RESUMO
In an effort to provide high quality care in a more cost-effective manner, health care providers have found it necessary to implement a series of decision support strategies designed to improve outcomes of care. While each of these strategies has measurable benefits, they each come along with additional costs. This article will describe a methodology for measuring the costs and direct and indirect benefits from decision support activities.
Assuntos
Sistemas de Apoio a Decisões Clínicas/economia , Análise Custo-Benefício/métodos , Procedimentos Clínicos , Sistemas de Gerenciamento de Base de Dados , Sistemas de Apoio a Decisões Clínicas/organização & administração , Investimentos em Saúde , Tempo de Internação , Gestão da Qualidade Total/economiaAssuntos
Benchmarking/estatística & dados numéricos , Controle de Custos/métodos , Sistemas de Apoio a Decisões Administrativas , Administração Hospitalar/normas , Serviços de Informação , Análise de Sistemas , Coleta de Dados , Interpretação Estatística de Dados , Grupos Diagnósticos Relacionados/economia , Administração Hospitalar/economia , Administração Hospitalar/métodos , Tempo de Internação , Estudos de Casos Organizacionais , Indicadores de Qualidade em Assistência à Saúde , Estados Unidos , Revisão da Utilização de Recursos de SaúdeRESUMO
In an effort to provide high quality care in a more cost-effective manner, health care providers have found it necessary to implement a series of decision support strategies designed to improve outcomes of care. While each of these strategies has measurable benefits, they each come along with additional costs. This article will describe a methodology for measuring the costs and direct and indirect benefits from decision support activities.
Assuntos
Procedimentos Clínicos/organização & administração , Sistemas de Apoio a Decisões Clínicas , Administração Financeira de Hospitais , Avaliação de Processos e Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde/organização & administração , Gestão da Qualidade Total/organização & administração , Administração de Caso/organização & administração , Redução de Custos , Procedimentos Clínicos/economia , Tomada de Decisões Assistida por Computador , Humanos , Investimentos em Saúde , Tempo de Internação/economia , Tempo de Internação/estatística & dados numéricos , Avaliação de Processos e Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde/economia , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Indicadores de Qualidade em Assistência à Saúde/economia , Gestão da Qualidade Total/economia , Estados UnidosAssuntos
Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/complicações , Infecções por Helicobacter/diagnóstico , Helicobacter pylori , Biópsia , Reações Falso-Negativas , Lavagem Gástrica , Mucosa Gástrica/enzimologia , Infecções por Helicobacter/complicações , Helicobacter pylori/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , RNA Bacteriano/análise , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Urease/análiseRESUMO
Healthcare providers faced with increasing pressure to provide high-quality, cost-effective care have implemented clinical decision-support programs to drive the appropriate process improvement activities needed to achieve successful care outcomes. Each of these activities requires the commitment of the necessary technology and human resources. To measure the return on investment (ROI) of decision-support activities, providers need to establish a methodology for capturing the costs and benefits of implementing decision-support-directed process-improvement activities.
Assuntos
Gastos de Capital , Sistemas de Apoio a Decisões Clínicas/economia , Administração Financeira de Hospitais/métodos , Investimentos em Saúde/economia , Redução de Custos , Análise Custo-Benefício , Procedimentos Clínicos/economia , Tomada de Decisões Gerenciais , Grupos Diagnósticos Relacionados/economia , Eficiência Organizacional , Tempo de Internação , Avaliação de Processos em Cuidados de Saúde , Estados UnidosRESUMO
In an effort to provide high quality care in a more cost-effective manner, health care providers have found it necessary to implement a series of decision support strategies designed to improve outcomes of care. While each of these strategies has measurable benefits, each comes along with additional costs. As more and more technology becomes available and more labor resources are devoted to these efforts, it becomes crucial to be able to assess the costs and benefits of these programs. A return-on-investment methodology is used to assess the financial impact of service-related operating expenses compared to revenue gains from service delivery. However, unlike traditional return-on-investment models, in health care, benefits are frequently gained from cost avoidance rather than from revenue enhancement activities. This article will describe a methodology for measuring the direct and indirect costs and qualitative and quantitative benefits of decision support activities.
