the growing utility of this aquatic model to screen various CNS drugs.

The impact of metabolic reprogramming on dendritic cell function.

Dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen-presenting cells with the ability to activate naïve T cells and direct the adaptive cellular immune response toward a specific profile. This is important, as different pathogens demand specific "profiles" of immune responses for their elimination. Such a goal is achieved depending on the maturation/activation status of DCs by the time of antigen presentation to T cells. Notwithstanding this, recent studies have shown that DCs alter their metabolic program to accommodate the functional changes in gene expression and protein synthesis that follow antigen recognition. In this review, we aim to summarize the data in the literature regarding the metabolic pathways involved with DC phenotypes and their functions.