Assuntos
Procedimentos Clínicos/economia , Sistemas de Apoio a Decisões Clínicas , Sistemas de Apoio a Decisões Administrativas , Análise Custo-Benefício/métodos , Procedimentos Clínicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Sistemas de Apoio a Decisões Clínicas/economia , Sistemas de Apoio a Decisões Clínicas/estatística & dados numéricos , Sistemas de Apoio a Decisões Administrativas/economia , Sistemas de Apoio a Decisões Administrativas/estatística & dados numéricos , Fidelidade a Diretrizes , Alocação de Recursos para a Atenção à Saúde , Custos Hospitalares/estatística & dados numéricos , Investimentos em Saúde/economia , Investimentos em Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Desenvolvimento de Programas , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Garantia da Qualidade dos Cuidados de Saúde/economia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estados UnidosRESUMO
As managed care medicine penetrates the health care marketplace, all those involved in the health care delivery process will have to redesign and restructure the way they provide health care services. With the current emphasis on controlling health care costs, providers will be compelled to come up with the successful strategies and methodologies that lead to the delivery of cost-effective high-quality care with positive, successful patient outcomes. Having the capability to analyze the information necessary to identify, measure, and monitor processes and outcomes is one of the key critical factors for success. Using information to identify opportunities for improvement, developing and implementing the appropriate process improvement activities, and being able to document and demonstrate the results of one's efforts are crucial for survival in a competitive managed care market.
Assuntos
Reforma dos Serviços de Saúde/economia , Pneumopatias/economia , Pneumopatias/reabilitação , Programas de Assistência Gerenciada/economia , Humanos , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Estados UnidosAssuntos
Continuidade da Assistência ao Paciente/normas , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde/organização & administração , Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, U.S. , Controle de Custos , Prestação Integrada de Cuidados de Saúde/normas , Humanos , Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations , Satisfação do Paciente , Desenvolvimento de Programas , Indicadores de Qualidade em Assistência à Saúde , Software , Estados Unidos , Revisão da Utilização de Recursos de SaúdeRESUMO
Over the past several years this journal has published numerous articles on the merits and benefits of effective resource management. Independently, these articles have supported the value of effective supply and materials management, management engineering and system restructuring, and clinical resource management in being able to save healthcare dollars by designing and injecting efficiencies into the healthcare delivery system. While most of these resource management activities have utilized very similar strategies (see Table 1 "Tools For Improvement"), much of the process revision and progress has remained within the walls of their own individual disciplines. Any widescale attempts to try to fully integrate all of these activities have been hampered by the intricacies of trying to mix apples and oranges. Despite these individual departmental gains, the challenge to conserve healthcare costs continues to permeate throughout all levels of the organization, and institutions are finally beginning to recognize the added value of merging these activities into a more centralized coordinated approach to resource management. Presented is a discussion on the potential value of developing a well-focused, integrated resource management program.
Assuntos
Benchmarking , Administração de Materiais no Hospital/economia , Administração de Recursos Humanos em Hospitais/economia , Redução de Custos , Procedimentos Clínicos , Eficiência Organizacional , Guias como Assunto , Recursos em Saúde/economia , Recursos em Saúde/organização & administração , Gestão da Informação , Avaliação de Processos e Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Indicadores de Qualidade em Assistência à Saúde , Estados UnidosRESUMO
A multihospital process improvement study was designed to evaluate outcomes related to the treatment of Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI). Time to diagnosis, time to intervention and outcomes of treatment were assessed through a risk adjusted database allowing individual hospital comparisons to benchmark results.
Assuntos
Hospitais/normas , Infarto do Miocárdio/diagnóstico , Infarto do Miocárdio/terapia , Avaliação de Processos e Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde/organização & administração , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente , Gestão da Qualidade Total/organização & administração , Idoso , California , Feminino , Pesquisa sobre Serviços de Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
We report the case of a patient in whom bacterial endocarditis developed on a native valve after variceal sclerotherapy. We are concerned about the discrepant recommendations for antibiotic prophylaxis in the literature and consider that our report, which we take to be the first, suggests reasons for prophylactic antibiotic treatment in selected patients undergoing sclerotherapy.
Assuntos
Endocardite Bacteriana/etiologia , Varizes Esofágicas e Gástricas/complicações , Sopros Cardíacos/complicações , Escleroterapia , Antibioticoprofilaxia , Endocardite Bacteriana/prevenção & controle , Varizes Esofágicas e Gástricas/terapia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Escleroterapia/efeitos adversos , Infecções Estreptocócicas/etiologiaRESUMO
Providing cost-effective high quality healthcare services ranks as the number one concern for anyone involved with the healthcare delivery system. While quality of care should always be the number one priority, controlling healthcare costs receives most of the attention. With limited healthcare dollars and providers assuming more of the financial risk for services rendered, a whole assortment of cost-containment strategies are being introduced in an effort to maintain some semblance of financial viability. Healthcare providers can approach cost control from two different angles. On the fixed-cost operational overhead side, traditional cost-containment techniques have focused on downsizing, maximizing productivity, staffing redesign, improved purchasing contracts, standardization, inventory control, and other more individualized restructured service models. On the variable-cost clinical side, cost control has been approached by introducing a variety of cost-containment strategies designed to improve efficiency and effectiveness of provider performance. While many of these strategies, previously discussed in the Journal of Healthcare Resource Management have stressed the importance of education, guidelines, pathways, and other clinical "tools for improvement," the success of many of these tools resides in the ability to provide real-time intervention. Real-time intervention rather than the more passive retrospective variance analysis has the greatest potential for producing cost savings by actually making a recommendation that prevents the unwanted event from occurring. In many institutions, the case manager bears the responsibility for monitoring and managing these programs. This article describes various case management models currently used by different institutions.
Assuntos
Administração de Caso/organização & administração , Modelos Organizacionais , Serviços Técnicos Hospitalares/estatística & dados numéricos , Administração de Caso/economia , Administração de Caso/normas , Controle de Custos/métodos , Procedimentos Clínicos , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Garantia da Qualidade dos Cuidados de Saúde , Estados Unidos , Revisão da Utilização de Recursos de Saúde , Carga de TrabalhoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: This article provides a consultant's account of a 250-bed community hospital's experience in implementing the Clinical Resource Management (CRM) program, a four-stage process of using information to identify opportunities for improvement, developing an effective resource management team, implementing process improvement activities, and measuring the impact on outcomes of care. CASE STUDY EXAMPLE--CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE: The chair of the departments of internal medicine and family practice selected congestive heart failure for in-depth study. A task force focused on treatment and patient disposition in the emergency room (ER), where most of the nonelective admissions originated. A set of standardized ER orders was developed that emphasized rapid and effective diuresis through the initiation of a progressive diuretic dosing schedule directly linked to patient response. LESSONS AND REFLECTIONS: Factors critical to the success of the CRM program included allocating adequate time to promote and sell the value and importance of the program, as well as securing the support of both information systems and physicians. The main barriers to success involved limitations in the information system infrastructure and delays attributable to committee review. Short-term results from the CRM program were encouraging, with average lengths of stay reduced by 0.5 days and average costs of care reduced by 12% for the ten diagnoses studied with no adverse results. Nonstudy diagnoses showed no notable improvement. CONCLUSIONS: Recognizing the growing importance of information management not only for clinical decision support but for accommodating all the necessary internal and external reporting requirements will require a significant commitment and investment in technology and personnel resources.
Assuntos
Insuficiência Cardíaca/economia , Hospitais Comunitários/normas , Sistemas de Informação Administrativa , Gestão da Qualidade Total/métodos , Artroplastia de Quadril/economia , Controle de Custos , Hospitais com 100 a 299 Leitos , Custos Hospitalares , Hospitais Comunitários/economia , Humanos , Estudos de Casos Organizacionais , Inovação Organizacional , Comitê de Profissionais , Terapia Respiratória/economia , Análise de Sistemas , Gestão da Qualidade Total/organização & administração , Estados UnidosAssuntos
Procedimentos Clínicos/normas , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde/normas , Procedimentos Clínicos/economia , Prestação Integrada de Cuidados de Saúde/economia , Prestação Integrada de Cuidados de Saúde/normas , Custos de Cuidados de Saúde/normas , Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde/normas , Estados UnidosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori infection has been implicated strongly in the pathogenesis of gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, gastric adenocarcinoma, and gastric lymphoma, but the reasons for these widely different clinical outcomes are unknown. The aim of this study was to determine whether these differences could be due in part to mixed infection in the same individual, with bacteria having differences in pathogenic factors associated with ulcers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cagA gene of H. pylori was used to test for mixed infection because it is present in only some strains, and its presence has been associated with ulcers. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for the cagA gene were applied to H. pylori culture isolates and endoscopic gastric aspirates. Individual bacterial clones were tested for genetic similarity by random primer amplification and restriction endonuclease digestion of urease gene PCR products. RESULTS: The majority of H. pylori-positive patients had strongly cagA-positive culture isolates and endoscopic samples (62.5% and 69.6%, respectively). However, many of these patients had evidence of mixed infection with cagA negative and cagA positive strains in cultures isolates and endoscopic samples (25% and 17.4%, respectively). Mixed infection was found to be due to genetically unrelated strains in two patients in whom genetic analysis was performed. CONCLUSION: Mixed infection with differences in substrain pathogenic factors might occur in H. pylori infection and might contribute to differences in clinical outcome.
Assuntos
Antígenos de Bactérias , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Gastrite/microbiologia , Infecções por Helicobacter/microbiologia , Helicobacter pylori/patogenicidade , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Proteínas de Bactérias/análise , Biomarcadores , Biópsia , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Feminino , Suco Gástrico/microbiologia , Mucosa Gástrica/microbiologia , Gastrite/complicações , Gastroscopia , Genes Bacterianos , Infecções por Helicobacter/complicações , Helicobacter pylori/genética , Helicobacter pylori/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição , Estudos Prospectivos , Úlcera Gástrica/etiologia , Urease/genética , Virulência/genéticaRESUMO
One method of regulating healthcare costs is through capitaiton--a per-member per-month reimbursement to the provider of services. While there are many different entities affected by the capitation process, this article focuses predominantly on the hospital side of the equation as it relates to the delivery of orthopedic services.